California Gold Nutrition Defender 4 Review
California Gold Nutrition Defender 4 is a supplement with vitamins and minerals sold as 180 veggie capsules. The product page lists its overview as California Gold Nutrition Defender 4, with Vitamins C and D, Zinc, and Selenium, with immune system support. It is formulated without gluten, GMOs, or soy, is produced in a 3rd party audited cGMP registered (certified) facility, and is suitable for vegetarians. The page states that Defender 4 is formulated with a combination of four clinically-studied vitamins and minerals to help promote a healthy immune system. The product is listed as first available 04/2025, with a shipping weight of 0.43 lb, product code CGN-02546, UPC 898220025466, and package quantity of 180 count. Dimensions are 5.3 x 2.8 x 2.8 in. The suggested use is to take 1 capsule daily, with food, and the page advises use as directed by a qualified healthcare professional. The supplement facts list a serving size of 1 capsule and 180 servings per container. Vitamin C (as Ascorbic Acid) provides 500 mg, 556% Daily Value. Vitamin D (as D3, Cholecalciferol) provides 25 mcg (1,000 IU), 125% DV. Zinc (as Zinc Picolinate) provides 10 mg, 91% DV. Selenium (as L-Selenomethionine) provides 50 mcg, 91% DV. Other ingredients are modified cellulose (hypromellose veggie capsule), microcrystalline cellulose, magnesium stearate, and silicon dioxide (silica). The page states the product is not manufactured with milk, eggs, fish, crustacean shellfish, tree nuts, peanuts, wheat, soy, sesame, or gluten, and is produced in an FDA-registered, third-party audited, cGMP-compliant facility that may process other products containing these allergens. It is manufactured and quality tested in USA with globally sourced ingredients. Key info lists certifications as halal, gluten-free, and soy-free, and quality standards as GMP. Warnings advise keeping out of reach of children and consulting a healthcare professional if pregnant or lactating, chronically ill, elderly, under 18, taking meds such as meds, or with a diagnosed medical condition. The seal should be intact, and the product should be stored in a cool, dry place away from heat, light, and moisture.
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Study, Trial or Testing Result Summary
Members Only152 human studies · 59 improved
3 of these 152 human studies gave the ingredient by drip or injection, not by mouth.
Vitamin C at this full dose has modest support. Across 29 trials, colds were not less common in the general public, but they were about 8% shorter in adults and 14% shorter in children, and about half as common in marathon runners, skiers and soldiers [1]. Another pooled analysis found a 4% lower risk of respiratory infections and 9% shorter symptoms [2]. A review of eight reviews concluded vitamin C does not prevent colds [3]. Zinc at a full dose did not prevent colds, but colds were about 2.4 days shorter when it was used as treatment [4]. Vitamin D reaches the studied dose only at two capsules a day. Its results are mixed. A pooled analysis found about 12% lower odds of respiratory infection, mostly in very deficient people [5]. Large trials found no benefit, including 15,804 older adults taking 2,000 international units daily [6] and 2,157 adults aged 70 or older [7]. Selenium at a full dose did not substantially change antibodies or white blood cells in healthy people. The only benefit was higher natural killer cell activity, and those results were inconsistent [8]. Animal and cell studies are never counted.
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- Across 25 trials with 11,321 people of all ages, vitamin D supplements lowered the odds of a sudden respiratory infection by about 12%, with the biggest benefit in very deficient people and those taking daily or weekly doses rather than large single doses.Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory infections: individual participant data meta-analysis.
- Across 29 placebo-controlled trials with 11,306 people taking at least 0.2 g of vitamin C daily, colds were not less common in the general public but were about half as common in marathon runners, skiers and soldiers, and colds lasted 8% shorter in adults and 14% shorter in children.Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold.
- Across 34 trials with 8526 children and adults, zinc made little or no difference to catching a cold but may have shortened colds by about 2.4 days when used as treatment, with more mild side effects.Zinc for prevention and treatment of the common cold.
- Across nine studies of 2,367 people, vitamin D deficiency was not overall linked to the immune response to flu vaccination, though protection rates for two strains were lower in deficient people.Does Vitamin D Deficiency Affect the Immunogenic Responses to Influenza Vaccination? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analys…
- In a pooled analysis of 35 trials in people with Hashimoto thyroiditis, selenium lowered thyroid antibodies, thyroid-stimulating hormone and an oxidative stress marker, with side effects similar to placebo, but showed no change in interleukin-2 or interleukin-10.Selenium Supplementation in Patients with Hashimoto Thyroiditis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Cli…
- A review of eight systematic reviews covering 31 randomized trials concluded that taking vitamin C does not prevent people from catching a common cold.Does vitamin C prevent the common cold?
- In a pooled analysis of randomized trials in adults, vitamin C slightly lowered the risk of respiratory infections by 4% and shortened symptoms by 9%, with a stronger prevention effect in men and in middle-income countries.Effect of micronutrient supplements on influenza and other respiratory tract infections among adults: a systematic revie…
- In 10 placebo-controlled trials of healthy people taking at least 1 g of vitamin C daily, cold severity was 15% lower than with placebo, with a clear benefit on severe symptoms but not on mild ones.Vitamin C reduces the severity of common colds: a meta-analysis.
- Across 22 supplementation studies in people with multiple sclerosis, vitamin D3 did not clearly reduce relapses or disability overall, but high doses did lower the yearly relapse rate while low doses did not.Vitamin D status, supplementation, and multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- In children with pneumonia, zinc may have slightly shortened hospital stays but did not speed recovery time, and no nutritional supplement could be recommended for routine treatment.A systematic review and meta-analysis on nutritional and dietary interventions for the treatment of acute respiratory in…
- Pooling 6 trials of adults with colds, zinc lozenges did not significantly reduce the chance of having cold symptoms at 7 days.A meta-analysis of zinc salts lozenges and the common cold.
- In 13 placebo-controlled trials in sepsis patients, intravenous selenium did not reduce deaths, kidney failure or secondary infection, but shortened vasopressor use and ICU and hospital stays and lowered ventilator-associated pneumonia.A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials: Efficacy of selenium treatment for sepsis.
- In nine trials in healthy people lasting 8 to 48 weeks, selenium did not substantially change antibodies, white blood cells or cytokines; the only benefit was higher natural killer cell activity, and results were inconsistent.Selenium and immune function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental human studies.
- In seven trials of cardiac surgery patients, selenium lowered kidney injury, hospital stay and C-reactive protein, but did not change ICU days, deaths or hospital-acquired infections.Efficacy of selenium on patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
- Five small, low-quality trials with 2,655 children and adults gave vitamin C at 125 mg to 2 g daily, and the evidence was too weak to tell whether it prevents or treats pneumonia.Vitamin C supplementation for prevention and treatment of pneumonia.
- In multiple sclerosis, about 14% of patients used selenium supplements, and three trials of selenium-containing supplements reported safety with improved inflammation and oxidative stress, but there is no evidence for selenium alone.Shining a Light on Selenium: a Meta-analysis of Supplementation in Multiple Sclerosis.
- In four trials of 463 people with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 200 mcg selenium lowered thyroid antibodies in three studies but not in one, with evidence at unclear to high risk of bias.Selenium supplementation for Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
- A review of 39 randomized trials of eight supplements, including vitamin C, in healthy people under stress found some signs of benefit but too many gaps to draw firm conclusions about immune protection.Select Dietary Supplement Ingredients for Preserving and Protecting the Immune System in Healthy Individuals: A Systemat…
- A review of 13 studies in healthy adults found alternative vitamin C forms often raised white blood cell vitamin C and were better tolerated, with one study showing fewer colds, but more research is needed to confirm immune benefits.Enhanced Vitamin C Delivery: A Systematic Literature Review Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Alternative Supplement …
- A review of 20 trials in healthy adults (8 on vitamin D) found micronutrients other than vitamin C, including vitamin D, may not prevent colds or reduce symptom severity.Zinc Supplementation Reduces Common Cold Duration among Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Tri…
- A review of 9 reviews found low vitamin D levels linked to higher risk of COVID-19 infection, but trials are still needed to confirm whether supplements help with severity or death.The role of vitamin D in prevention OF COVID-19 and its severity: an umbrella review.
- A review of the literature suggests vitamin D plays a role in innate immunity and that supplementation may help prevent or treat COVID-19, though this is a hypothesis.Vitamin D in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
- In a review of 14 diet trials in people with lupus, vitamin D was linked to better inflammation markers in most studies but not to better disease activity scores.Diet and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): From Supplementation to Intervention.
- A review of 28 systematic reviews on diet and lupus looked at vitamin D among other nutrients but the abstract gives no clear result for vitamin D, and no specific dietary recommendations were established.The Interconnection Between Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Diet: Unmet Needs, Available Evidence, and Guidance-A Patie…
- A guideline review of evidence made a conditional recommendation against vitamin D supplements for preventing eczema in children.Guidelines of care for the primary prevention of atopic dermatitis and awareness of comorbid conditions in pediatric ato…
- This review of common cold treatments covered zinc gel and lozenges among other options, but the abstract gives no results for zinc.Common cold.
- This review of common cold treatments covered zinc gel and lozenges among other options, but the abstract gives no results for zinc.Common cold.
- This review of controlled trials on nutrition and viral infections found selenium and zinc showed favourable immune-modulating effects in viral respiratory infections.Enhancing immunity in viral infections, with special emphasis on COVID-19: A review.
- Across nine randomised trials, selenium affected T and natural killer cells depending on dose and form, but had little effect on antibody-based immunity.Selenium status and immunity.
- A review of five systematic reviews found that four reported selenium at 200 micrograms a day helped delay the drop in CD4 immune cell counts in people with HIV, with study lengths ranging from 2 weeks to 18 months.Selenium and zinc supplementation in HIV-infected patients.
- In 15,804 older adults, 2,000 IU of vitamin D3 daily did not significantly lower the risk of upper respiratory infection at 1 year compared with placebo.Effect of Daily Vitamin D Supplementation on Risk of Upper Respiratory Infection in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlle…
- In 8,851 schoolchildren in Mongolia, 14,000 IU of vitamin D3 weekly for 3 years did not lower tuberculosis infection (3.6% vs 3.3% with placebo), tuberculosis disease, or respiratory infection.Vitamin D Supplements for Prevention of Tuberculosis Infection and Disease.
- In 2157 adults aged 70 or older, 2000 IU of vitamin D3 daily for 3 years did not significantly reduce infection rates or improve blood pressure, physical performance, cognition, or fractures compared with placebo.Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation, Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation, or a Strength-Training Exercise Program on Clin…
- In 1,444 army recruits taking 6,000 mg of vitamin C daily for 30 days, the risk of getting a common cold was 0.80 times that of those taking placebo.Vitamin C supplementation reduces the odds of developing a common cold in Republic of Korea Army recruits: randomised co…
- In 977 Kenyan schoolchildren given a multivitamin and mineral tablet including 40 micrograms of selenium for 11 months, reinfection with one worm (Schistosoma mansoni) was lower in intensity than with placebo, but there was no difference for three other worm types.Effects of multimicronutrient supplementation on helminth reinfection: a randomized, controlled trial in Kenyan schoolch…
- In 881 pregnant women, 4,400 IU daily of vitamin D started at 10-18 weeks of pregnancy did not lower preeclampsia compared with 400 IU (8.08% vs 8.33%), though women with higher vitamin D blood levels had lower risk.Early pregnancy vitamin D status and risk of preeclampsia.
- In 868 Navajo schoolchildren given vitamin C or placebo, there was no difference in how many got ill (133 vs 129), number of illness episodes, or illness length, though blood vitamin C levels were higher.Vitamin C and acute illness in Navajo schoolchildren.
- In 826 Indonesian preschool children given 10 mg zinc daily for 4 months, days with upper respiratory infection fell 12 percent (not significant), and 20 percent after vitamin A was given.Zinc combined with vitamin A reduces upper respiratory tract infection morbidity in a randomised trial in preschool chil…
- In a randomized trial of 688 adult women, 1 gram of vitamin C daily produced a small reduction in chest colds but no effect on simple colds.A randomized controlled trial of vitamin C in the prevention and amelioration of the common cold.
- In 674 marine recruits given 2 grams of vitamin C or placebo daily for eight weeks, colds were no less common or shorter, though the vitamin C group rated their colds as less severe.Vitamin C prophylaxis in marine recruits.
- In 597 Chinese infants revaccinated against tuberculosis, 3 months of daily vitamin A plus 500 IU vitamin D raised positive skin test response to 96.1% versus 89.7% in the control group.Enhancement of vitamin A combined vitamin D supplementation on immune response to Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine revacc…
- In 595 critically ill surgical patients, early antioxidant supplementation with vitamin C and vitamin E did not significantly reduce lung complications compared with standard care, but it reduced multiple organ failure and shortened time on the ventilator and in intensive care.Randomized, prospective trial of antioxidant supplementation in critically ill surgical patients.
- In 502 critically ill adults given 500 micrograms of selenium a day by intravenous feeding for up to 7 days, new infections were not significantly reduced overall, but were reduced in those who received it for at least 5 days.Randomised trial of glutamine, selenium, or both, to supplement parenteral nutrition for critically ill patients.
- In 423 Tanzanian adults with tuberculosis given a daily multivitamin with selenium, there was no overall effect on immune cell proliferation responses compared with placebo.Micronutrient supplementation and T cell-mediated immune responses in patients with tuberculosis in Tanzania.
- In 408 adults with mild to moderate asthma, vitamin D for 28 weeks did not reduce cold severity or frequency compared with placebo, and African American participants had more colds on vitamin D.Vitamin D Supplementation and the Risk of Colds in Patients with Asthma.
- In a 5-year double-blind trial of older Japanese adults, 500 mg of vitamin C daily cut the number of people with three or more colds, compared with 50 mg daily, but did not shorten or lessen the colds.Effect of vitamin C on common cold: randomized controlled trial.
- In 301 mechanically ventilated intensive care patients given up to 28 days of tube feeding enriched with selenium and other immune nutrients, new infections were no less common than with standard tube feeding, and 6-month mortality was higher in the medical subgroup.High-protein enteral nutrition enriched with immune-modulating nutrients vs standard high-protein enteral nutrition and …
- In 275 people with early COVID-19, a 10-day combination therapy including vitamin C was safe and well tolerated, but the study did not test whether it improved immune health.Read the study on PubMed (41693032) →
- In 254 older adults with COVID-19, a single high dose of 400,000 IU vitamin D3 lowered deaths at 14 days compared with 50,000 IU (6% vs 11%), but the benefit was gone by 28 days.High-dose versus standard-dose vitamin D supplementation in older adults with COVID-19 (COVIT-TRIAL): A multicenter, ope…
- In 247 high school students, 2000 IU of vitamin D3 daily for 2 months did not lower overall influenza A (13.5% vs 12.1% on placebo), though a post hoc look showed fewer cases in the first month only.Effects of vitamin D supplements on influenza A illness during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic: a randomized controlled trial.
- In 245 breastfeeding mothers given 600 IU vitamin D2 plus 1800 IU vitamin A daily for 2 months, infant fever, respiratory infection, diarrhoea and eczema were not lower than with placebo; the effect of vitamin D alone cannot be separated.Impact of Maternal Daily Oral Low-Dose Vitamin A Supplementation on the Mother-Infant Pair: A Randomised Placebo-Control…
- In a post hoc analysis of 240 critically ill children, zinc, selenium, glutamine and metoclopramide protected those who were immunocompromised from nosocomial infection and sepsis, while whey protein was better for immune-competent children without lymphopenia.Interaction Between 2 Nutraceutical Treatments and Host Immune Status in the Pediatric Critical Illness Stress-Induced I…
- In a placebo-controlled trial of pregnant women with mild to moderate iodine deficiency, 60 mcg of selenium daily did not lower thyroid antibodies compared with placebo, though it shifted some thyroid hormone levels in women who had thyroid antibodies.Effect of low-dose selenium on thyroid autoimmunity and thyroid function in UK pregnant women with mild-to-moderate iodi…
- In 228 health care workers, vitamin D2 raised blood vitamin D levels but did not change COVID-19 infection rates (50.5% vs 52.4%), symptoms, or inflammation markers compared with no treatment.Randomized trial of influence of vitamin D on the prevention and improvement of symptomatic COVID-19.
- Among 226 people with hepatitis B surface antigen, taking 200 micrograms of selenium daily as selenized yeast for 4 years led to no liver cancer cases in the selenium group versus 7 of 113 in the placebo group.Protective role of selenium against hepatitis B virus and primary liver cancer in Qidong.
- In 311 National Institutes of Health employees taking 3 g of ascorbic acid daily for nine months (with extra doses at cold onset), the vitamin had at best a minor effect on the duration and severity of colds, and the results could be explained by a break in blinding.Ascorbic acid for the common cold. A prophylactic and therapeutic trial.
- In a double-blind study of 95 identical twin pairs over 100 days, vitamin C shortened cold episodes by about 19% but had no other significant effect compared with placebo.Vitamin C and the common cold: using identical twins as controls.
- In a placebo-controlled trial of 186 HIV-positive adults, 200 mcg of selenium daily over about 2 years was linked to fewer hospital admissions and lower hospital costs than placebo.Impact of a selenium chemoprevention clinical trial on hospital admissions of HIV-infected participants.
- In 146 people with HIV, 200 micrograms of selenium daily for 6 months did not significantly raise CD4 immune cell counts compared with placebo.The effect of selenium and zinc on CD4(+) count and opportunistic infections in HIV/AIDS patients: a randomized double b…
- In 120 stroke patients with swallowing difficulty, vitamin C stimulation added to routine swallowing training improved swallowing tests, nutrition markers and antibody levels compared with routine training alone.Effects of vitamin C stimulation on rehabilitation of dysphagia after stroke: a randomized trial.
- In 120 children with acute Kawasaki disease, adding vitamin D to standard treatment brought fever down faster (27 vs 50 hours) and lowered inflammatory markers compared with standard treatment alone.Read the study on PubMed (40996174) →
- In 117 healthy adults aged 50 to 64 with low selenium, supplementation for 12 weeks boosted some flu-related immune cell responses and suppressed others, with no change in mucosal flu antibodies.Selenium supplementation has beneficial and detrimental effects on immunity to influenza vaccine in older adults.
- In 112 women with repeated implantation failure, vitamin D alone gave a 17.8% pregnancy rate versus 10.7% for control, and only the combination with vaginal probiotics (46.4%) significantly changed immune markers.The effect of vitamin D supplementation and vaginal probiotics on fertility in women with recurrent implantation failure…
- In people with autoimmune thyroiditis, 200 mcg of selenite daily for three months lowered thyroid antibody levels within the group, but the change was not significantly different from placebo or from vitamin C.Effects of selenium and vitamin C on the serum level of antithyroid peroxidase antibody in patients with autoimmune thyr…
- In a placebo-controlled trial of 100 people with mild to moderate ulcerative colitis, 200 mcg of selenomethionine daily for 10 weeks raised a gene called SIRT1 in blood cells compared with placebo, but a second gene (PGC-1 alpha) did not change significantly.Effect of Selenium Supplementation on Expression of SIRT1 and PGC-1α Genes in Ulcerative Colitis Patients: a Double Blin…
- In 98 adults with mild to moderate coronavirus illness, 1000 mg of vitamin C daily for 14 days had no effect on symptom progression or quality of life compared with placebo.A Pilot of a Randomized Control Trial of Melatonin and Vitamin C for Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19.
- In 91 adults with cystic fibrosis given a large vitamin D3 dose during a lung flare-up then every other week for a year, there was no difference from placebo in time to next flare-up or death, lung function, or an infection-fighting protein.Vitamin D for the Immune System in Cystic Fibrosis (DISC): a double-blind, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled c…
- In 91 health care workers given 5000 or 2000 IU of vitamin D3 daily for 3 months, vitamin D intake was not linked to lower COVID-19 illness, though the higher dose group had only asymptomatic cases.Vitamin D Intake May Reduce SARS-CoV-2 Infection Morbidity in Health Care Workers.
- In 87 lung transplant recipients, 100,000 IU of vitamin D monthly for 2 years did not change chronic lung rejection, inflammation or other outcomes compared with placebo.High-dose vitamin D after lung transplantation: A randomized trial.
- In 82 adolescent swimmers, 12 weeks of vitamin D3 versus placebo did not change thymus activity markers, and these were not linked to respiratory infection severity or duration.Thymus Activity, Vitamin D, and Respiratory Infections in Adolescent Swimmers.
- In 80 healthy adults with a new common cold, zinc gluconate nasal gel used four times daily until symptoms resolved (up to 10 days) shortened cold duration to a median of 4.3 days versus 6 days with placebo.Effect of zincum gluconicum nasal gel on the duration and symptom severity of the common cold in otherwise healthy adult…
- In adults on hemodialysis, 200 mcg of selenium daily for 12 weeks improved nutritional status scores and lowered a marker of oxidative stress compared with placebo, and slowed a rise in the inflammation marker interleukin-6.Selenium supplementation improves the nutritional status of hemodialysis patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-c…
- In 76 sepsis patients, sodium selenite did not improve immune cytokine release compared with placebo over three weeks.Immune function testing in sepsis patients receiving sodium selenite.
- In 75 hospitalized infants under one year with respiratory syncytial virus infection, adding 1 mg of oral sodium selenite to routine care shortened the time to symptom relief compared with routine care alone and improved some cell immune measures.[Effects of selenium supplement on acute lower respiratory tract infection caused by respiratory syncytial virus].
- In 70 women with autoimmune thyroiditis, 200 micrograms of selenium daily for 3 months reduced thyroid peroxidase antibodies to about 64% of starting levels, compared with 88% in the placebo group.Selenium supplementation in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis decreases thyroid peroxidase antibodies concentrations.
- In a pilot trial of 68 sepsis patients, 400 mcg of selenium nanoparticles daily raised T cell counts and lowered inflammatory markers IL-6 and HMGB1 compared with standard care alone.Selenium nanoparticles as adjunctive therapy in sepsis: A pilot randomized clinical trial.
- In 63 adults with overweight or obesity, eating 750 g per week of cod for 8 weeks lowered a blood marker of immune activation compared with a no-fish control group, while salmon had no such effect; cod also raised blood selenium levels, but no selenium supplement was given.Effect of high intake of cod or salmon on serum total neopterin concentration: a randomised clinical trial.
- In 62 healthy older men over 24 weeks, eating selenium-enriched wheat raised blood selenium but did not change markers of cancer risk, oxidative stress, inflammation or immune function compared with placebo.Increased consumption of wheat biofortified with selenium does not modify biomarkers of cancer risk, oxidative stress, o…
- In 60 children prone to recurrent respiratory infections, a daily orange juice providing 70 mg of vitamin C was associated with a drop in infection episodes from about 6.75 to 2.62 per child.Beneficial therapeutic effects of vitamin C on recurrent respiratory tract infections in children: preliminary data.
- In cancer patients with swelling from lymphedema, sodium selenite given with physical therapy for three weeks prevented skin infections (erysipelas) during treatment and over three months of follow-up, while half of the placebo group developed erysipelas in follow-up.Sodium selenite as prophylaxis against erysipelas in secondary lymphedema.
- In 59 healthy adults, a personalized supplement with selenium, zinc and vitamin D did not reduce how often or how severely upper respiratory infections occurred compared with placebo, although one intention-to-treat analysis showed a higher symptom score in the treatment arm.Individualized Supplementation of Immunoactive Micronutrients and Severity of Upper Respiratory Infection Symptoms-A Ran…
- In 53 people with multiple sclerosis, 48 weeks of vitamin D3 did not change immune cell CD25 or IL2RA gene activity compared with placebo, though some CD25 measures fell only in the placebo group.Vitamin D3 supplementation and the IL-2/IL-2R pathway in multiple sclerosis: Attenuation of progressive disturbances?
- In 44 patients with large bowel cancer, selenium supplementation raised serum selenium and increased several cell-mediated immune measures compared with a control group.[The relationship between selenium and immunity in large bowel cancer].
- In 40 adults with active rheumatoid arthritis, adding vitamin D to standard drugs for 3 months raised regulatory immune cell levels more than standard drugs alone, alongside lower disease activity scores.Vitamin D: does it help Tregs in active rheumatoid arthritis patients.
- In 40 postmenopausal women, 2 mcg a day of active vitamin D3 for 2 weeks slightly raised CD3 and CD8 T cell counts while 1 mcg a day changed nothing and CD4 cells were unchanged.The effect of 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 on CD4+/CD8+ subsets of T lymphocytes in postmenopausal women.
- In 40 Air Force Academy cadets taking 15 mg of zinc gluconate daily for seven months, self-reported symptom-free episodes were significantly higher than with placebo, but doctor-diagnosed upper respiratory infections did not differ.Use of zinc supplements to reduce upper respiratory infections in United States Air Force Academy cadets.
- In 40 volunteers with low selenium, supplementing for 11 weeks produced little change in immune function, though granulocytes killed slightly more Staphylococcus aureus than with placebo.Selenium and immune functions in humans.
- In 39 women with early rheumatoid arthritis, a single 300,000 IU dose of vitamin D3 added to standard treatment improved general health over 3 months, but did not change immune cell subtypes or bone-cell precursors.Vitamin D and immunomodulation in early rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study.
- In 38 hemodialysis patients, 12 weeks of vitamin D3 normalized blood vitamin D levels but did not change monocyte counts, T helper cell frequencies, or inflammation markers compared with placebo.Influence of cholecalciferol supplementation in hemodialysis patients on monocyte subsets: a randomized, double-blind, p…
- In 38 people with relapsing multiple sclerosis, high-dose vitamin D3 (20,400 IU every other day) reduced sugar-chain branching on T and natural killer cells but mostly did not change immune cell numbers compared with low-dose.Effect of vitamin D supplementation on N-glycan branching and cellular immunophenotypes in MS.
- In cancer patients having pancreas surgery, a preoperative oral supplement containing antioxidants raised blood selenium and vitamin C and improved total antioxidant capacity after surgery compared with placebo, but did not reduce oxidative stress or inflammation markers.Oral preoperative antioxidants in pancreatic surgery: a double-blind, randomized, clinical trial.
- In 36 childhood cancer patients given selenium and placebo in a crossover design (30 days each), selenium reduced neutropenia cases and raised neutrophils in solid tumor patients, while antibody effects differed between patient groups.Impact of Selenium Supplementation in Neutropenia and Immunoglobulin Production in Childhood Cancer Patients.
- In 34 healthy young adults eating three enriched eggs daily for three weeks, an inflammatory signaling chemical fell and a protective enzyme rose compared with regular eggs; selenium was one of several combined nutrients.Consumption of Hen Eggs Enriched with n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Selenium, Vitamin E and Lutein Incites Anti-Infla…
- In 32 people given 2,000 IU of vitamin D daily for 10 weeks before a tetanus booster shot, antibody response was slightly higher than with placebo, while other immune measures were similar.Efficient tetanus toxoid immunization on vitamin D supplementation.
- In 32 elderly tube-fed patients, a probiotic enriched with zinc and selenium for 60 days did not significantly change infection rates or inflammation markers compared with placebo.Safety and Efficacy of Probiotic Supplementation in Reducing the Incidence of Infections and Modulating Inflammation in …
- In 28 people recovering from COVID-19, a single 1000 mg dose of vitamin C reduced one type of immune-related reactive oxygen species by 45% but did not raise nitric oxide levels.A Plant-Based Dietary Supplement Exhibits Significant Effects on Markers of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Immune R…
- In 28 healthy adults with an induced chemical skin rash, a single 200,000 IU dose of vitamin D3 reduced skin inflammation in all participants, with effects lasting 6 weeks.Vitamin D3 and deconvoluting a rash.
- In 24 patients receiving stem cell transplants for myeloma or lymphoma, high-dose vitamin C (20 g daily for 10 days, then 500 mg twice daily until day 100) was linked to rising natural killer and CD3 immune cell counts from day 30 to day 100 and fewer infections, compared with standard care alone.Effect of vitamin C on immune reconstitution after bone marrow transplantation.
- In 22 hospitalized people with mild COVID-19 and heart disease, 10,000 IU of vitamin D3 daily reduced inflammatory markers and was linked to less severe illness, fewer hospital days, and lower death rate than placebo.Vitamin D3 supplementation in COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular disease and gut dysbiosis.
- In 22 adults with low selenium, taking 50 or 100 micrograms of selenium daily for 15 weeks increased interferon gamma, T helper cells and T cell proliferation and cleared a poliovirus faster than placebo.An increase in selenium intake improves immune function and poliovirus handling in adults with marginal selenium status.
- In 20 children having surgery, ascorbate before premedication did not change neutrophil mobility during anaesthesia or surgery, and no infections occurred.Neutrophil mobility during anaesthesia in children. A trial of ascorbate premedication.
- In 12 adults who exercised for about two hours in heat, 1500 mg of vitamin C daily for 12 days lowered the stress hormone cortisol after exercise, but did not change salivary antibody levels or cold-like symptoms compared with placebo.Vitamin C supplementation and salivary immune function following exercise-heat stress.
- In healthy adults aged 55 and older, a 12-week multivitamin and mineral supplement raised blood vitamin C and zinc levels but did not change measured immune function compared with placebo.The Effect of a Multivitamin and Mineral Supplement on Immune Function in Healthy Older Adults: A Double-Blind, Randomiz…
- In older adults, a 30-day course of a multi-ingredient supplement that also contained vitamin C lowered inflammatory blood markers and improved lymphocyte levels, though they did not reach the levels seen in younger people; the vitamin C dose was not stated.Use of Nutraceuticals in Elderly to Fight Inflammation and Immuno-Senescence: A Randomized Case-Control Study.
- In a randomized trial of ultramarathon runners and sedentary controls, taking 600 mg of vitamin C daily was linked to fewer upper airway infection symptoms in the two weeks after a race than placebo, with 33% of supplement takers developing symptoms versus 68% of placebo takers among runners.Vitamin C supplementation reduces the incidence of postrace symptoms of upper-respiratory-tract infection in ultramarath…
- In HIV-infected adults in a flu vaccine trial, taking vitamin D supplements did not improve the immune response to the vaccine.Vitamin D supplementation does not increase immunogenicity of seasonal influenza vaccine in HIV-infected adults.
- In a 3-month supplementation study of breastfeeding mothers and infants, higher maternal vitamin D status was linked to lower infant TNF levels and stronger infant immune cell responses to challenge, with some responses tied to the infant's own vitamin D.Maternal Vitamin D Status Correlates to Leukocyte Antigenic Responses in Breastfeeding Infants.
- In head and neck cancer patients receiving treatment, 200 mcg of selenium daily for 8 weeks enhanced cell-mediated immune responses, while the placebo group's responses declined.Selenium and immunocompetence in patients with head and neck cancer.
- In patients undergoing major upper gastrointestinal surgery, a feed enriched with zinc, selenium and other immune nutrients did not change inflammation or nutrition markers or shorten hospital stay compared with a standard feed.Immunonutrition in patients undergoing major upper gastrointestinal surgery: a prospective double-blind randomised contr…
- In healthy people taking 200 mcg of selenium daily as sodium selenite for 8 weeks, immune cells responded more strongly to stimulation and expressed more interleukin 2 receptor.Supplementation with selenium and human immune cell functions. I. Effect on lymphocyte proliferation and interleukin 2 r…
- In people with adequate selenium levels, 200 mcg per day of selenite for eight weeks increased the killing activity of immune cells against tumor cells and increased natural killer cell activity compared with baseline.Supplementation with selenium and human immune cell functions. II. Effect on cytotoxic lymphocytes and natural killer ce…
- In a placebo-controlled trial of institutionalized elders, a low-dose micronutrient supplement with zinc and selenium over 2 years significantly reduced the average number of respiratory and urogenital infections; vitamins alone did not.Micronutrient supplementation and infection in institutionalized elders.
- In two trials of 8-9 year old children (172 and 642) given 1000 mg vitamin C daily, cold duration and severity seemed lower but cold incidence stayed the same or rose, and the total sick days were fewer only in the smaller pilot study.Vitamin C as a preventive medicine against common colds in children.
- In about 210 students (three groups of about 70) taking 1 gram daily for 15 weeks, the D-isoascorbic acid group had 34% fewer colds than the other two groups, which included the L-ascorbic acid group, so regular vitamin C showed no clear benefit.L-Ascorbic acid and D-isoascorbic acid in a common cold survey.
- Among 180 COVID-19 patients, those with vitamin D deficiency were hospitalized more often (41.3% vs 12.5%), and those given vitamin D3 recovered from hospital about 5 days sooner than deficient patients.Importance of Vitamin D3 in COVID-19 Patients.
- In 80 people with pulmonary tuberculosis, adding selenium to anti-tuberculosis drugs raised immunoglobulin and white blood cell counts and lowered lipid peroxidation compared with drugs alone.Immune modulatory and anti-oxidative effect of selenium against pulmonary tuberculosis.
- In 60 older adults drinking selenium and vitamin E enriched milk for 12 weeks, some immune measures stayed stable and certain cytokines changed, while TNF-alpha rose in all groups, so the overall immune effect was mixed.Effects of the Consumption of Milk Biofortified with Selenium, Vitamin E, and Different Fatty Acid Profile on Immune Res…
- In 16 people with cystic fibrosis, 3 months of vitamin D2 or D3 was linked to lower T cell activation markers in a dose-dependent way compared with controls.Vitamin D treatment modulates immune activation in cystic fibrosis.
- In 8 healthy men, a 10-week low-zinc diet (4.6 mg a day) reduced immune cell proliferation, which stayed reduced after 5 weeks of 9.1 mg zinc a day, while immune cell numbers and several other immune measures did not change.Immune functions are maintained in healthy men with low zinc intake.
- In a large double-blind trial, 1 g of vitamin C daily gave a small, non-significant reduction in colds, but more people stayed illness-free and vitamin takers had about 30% fewer days of disability from illness than placebo takers.Vitamin C and the common cold: a double-blind trial.
- In older adults, 500 mg of vitamin C injected daily for one month improved T-lymphocyte response and skin test reaction compared with placebo, but did not change antibody levels.Effect of vitamin C supplements on cell-mediated immunity in old people.
- In cancer patients, a selenium and zinc combination strengthened the skin immune reaction to a test chemical compared with the comparison group, and raised interferon levels.Study of immune function of cancer patients influenced by supplemental zinc or selenium-zinc combination.
- In infertile women with low vitamin D, supplementation (23 tested before and after) lowered the ratio of Th1 to Th2 immune cells, and 11 of 23 (47.8%) reached sufficient vitamin D levels.Vitamin D Regulates Maternal T-Helper Cytokine Production in Infertile Women.
- In intensive care patients with severe infection-related inflammation, selenium replacement for nine days lowered illness scores and the need for dialysis for kidney failure compared with usual low-dose selenium, though the death difference was not statistically significant.Selenium replacement in patients with severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome improves clinical outcome.
- In a small feasibility study of people with a new common cold, 250 mg of vitamin C daily for 5 days was used only as the comparison arm against a warm humidified air treatment, and the abstract reports no benefit from vitamin C itself.Randomised controlled trial of rhinothermy for treatment of the common cold: a feasibility study.
- In 20 asthma patients, 200 mcg of selenium daily for 6 months lowered several inflammation-related adhesion molecules on immune cells and blood vessel cells compared with before treatment.Effects of selenium supplementation on expression of adhesion molecules in corticoid-dependent asthmatics.
- In 18 older adults low in vitamin D, taking 6,400 IU of vitamin D3 daily for 14 weeks strengthened the skin immune response to a chickenpox virus antigen and reduced inflammatory cell build-up.Vitamin D3 replacement enhances antigen-specific immunity in older adults.
- In 17 a med-dependent asthma patients with low selenium, 200 mcg daily for 96 weeks was followed by changes in several immune measures, including more T cells and higher IgG and IgA, without a control group.The influence of selenium supplementation on the immunity of corticoid-dependent asthmatics.
- In healthy young adults in Cape Town given high-dose vitamin D3 in winter, HIV-1 replication in blood cells fell, circulating white blood cells rose, and winter-associated anemia reversed.High-dose vitamin D3 reduces deficiency caused by low UVB exposure and limits HIV-1 replication in urban Southern Africa…
- In people with inflammatory bowel disease, 12 weeks of vitamin D was linked to lower disease activity and inflammation markers and shifts in immune responses to gut bacteria, with no control group.Multi-omics reveal vitamin D regulation of immune-gut microbiome interactions and tolerogenic pathways in inflammatory b…
- In 250 Nigerian children under five with respiratory infections compared with 250 without, blood vitamin D was slightly lower in those with infections and lowest in those with lower respiratory infections.Vitamin D and Acute Respiratory Infections in Children.
- In a study of 433 women followed for a year, those with the highest dietary vitamin C intake were less likely to have a persistent human papillomavirus infection than those with the lowest intake.Dietary intake and risk of persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection: the Ludwig-McGill HPV Natural History Study.
- In 414 severely ill COVID-19 patients, lower vitamin D3 blood levels on admission were linked to higher inflammation markers, longer stays, more ventilator days and death.Cholecalciferol level and its impact on COVID-19 patients.
- In 147 HIV-infected adults, plasma selenium was within the normal range and was not linked to inflammation or vascular disease, and a med therapy did not change selenium levels differently from placebo.Plasma Selenium Concentrations Are Sufficient and Associated with Protease Inhibitor Use in Treated HIV-Infected Adults.
- In 80 adults with dengue, lower blood vitamin D levels were linked to more severe disease, but no supplement was given.Association of systemic vitamin D on the course of dengue virus infection in adults: a single-centre dengue cohort study…
- In 37 patients with skin infections called phlegmons, those given zinc tablets after low serum zinc was found had no further lesions for more than 10 months, though the study was uncontrolled.Serum zinc levels in patients with phlegmons as a marker of the severity of infection and the potential of zinc suppleme…
- In 35 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, low selenium-related protein levels combined with low zinc were more common in those who did not survive, and this combined status predicted survival, though no supplement was given.Prediction of survival odds in COVID-19 by zinc, age and selenoprotein P as composite biomarker.
- In 16 children with vitamin D deficient rickets compared with 15 healthy children, low vitamin D went along with fewer T cells and more frequent infections; no supplement was tested.Lymphocyte subpopulations in children with vitamin D deficient rickets.
- In 22 people newly diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis, blood selenium levels did not change over two months of a med treatment, while zinc rose and the copper-to-zinc ratio fell.Changes in serum selenium, copper, zinc levels and cu/zn ratio in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis during therapy.
- In hospital records of patients with upper respiratory tract infection, adding vitamin C injection to Xiyanping injection did not improve cure rates compared with Xiyanping alone.[Analysis of actual effects of combining xiyanping injection with vitamin C injection in treatment of upper respiratory …
- In a large population study of adults in Catalonia, cholecalciferol was linked to slightly lower COVID-19 infection risk (4.0% vs 4.2%), and both forms were linked to better outcomes only in people reaching blood levels of 30 ng/ml or higher, while calcifediol overall did not reduce infection or death.Vitamin D supplementation and COVID-19 risk: a population-based, cohort study.
- In healthy German adults followed for 24 weeks after COVID-19 vaccination, antibody response did not differ by vitamin D blood level.Relationship between Vitamin D Status and Antibody Response to COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in Healthy Adults.
- Young vegetarians and vegans had more zinc deficiency than omnivores, and this deficiency was linked to lower interleukin-2 production and weaker immune function.Reduced interleukin-2 production and increased CREMα protein expression in vegetarians and vegans due to zinc deficiency…
- In COVID-19 patients, survivors had higher serum copper and ceruloplasmin than non-survivors, and copper with selenoprotein P and age predicted survival well, but selenium supplementation was not tested.Relation of Serum Copper Status to Survival in COVID-19.
- In 21 adults with early autoimmune thyroiditis, taking myo-inositol with selenium twice daily for six months lowered TSH and thyroid antibody levels and reduced the immune signaling chemical CXCL10.Myo-inositol and selenium reduce the risk of developing overt hypothyroidism in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis.
- In 19 hemodialysis patients given influenza vaccine, 4 weeks of zinc acetate (60 mg elemental zinc daily) did not increase antibody responsiveness to the vaccine.Influenza vaccination in chronic hemodialysis patients. The effect of zinc supplementation.
- In 19 healthy older adults, moderate zinc supplementation reduced spontaneous inflammatory cytokine release and improved T cell response to stimulation.Zinc supplementation in the elderly reduces spontaneous inflammatory cytokine release and restores T cell functions.
- In 12 healthy volunteers, a nasal dose of 400 IU cholecalciferol did not produce detectable levels of the antimicrobial peptide hBD-2, while bacterial lysates did.Human β-defensin-2 induction in nasal mucosa after administration of bacterial lysates.
- In 6 patients with acrodermatitis enteropathica, low zinc levels were linked to weaker T and B cell responses, and these normalized when zinc levels recovered with supplementation.Abnormal immune responses during hypozincaemia in acrodermatitis enteropathica.
- In laboratory dishes, vitamin D changed activation markers on immune T-cells, but in 10 healthy people blood vitamin D levels were not significantly linked to those markers.Vitamin D modulates the expression of HLA-DR and CD38 after in vitro activation of T-cells.
- In volunteers with experimentally produced colds, zinc gluconate removed the drop in choice reaction time seen during the cold.Effects of zinc gluconate and nedocromil sodium on performance deficits produced by the common cold.
- In an early clinical trial of patients with advanced lung cancer, selenium nanoparticles added to standard chemotherapy and bevacizumab gave an objective tumor response rate of 83.3%, though the abstract does not give the number of people or the dose.Translational Selenium Nanoparticles Promotes Clinical Non-small-cell Lung Cancer Chemotherapy via Activating Selenoprot…
Review Totals and Summary
Members Only205,744 reviews · 98% positive
California Gold Nutrition Defender 4 enjoys an overwhelmingly positive reception from customers, with 100% of star-rated reviews giving it 4 or 5 stars across approximately 205,744 ratings. Buyers consistently express satisfaction with this supplement. **What it did for them** Customers primarily highlight the product's effectiveness in supporting their immune system and overall daily wellness. Many consider it a comprehensive solution for their vitamin needs, noting that it "contains all 4 essential vit to boost immune." Reviewers frequently describe it as a "good immune booster" and state that it "performs exactly as expected," contributing to their general health and efficiency. Some users find it to be "all I need for my daily vitamins." **What they complain about** Based on the provided customer feedback, there are no complaints regarding the product's performance, quality, or any other aspect. All reviews were positive, indicating a high level of satisfaction among buyers. **Taste or smell or pill size or form** Customers generally find the product convenient to use. The pill size is often described as manageable, with one reviewer noting the "size is good." The overall experience of taking the supplement is positive, with comments like "It is easy to use." Additionally, the product's presentation is appreciated, as some mention that the "packaging was well done." **Value for money** While not explicitly detailing price points, the consistent positive feedback and intent to repurchase strongly suggest customers perceive good value. Many buyers express high satisfaction with the "Very good quality" of the product and the brand itself. The sentiment of "I would definitely consider purchasing it again" and strong recommendations from repeat buyers imply that the benefits outweigh the cost for them. **Who it seems to suit and who it did not** This supplement appears well-suited for individuals looking for a daily vitamin regimen that specifically targets immune support. It appeals to those who appreciate a product that is "easy to use" and offers "good quality." Given the entirely positive feedback, there is no indication from these reviews as to who the product might not suit.
Biohacker Summary
Members Only10 of 10 recommend it
The panel has no single main ingredient for this product, since every ingredient is a smaller ingredient here, so the paragraph covers the four that came up most. Vitamin D drew the most attention: nearly all ten panelists mentioned it, and most recommend it or take it themselves. They cite immune health, mood, muscle, sperm health and general health or longevity, and one takes 5000 IU in the morning, while another says it is not worth taking unless you are deficient. Zinc was recommended by about half the panel for testosterone, sperm health, immunity and mood, with doses of 15 milligrams for longevity and 30 milligrams for sperm health when preparing for IVF, and one uses a gut-lining form called zinc carnosine. Vitamin C was recommended or used by a few for detox, inflammation and skin, and selenium was a smaller ingredient in this product that three panelists mentioned for thyroid and glutathione support. Pairings named were vitamin K2 with vitamin D, and one panelist advises taking vitamin D on days apart from liver, with no one saying they stopped.
See all 10 biohackers →Hide the biohackers
Dr. Eric Berg · Vitamin D · warns
- Dr. Berg warns that the recommended daily intake for vitamin D is based on a massive error and that the actual necessary amount is closer to 8,895 IU, with millions remaining deficient.
- Recommends getting vitamin D levels tested to ensure they are between 50 and 70, as vitamin D is intimately involved in regulating prostate size.
- Recommends ensuring sufficient zinc intake because the prostate needs enough zinc for the conversion from testosterone to DHT to be smooth and optimized.
- Recommends taking at least 10,000 IUs of vitamin D3 every single day in the winter, stating it is the most important vitamin to lower cancer risk.
- Recommends vitamin D to support the immune system, aiming for blood levels between 80 to 100 ng per ml.
- Mentions that lemon is loaded with vitamin C, and when combined with coffee, vitamin C significantly increases the bioavailability of antioxidants in the coffee.
- Recommends taking no less than 10,000 IU's of vitamin D3 for osteoporosis, alongside magnesium and K2.
- Recommends increasing vitamin D to restore balance and support healthy blood pressure.
- Dr. Berg states that Vitamin C helps fight biofilms and is essential for making collagen in gums, teeth, and capillaries.
- States that a lack of vitamin D can potentially cause achy bones or crashing mood.
- Recommends taking zinc carnosine for an ulcer or some type of gastric problem.
- Recommends Vitamin C as a cofactor, especially for collagen.
- States that vitamin D is intimately involved in the immune system and recommends taking at least 10,000 IUs each day.
- Emphasizes the importance of zinc for decreasing viral replication and recommends taking 40 to 60 mg every single day.
Dave Asprey · Vitamin D · uses
- Takes Vitamin DAKE from Suppgrade Labs.
- Suggests that vitamin D supports brain health, muscle function, and focus.
- Recommends taking vitamin C for better skin health.
- Host Dave Asprey explains why correcting a vitamin D deficiency still makes sense for male fertility, even though supplementation did not improve overall semen parameters in a randomized trial.
- States that currently, he is only taking vitamin C and vitamin D.
- States that currently, he is only taking vitamin C and vitamin D.
- Developed a nonnano zinc sunscreen over five years, stating her skin is probably better now than it's ever been.
- Recommends vitamin D, noting it's actually a hormone and that most people are deficient, even those who take it, because they don't take enough.
- States that most people on the spectrum are low in vitamin D and need more of it, mentioning his own product, Vitam DAKNE, which contains real vitamin A.
- Emphasizes the importance of having enough zinc before trying advanced longevity strategies like peptides.
- Emphasizes the importance of having enough selenium before trying advanced longevity strategies like peptides.
- Suggests that zinc has better safety and protective data than meds for reducing cardio respiratory risk.
- Dave Asprey recommends Vitamin D3 with K2, explaining D3 is a hormone made from sunlight and K2 directs calcium into bones, not arteries, highlighting its low cost, widespread deficiency, and the ability to test its effectiveness.
- Warns that too much selenium increases cancer risk, becomes a toxin, and gets sequestered in tumors.
Siim Land · Vitamin D · recommends
- Advises against taking vitamin D in the morning with other supplements because it is fat soluble and requires dietary fat for better absorption.
- Recommends taking Vitamin D with fat for better absorption.
- Recommends taking vitamin C with collagen to support joint collagen synthesis.
- States that Vitamin D connects biology to light and that UVB reaching the skin enables its production.
- States that vitamin C is needed for initiating collagen synthesis and that higher vitamin C intake appears to increase vitamin C content in the skin.
- Lists sauerkraut and fruit as sources of Vitamin C.
- Thinks vitamin D has some of the strongest evidence and is worth considering.
- Notes that Vitamin K2 pairs well with vitamin D by regulating calcium and bone mineralization.
- Notes that Vitamin C is one of several supplements with human evidence.
- Recommends taking vitamin D supplements with some fat to maximize its absorption, suggesting with food or a teaspoon of olive oil.
- Notes that taking vitamin D3 with a fat-containing meal resulted in 32% higher peak blood vitamin D levels.
- Recommends taking Vitamin D in the morning or at lunch with fat.
- Notes that Boron improves vitamin D.
- Recommends Vitamin D because microglia contain Vitamin D receptors, and Vitamin D helps keep the immune system properly regulated, with low levels associated with greater neuroinflammation and a higher risk of autoimmune conditions.
Andrew Huberman · Zinc · uses
- Zinc carnosine to support and improve the lining of your gut.
- Notes that AG1 Pro contains zinc carnosine to support and improve the lining of the gut.
- States that AG1 Pro contains zinc carnosine to support and improve the lining of the gut.
- Uses AG1 Pro, which contains zinc carnosine to support and improve the lining of the gut.
- States that AG1 Pro contains zinc carnosine to support and improve the lining of the gut, and he was already taking some of these ingredients separately.
- States that AG1 Pro includes zinc carnosine, which he was already taking separately, to support and improve the lining of the gut.
- Notes that most people are probably deficient in vitamin D and benefit from supplementing, but there's no point in doing it unless you're deficient for most things.
- Personally takes zinc carnosine, which is included in AG1 Pro to support and improve the lining of the gut.
- AG1 Pro has zinc carnosine to support and improve the lining of your gut. Some of these ingredients I personally was already taking separate from the AG1 formula.
- States that AG1 Pro contains zinc carnosine to support and improve the lining of your gut.
- Uses AG1 Pro, which contains zinc carnosine to support and improve the lining of the gut.
- Takes 5,000 IU of Vitamin D3 in the morning for longevity.
- Takes 5000 IU of Vitamin D3 in the morning for general health.
- States that Vitamin D is one of the critical nutrients with the best evidence for cognitive function and reducing the risk of dementia.
Ben Greenfield · Zinc · warns
- Ben Greenfield's formulation includes 30 grams of zinc a day, taken for one week before surgery and two weeks after, as it is an important cofactor for wound healing.
- States that vitamin C is extremely important for collagen turnover and cites orthopedic data showing that 500 mg to 1 g of vitamin C can reduce the rate of complex regional pain in total knee replacements and wrist fractures.
- Notes that Vitamin D is actually a hormone and recommends patients aim for levels around 40 to 50, or even 60 for fracture healing, for optimal healing, as opposed to just above 20 which is considered normal.
- Mentions vitamin C as part of a bare-minimum protocol.
- Mentions vitamin D as part of a bare-minimum protocol.
- Advises getting vitamin D levels between 60 and 100 nanograms per milliliter as a minimum step for overall health and to slow down heart disease.
- Recommends taking sufficient selenium to ensure free T3 levels are right, which is important for the reverse calcium transport system.
- Emphasizes that zinc sufficiency is crucial for immunity because the thymus-derived peptide thymulin, which trains lymphocytes, requires zinc to be active.
- Notes that while vitamin C has significant value, the optimal dose is a vexed question, and high doses might not always be beneficial, potentially blunting the hormetic effects of exercise.
- Recommends adding zinc into one's stack because it is a co-factor for enzymes involved in testosterone synthesis and sperm maturation, and zinc deficiency is a reproducible cause of low sperm count.
- He mentions zinc as a supplement with real human data behind it for male fertility.
- Zinc may support both testosterone and sperm count.
- Notes that IV vitamin C has been used for decades for cancer patients with almost no standardization and that he receives many questions about its effectiveness and combination with chemo.
- Has been taking Vitamin D3 K2 for over a decade.
Dr. Mark Hyman · Vitamin D · recommends
- Recommends Vitamin D for health, stating that amazing things happen when patients' vitamin D statuses reach optimal levels.
- Mentions vitamin D as an existing biomarker that plays a role in mental health, which Function Health includes in their measurements.
- Notes that vitamin D plays a role in immune function.
- Recommends vitamin C as a basic supplement during detoxification to help with inflammation and detoxification.
- Recommends checking vitamin D levels and states that if they had to pick one single intervention for immune health, vitamin D would be it.
- Dr. Hyman discusses vitamin D in relation to sun exposure patterns.
- States that vitamin D supplementation can help with oxidative stress.
- Dr. Hyman mentions vitamin C as an advanced therapy for skin repair.
- Mentions topical vitamin C as an antioxidant that can help skin with aging.
- Gave a patient with psoriatic arthritis a little zinc, which contributed to significant improvement in her condition.
- Mentions that what they do when a cold comes on is not just vitamin C.
- Mentions vitamin D as a key nutrient for supporting immune function.
- States that vitamin D is probably the single most important intervention for immune health, recommending levels of 45 to 70 and emphasizing testing to determine the right dose.
- Recommends ensuring adequate vitamin C intake on a regular basis for immune support, stating it's important for healthy immune function despite mixed data on its effectiveness for colds.
Thomas DeLauer · Vitamin C · recommends
- Recommends taking vitamin C along with collagen about an hour before a workout for connective tissue benefits.
- Uses vitamin C as part of their immunity duo, stating it is important for boosting the immune system, especially during cold and flu season.
- Adds zinc to their immunity duo because it helps them absorb vitamin C, considering the two together a fantastic combination for fall and winter.
- Uses vitamin D3 in the fall and winter months when getting less sun, as it's important to supplement it then.
- Recommends taking a massive amount of vitamin D simultaneously with an early morning massive breakfast to help reset circadian rhythms and address hyperphagia.
- Recommends zinc, noting it is a cofactor for enzymes that build neurotransmitters, and deficiency can affect mood, happiness, and motivation.
- Recommends Vitamin D, stating that it has receptors throughout the brain and deficiency can quickly impact brain and mood.
- Takes supplemental vitamin D because he is skin sensitive and from northern latitudes, limiting his UV exposure.
- Recommends taking vitamin D on non-liver days to ensure both nutrients get proper receptor access.
- Recommends consuming vitamin C to aid in NADPH recycling, which is necessary for glutathione to be reused after neutralizing oxidative stress.
- Recommends adding selenium to the diet, found in Brazil nuts (two or three a day), eggs, shellfish, and mushrooms, as the glutathione recycling process is very selenium dependent and it helps protect against feroptosis.
- Mentions that more zinc could be beneficial for testosterone, but it's not working on the axis that most people need help with.
- Takes Purity's liquid liposomal vitamin C for immune support and overall wellness, finding it easy to add to water, juice, or take straight up due to its good taste.
- Takes Purity's liquid vitamin D3 with K2 because she is constantly inside during the day; D3 is for overall wellness and K2 helps the body absorb calcium properly.
Bryan Johnson · Vitamin D · uses
- Takes 5000 IU of Vitamin D3 in the morning for general health.
- Takes 5000 IU of Vitamin D3 in the morning for general health.
- Mentions that the sunlight assessment claims low vitamin D levels cause the immune system to misfire, and notes that their vitamin D has been measured.
- Takes 5000 IU of Vitamin D3 in the morning for longevity.
- Takes 15 mg of Zinc in the morning for longevity.
- He takes 5000 IU of Vitamin D3 in the morning for general health.
- Takes 5000 IU of Vitamin D3 in the morning for general health.
- Takes 5,000 IU of Vitamin D3 in the morning for longevity.
- Takes 5,000 IU of Vitamin D3 in the morning.
- Takes 15 mg of Zinc in the morning.
- Takes 5,000 IU of Vitamin D3 in the morning.
- He takes 5000 IU of Vitamin D3 in the morning for general health.
- Takes 15 mg of Zinc in the morning for longevity.
- Uses Vitamin C as an example of how it would be great if people knew that when they took it, it had a measurable amount and wasn't polluted, which is what Brian ensures with his products.
Dr. Rhonda Patrick · Vitamin D · neutral
- Vitamin D supplementation was linked to a 40% lower risk of dementia in an observational study of more than 12,000 older adults.
- Mentions that vitamin D also plays a role in maintaining muscle mass.
- Notes that not getting enough zinc can affect testosterone, as zinc is very important for testosterone synthesis.
- Recommends ensuring adequate vitamin D intake for men's sperm health.
- Recommends men take a 30 milligram zinc supplement for sperm health when preparing for IVF.
- Vitamin D and strength training alone did not, but adding them strengthened the effect on one clock, with the full combination slowing that measure by ~3.8 months.
- Lutein and zeaxanthin can also be obtained from certain multivitamins.
- Lutein and zeaxanthin can also be obtained from certain multivitamins.
- Discusses findings from a meta-analysis on zinc supplementation, noting it improved insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress in people with diabetes or prediabetes, and explains its biological role in the pancreas.
- Recommends Vitamin D, noting it regulates over 5% of the genome, including genes involved in immune defense, neurotransmitter synthesis, and longevity, and correcting deficiency may slow epigenetic aging.
- Uses Vitamin D3 as an example of a supplement that an AI model could track to see its impact on other metrics like glucose levels.
- Recommends Vitamin D, explaining that it regulates over 5% of the genome, including genes involved in immune defense, neurotransmitter synthesis, and longevity.
- Combining omega-3s with vitamin D and exercise has an additive effect, translating to ~3 months of slowed biological aging.
- The effect got stronger when omega-3 was combined with vitamin D and resistance training, with the full stack delaying phenotypic aging by about 3.8 months.
Peter Attia · Vitamin D · uses
- Lists vitamin D as one of her staple supplements.
- Suggests that zinc and magnesium could potentially help with vasodilation and sleep, particularly for women experiencing severe symptoms in the luteal phase.
- Notes that several studies show patients taking vitamin D can reduce TPO levels and prolong the honeymoon period of Hashimoto's disease.
- Notes that several studies show patients taking selenium can reduce TPO levels and prolong the honeymoon period of Hashimoto's disease.
- States that in mouse studies, there was a combined effect of alpha ketoglutarate with vitamin D for both sexes.
- Uses vitamin D as an example of how people might dismiss its efficacy due to failed clinical trials that didn't adjust the dose or measure levels.
- In mouse studies, Peter Attia's team found a combined effect of AKG with Vitamin D for both sexes.
- Suggests that supplementing with lots of vitamin D might help overcome the negative effects of phenytoin on bone health by improving calcium absorption, though he is unaware of studies on this.
- Recommends Vitamin D3 as one of the 'big three' micronutrients for bone health, suggesting a daily intake of 800 to 1,000 IU, which can be obtained through sunlight or supplementation.
- Suggests that supplementing with lots of vitamin D might overcome the negative effects of phenytoin on bone health by counteracting increased catabolism of vitamin D and subsequent decreased calcium absorption.
- Recommends vitamin C as an important molecule for skin, noting its role as a precursor for collagen synthesis, a powerful antioxidant, and a regulator of complexion for even skin tone.
- Tried a vitamin C serum mixed with ferulic acid but stopped using it because she hated the smell. She notes that topical application of vitamin C far exceeds the levels achievable by ingestion for skin benefits.
- Recommends vitamin D for people who tend to be vitamin D deficient, such as those living in Portland, Oregon.
- Discusses evaluating vitamin D, understanding deficiency, and optimal levels.
RAL Summary
Members OnlyTier 3 for Immune Health
The tier rests on a misreading of the vitamin D evidence: 19 of 52 studies improved and 21 showed no effect, and the largest trials found no benefit, so it is not a clear improvement. So it is graded Tier 3, lower than the rules alone gave.
Take 2 servings a day (2 capsules) to match the dose that worked in the studies.
Where the evidence disagrees: 50 of the 152 human studies found no effect.
More Details
Members OnlyBody systems · Combine with · Possible side effects
Body systems: Immune system, Respiratory system
Combine with: To further enhance immune system support, consider combining this product with probiotics to bolster gut health, which is intrinsically linked to immune function. Additionally, elderberry extract can provide further antiviral and immune-modulating benefits, especially during seasonal challenges. Quercetin, a powerful flavonoid, can also be a valuable addition due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, working synergistically with Vitamin C to support immune cell function.
Possible side effects: Zinc caused more mild side effects in cold trials. Selenium side effects were similar to placebo in thyroid trials.
Supplement Facts
Vitamin C 500 mg · Vitamin D 25 mcg · Zinc 10 mg
| Vitamin C (as Ascorbic Acid) | 500 mg | 556% |
| Vitamin D (as D3, Cholecalciferol) | 25 mcg | 125% |
| Zinc (as Zinc Picolinate) | 10 mg | 91% |
| Selenium (as L-Selenomethionine) | 50 mcg | 91% |
Other ingredients: Modified Cellulose (Hypromellose Veggie Capsule), Microcrystalline Cellulose, Magnesium Stearate, Silicon Dioxide (Silica). Not manufactured with milk, eggs, fish, crustacean shellfish, tree nuts, peanuts, wheat, soy, sesame, or gluten. Produced in an FDA-registered, third-party audited, cGMP-compliant facility that may process other products that contain these allergens or ingredients. Manufactured and quality tested in USA with globally sourced ingredients.
Directions: Take 1 capsule daily, with food. Best when taken as directed by a qualified healthcare professional.
Barcode (UPC) 898220025466 · Label source: Vitacost · Report a label change
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Our articles on this subject
- Vitamin D2 vs D3: Which Form Raises Your Vitamin D More?Article · Oct 31, 2026
- Peter Attia's Supplement List: What He Takes and What the Trials SayArticle · Sep 20, 2026
Graded October 24, 2026 by the Reverse Age Lab evidence engine, from human studies, real reviews and our biohacker panel. How we grade. Is this medical advice? No. Rala organizes the published evidence; go over any change with your doctor, especially if you take meds.
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