InnovixLabs Vitamin D3 + K2 (with Vitamin A) Review
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Study, Trial or Testing Result Summary
Members Only92 human studies · 30 improved
Vitamin D is at a full dose here, above the daily recommended limit, so members can take less. In people with type 2 diabetes, two large pooled analyses found that vitamin D modestly lowered fasting blood sugar, the long-term blood sugar marker and insulin resistance, most in people who were low in vitamin D [1][2]. In adults with prediabetes it cut the risk of developing diabetes by 15% over about 3 years [3]. In pregnant women it lowered pregnancy diabetes by about 36% [4]. However, a 5 year trial of 22,220 older adults found no significant drop in diabetes risk [5], and another pooled analysis in prediabetes found no change in fasting blood sugar [6]. Vitamin K2 is also at a full dose. A large review ranked vitamin K best for lowering the long-term blood sugar marker, though certainty was moderate to very low [7]. Trials in type 2 diabetes using 90 and 360 micrograms daily lowered blood sugar [8][9], but a review in mostly healthy people found no change [10]. Vitamin A, at a dose whose fit to studies is unclear, did not improve blood sugar in trials [11][12]. Animal and cell studies are never counted.
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- In a review of 884 trials with about 884,000 people, beta-carotene (a vitamin A precursor) raised the risk of death from any cause, death from heart disease, and stroke, while vitamin A itself was not reported to help heart or diabetes risk.Micronutrient Supplementation to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk.
- Across 170 trials of 14,223 people with type 2 diabetes, vitamin K ranked best for lowering long-term blood sugar (HbA1c) and fasting insulin, though the certainty of the evidence ranged from moderate to very low.Comparative effects of vitamin and mineral supplements in the management of type 2 diabetes in primary care: A systemati…
- Across 53 trials of 9,443 pregnant women, vitamin D supplements lowered the risk of gestational diabetes by about 36% and improved blood sugar, blood fat, inflammation and oxidative stress markers.Dietary supplementation for gestational diabetes prevention and management: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled tri…
- In 46 trials of 4,313 people with type 2 diabetes, vitamin D lowered HbA1c by 0.20 points, fasting glucose by 5 mg/dl and insulin resistance, most in people who were deficient and with high doses over a short time.What is the impact of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic control in people with type-2 diabetes: a systematic review …
- In 39 trials of 2,982 people with type 2 diabetes, vitamin D lowered fasting glucose, HbA1c by 0.30 points, insulin resistance and fasting insulin, especially with short-term high doses in deficient or overweight people.Efficacy of vitamin D supplementation on glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes: An updated systematic review and meta-ana…
- In 15 trials of 2,833 pregnant women, two trials of 219 women found no clear difference in gestational diabetes risk between vitamin D and placebo or no treatment, though the evidence was very low quality.Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy.
- In 8 trials with 1,580 people with prediabetes, vitamin D did not change HbA1c, fasting glucose or insulin resistance versus placebo but improved the 2-hour glucose tolerance test result.Association between vitamin D and prediabetes: A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis.
- In seven studies of 813 people, vitamin K supplements modestly lowered fasting blood sugar and insulin resistance but not fasting insulin; higher vitamin K intake was linked to a 21% lower risk of type 2 diabetes in five studies of 105,798 people.The relationship between vitamin K and T2DM: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- In five trials of 533 mostly healthy people, vitamin K supplements did not significantly change fasting blood sugar, insulin, insulin resistance, or blood sugar after a glucose drink.Effect of Vitamin K Supplementation on Glycemic Control: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials.
- A pooled analysis of Iranian studies found vitamin D improved fasting glucose, HbA1c and insulin resistance in people with type 2 diabetes, while gestational diabetes showed gains only in insulin resistance.The effects of vitamin D supplementation on indices of glycemic control in Iranian diabetics: A systematic review and me…
- In 27 trials in pregnant women, vitamin D above 2000 IU a day lowered the risk of gestational diabetes by 30%, but did not change preterm birth or birth weight, and lower doses were enough to reduce preeclampsia.Vitamin D supplementation higher than 2000 IU/day compared to lower dose on maternal-fetal outcome: Systematic review an…
- In three placebo-controlled trials of adults with prediabetes, vitamin D cut the risk of developing type 2 diabetes by 15% over about 3 years and made a return to normal blood sugar 30% more likely.Vitamin D and Risk for Type 2 Diabetes in People With Prediabetes : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Individual …
- An analysis of 15 meta-analyses of trials in women with polycystic ovary syndrome found vitamin D lowered triglycerides, total and LDL cholesterol, but did not change HDL cholesterol, insulin or body mass index.Effect of vitamin D supplementation on lipid profile, and hormonal functions in polycystic ovary syndrome: An umbrella s…
- A network analysis in people with type 2 diabetes found vitamin D was best of the vitamins for lowering HbA1c, with 4,100 to 7,500 IU a day giving the biggest gain in insulin resistance.Network meta-analysis of the effects of combined exercise and vitamin intervention on insulin resistance and related ind…
- In 13 trials, vitamin K improved insulin sensitivity index and CRP, but did not change fasting glucose, fasting insulin, insulin resistance score, cholesterol, or blood pressure.Effect of Vitamin K Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
- In 17 trials, vitamin K lowered insulin resistance more than placebo, with a stronger effect for vitamin K2 than K1, but had no effect on blood glucose, inflammation (CRP), or cholesterol.The effect of vitamin K supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- In a pooled analysis of placebo-controlled trials of antioxidant fats, beta-carotene (a vitamin A precursor) lowered total cholesterol slightly, but no blood sugar benefit was reported for it.Antioxidant Lipid Supplement on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
- A review of 16 reviews covering 250,569 pregnant women found low vitamin D linked to more gestational diabetes, and supplementation in women who already had gestational diabetes reduced some complications in them and their babies.Effects of vitamin D in pregnancy on maternal and offspring health-related outcomes: An umbrella review of systematic re…
- A review of 8 cohort studies and 11 trials found higher vitamin D status linked to lower type 2 diabetes risk, but supplements did not change blood sugar in people with normal glucose or established diabetes, and improved insulin resistance in two trials of people with glucose intolerance.Vitamin D and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review.
- A systematic review of 76 studies found the evidence on vitamin D in pregnancy too inconsistent and low quality to support firm conclusions about maternal blood pressure or blood sugar outcomes.Vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy: a systematic review.
- A review of five studies found no link between vitamin K1 and heart disease or diabetes, while two studies linked higher vitamin K2 intake to fewer heart disease events.Is vitamin K consumption associated with cardio-metabolic disorders? A systematic review.
- A review of twenty-eight studies found conflicting results on whether blood levels of a vitamin K-dependent protective protein are linked to hardening of the arteries, so the link is unclear.Is Matrix Gla Protein Associated with Vascular Calcification? A Systematic Review.
- In nine studies, vitamin K lowered blood sugar and insulin after a glucose drink in people with prediabetes, but showed no effect on fasting blood sugar, insulin, or insulin resistance in two human studies.A systematic review on the mechanisms of vitamin K effects on the complications of diabetes and pre-diabetes.
- A review of 13 articles found that higher vitamin K intake or blood levels were linked to lower type 2 diabetes risk in 5 of 6 observational studies, and vitamin K1 or K2 supplements improved insulin handling in 5 of 6 intervention studies.[Research progress of relationship between vitamin K and type 2 diabetes].
- Five trials of vitamin K found it did not slow the build-up of calcium in the arteries and heart valves; blood sugar was not assessed.Interventions to Attenuate Cardiovascular Calcification Progression: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials.
- In 29,133 male smokers given 20 mg of beta-carotene daily for a median of about 6 years, the rate of new type 2 diabetes was no different from those not taking it.Effect of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplementation on the incidence of type 2 diabetes.
- In 22,220 older US adults followed for about 5.3 years, 2000 IU of vitamin D3 daily did not significantly reduce type 2 diabetes risk compared with placebo, though pooling with prior trials showed a modest reduction.Vitamin D supplementation vs. placebo and incident type 2 diabetes in an ancillary study of the randomized Vitamin D and…
- In the VITAL trial, baseline blood sugar markers predicted later type 2 diabetes and heart disease, and randomization to vitamin D did not change those associations.Biomarkers of glucose-insulin homeostasis and incident type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease: results from the Vita…
- In 355 older adults without diabetes taking 500 micrograms of vitamin K1 daily for 36 months, insulin resistance was lower in men than with placebo, but there was no difference in women.Effect of vitamin K supplementation on insulin resistance in older men and women.
- In 307 infertile men, taking 1400 units of vitamin D3 plus 500 mg calcium daily for 150 days lowered fasting insulin and insulin resistance and raised HDL cholesterol compared with placebo.Vitamin D Supplementation Improves Fasting Insulin Levels and HDL Cholesterol in Infertile Men.
- In 279 people with both diabetes and tuberculosis, 600 mcg of vitamin A daily for 2 months did not change fasting or after-meal blood sugar compared with standard treatment alone.Adjunctive vitamin A and D for the glycaemic control in patients with concurrent type 2 diabetes and tuberculosis: a ran…
- In 239 Italian adults with type 2 diabetes and low vitamin D, six months of vitamin D3 lowered fasting and after-meal glucose and HbA1c compared with placebo, and some patients needed less meds.Vitamin D3 supplementation improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients: Results from an Italian clinical trial…
- In 214 postmenopausal women taking 180 micrograms of vitamin K2 daily for 3 years, body fat did not change overall, but women with a strong vitamin K response had less abdominal fat and higher adiponectin than placebo, with no link to glucose markers.Vitamin K-induced effects on body fat and weight: results from a 3-year vitamin K2 intervention study.
- In 180 people with symptomatic heart artery disease, 360 micrograms of vitamin K2 (MK-7) daily for 2 years slowed the growth of artery calcification compared with placebo.Two Years of Menaquinone-7 Supplementation and Coronary Artery Calcification: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
- In a 12-month placebo-controlled trial of 173 African-American men with prediabetes and low vitamin D, weekly high-dose vitamin D2 raised vitamin D levels but did not improve insulin sensitivity or HbA1c compared with placebo.EFFECT OF HIGH-DOSE VITAMIN D REPLETION ON GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN AFRICAN-AMERICAN MALES WITH PREDIABETES AND HYPOVITAMINOS…
- In 154 adults with diabetes and coronary calcification, 10 mg per day of vitamin K1 for three months did not reduce arterial calcification activity compared with placebo.The effect of Vitamin-K1 and Colchicine on Vascular Calcification Activity in subjects with Diabetes Mellitus (ViKCoVaC)…
- In 149 adults with diabetes, 10 mg per day of vitamin K1 for three months lowered the odds of new calcifying lesions in the coronary arteries and aorta compared with placebo.The effect of vitamin K1 on arterial calcification activity in subjects with diabetes mellitus: a post hoc analysis of a…
- In 148 postmenopausal women, 375 mcg per day of menaquinone-7 for 12 months raised adiponectin but did not change insulin sensitivity compared with placebo.Vitamin K2 (menaquinone-7) increases plasma adiponectin but does not affect insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women:…
- In 130 adults with type 2 diabetes on a med, vitamin D over 6 months improved HbA1c and lowered advanced oxidation protein products at 3 months with higher doses, but did not significantly change insulin resistance.The Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Metabolic and Oxidative Stress Markers in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A 6…
- In a 6-month randomized trial of 102 adults aged 50 to 80 with type 2 diabetes, eating yogurt fortified with 90 mcg of vitamin K2 daily lowered HbA1c, fasting insulin, and insulin resistance and improved grip strength and muscle mass compared with plain yogurt.Vitamin K2 Alleviates Insulin Resistance Associated Skeletal Muscle Atrophy via the AKT/mTOR Signalling Pathway.
- In 100 adults with type 2 diabetes, drinking vitamin D-fortified yogurt twice daily for 12 weeks improved fasting glucose, HbA1c, insulin sensitivity index and blood fats compared with plain yogurt, along with markers of blood vessel lining health.Regular consumption of vitamin D-fortified yogurt drink (Doogh) improved endothelial biomarkers in subjects with type 2 …
- In 78 overweight or obese adults, taking 1,000 IU of vitamin D3 daily for 12 weeks, with or without magnesium, did not improve glucose, insulin or insulin resistance compared with placebo.Combined vitamin D and magnesium supplementation does not influence markers of bone turnover or glycemic control: A rand…
- In 68 adults with type 2 diabetes and heart disease, 360 mcg per day of menaquinone-7 for six months did not reduce artery calcification compared with placebo, though the imaging signal tended to rise.The effect of menaquinone-7 supplementation on vascular calcification in patients with diabetes: a randomized, double-bl…
- In 68 adults with type 2 diabetes and heart disease, 360 mcg of vitamin K2 daily for six months did not slow artery calcium buildup or bone density loss compared with placebo.Six months vitamin K treatment does not affect systemic arterial calcification or bone mineral density in diabetes melli…
- In 68 people with type 2 diabetes, 360 mcg of vitamin K2 (as MK-7) daily for 12 weeks lowered fasting blood sugar and the three-month blood sugar average compared with placebo, but did not change cholesterol levels.Glycemic control improvement in individuals with type 2 diabetes with vitamin K2 supplementation: a randomized controlle…
- In 68 adults with type 2 diabetes, 360 micrograms of vitamin K2 (MK-7) daily for 12 weeks did not improve insulin resistance-related heart risk indexes compared with placebo after accounting for baseline values.Effects of vitamin K2 supplementation on atherogenic status of individuals with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled…
- In 68 adults with type 2 diabetes, 360 mcg per day of menaquinone-7 for six months did not change the blood's resistance to calcification compared with placebo.The effect of six-month oral vitamin K supplementation on calcification propensity time in individuals with type 2 diabe…
- In 66 overweight people with diabetes and heart disease, taking vitamin K with vitamin D and calcium twice daily for 12 weeks reduced artery wall thickening, insulin resistance and inflammation compared with placebo.The effects of vitamin D, K and calcium co-supplementation on carotid intima-media thickness and metabolic status in ove…
- In 55 vitamin D-deficient women with polycystic ovary syndrome, taking vitamin K with calcium and vitamin D twice daily for 8 weeks lowered insulin levels and insulin resistance compared with placebo.The Effects of Calcium, Vitamins D and K co-Supplementation on Markers of Insulin Metabolism and Lipid Profiles in Vitam…
- In 50 burn patients, a tube feeding recipe containing vitamin A among many other nutrients reduced wound infection and was linked to better glucose tolerance, though that glucose change was not statistically significant.Differential effects of three enteral dietary regimens on selected outcome variables in burn patients.
- In 30 adults, a four-week diet high in leafy green vegetables (vitamin K1 rich) did not worsen blood pressure, blood sugar, or lipid levels in people whose uncarboxylated osteocalcin dropped.Association between Circulating Osteocalcin and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors following a 4-Week Leafy Green Vitamin K-Ri…
- In 30 boys aged 6-10, six months of a fruit and vegetable concentrate raised beta-carotene and lowered insulin resistance in overweight boys and reduced abdominal fat compared with placebo.Insulin resistance and adiposity in relation to serum β-carotene levels.
- In a small feasibility trial of 30 people with early rheumatoid arthritis, individualized diet and exercise counselling produced only non-significant trends in LDL cholesterol and vitamin A intake over 6 months.Personalized diet and exercise recommendations in early rheumatoid arthritis: A feasibility trial.
- In 30 patients with hard-to-heal wounds, a multi-nutrient supplement taken for 4 weeks helped wounds heal and did not change blood glucose.Hard-to-heal wounds: a randomised trial of an oral proline-containing supplement to aid repair.
- In 20 children with obesity, six months of mixed carotenoids raised beta-carotene and adiponectin and reduced BMI z-score and fat under the skin compared with placebo; insulin resistance results were not clearly reported.Effects of Mixed Carotenoids on Adipokines and Abdominal Adiposity in Children: A Pilot Study.
- In 16 adults with type 2 diabetes and low vitamin D, 12 weeks of vitamin D3 (280 mcg daily for 2 weeks, then 140 mcg daily) raised vitamin D levels but did not improve insulin sensitivity or HbA1c compared with placebo; there were only borderline gains in insulin secretion.Effects of 12 weeks high dose vitamin D3 treatment on insulin sensitivity, beta cell function, and metabolic markers in …
- In 12 healthy men, the gut hormone GLP-2 released stored fat particles into the blood, raising triglycerides and apoB-48 compared with placebo.Glucagon-like peptide-2 regulates release of chylomicrons from the intestine.
- Over 24 months, 4000 IU of vitamin D3 daily did not improve insulin sensitivity or insulin-producing cell function in overweight adults with prediabetes overall, though people starting with very low vitamin D levels (below 12 ng/mL) showed a benefit.Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion in Prediabetes.
- In 100 Tunisian adults with type 2 diabetes and low vitamin D, three months of vitamin D supplementation raised vitamin D levels but did not significantly improve blood sugar control or insulin resistance.Influence of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic control in type 2 diabetics.
- Vitamin A was used only as a tracer to label fat particles after a meal, not as a supplement. In 39 people, bezafibrate improved fat clearance in 15 of 23 men with low good cholesterol, while gemfibrozil and a med also cleared these fat particles better in their groups; the study does not report a dose or duration.Read the study on PubMed (9888646) →
- In a small case-control study of 18 people with type 2 diabetes, lower vitamin D was linked to more microvascular complications such as nerve, eye, and kidney damage.Vitamin D levels and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes.
- In 96 dialysis patients, 375 micrograms of vitamin K2 (MK-7) daily for 24 weeks did not change overall artery stiffness versus standard care, but it significantly reduced stiffness in patients with diabetes.Effect of Menaquinone-7 Supplementation on Arterial Stiffness in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients: A Multicenter Randomized…
- In 50 people with Cushing's disease who were low in vitamin D, a single large vitamin D3 dose followed by six weeks of treatment improved insulin sensitivity and raised vitamin D levels, compared with their own starting values.Vitamin D Deficiency in Cushing's Disease: Before and After Its Supplementation.
- In a 30-year cohort of 29,104 men, higher serum retinol was linked to 17-32% lower risk of death from heart and blood vessel disease and other causes compared with the lowest levels.Association between serum retinol and overall and cause-specific mortality in a 30-year prospective cohort study.
- In a cohort of 25,505 middle-aged male smokers followed for about 10 years, dietary carotenoids and vitamin C were not associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes.Intake of antioxidants and risk of type 2 diabetes in a cohort of male smokers.
- A genetic analysis of over 10,000 people in China found no causal link between genetically higher vitamin D levels and type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, or blood sugar measures.Vitamin D, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis.
- In a large survey of Hispanic and Latino adults without diabetes, those eating the most vitamin D from food had lower insulin resistance, but their two-hour blood sugar after a glucose drink was higher, and HbA1c showed no link.Vitamin D, Calcium, Magnesium, and Potassium Consumption and Markers of Glucose Metabolism in the Hispanic Community Hea…
- In a cross-sectional survey of 5,804 adults in Zhejiang, older age, being overweight or obese, high blood pressure, and higher triglycerides were linked to greater diabetes risk; the abstract reports no vitamin A finding.Factors influencing type 2 diabetes in adults: a cross-sectional study.
- In a Chinese cohort of 5,543 adults followed for about 3.9 years, lower blood vitamin D was not linked to a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes.25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes from a Chinese Cohort Study.
- In 5,488 women in the Women's Health Initiative, higher estimated beta-carotene intake was associated with somewhat lower risks of some heart outcomes and diabetes, but the differences were modest.Application of blood concentration biomarkers in nutritional epidemiology: example of carotenoid and tocopherol intake i…
- In 2,160 people in Tehran, higher blood vitamin D levels were linked to lower insulin resistance and better blood sugar measures, though this study did not test supplements.The association of vitamin D levels and insulin resistance.
- In older adults at high heart risk followed for about five and a half years, each extra 100 micrograms of daily dietary vitamin K1 was linked to a 17% lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes.Dietary phylloquinone intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in elderly subjects at high risk of cardiovascular disease.
- In a 30-year study of 1,843 middle-aged men, the highest dietary beta-carotene intake was linked to a non-significant 16% lower stroke risk compared with the lowest intake, so the study did not show a clear protective effect.Dietary vitamin C, beta-carotene and 30-year risk of stroke: results from the Western Electric Study.
- In 912 people from western India, low vitamin D was not associated with HbA1c or insulin resistance in either people with type 2 diabetes or non-diabetic controls.Does vitamin D play a significant role in type 2 diabetes?
- In a cross-sectional study of 747 Chinese adults, higher blood levels of beta-carotene were linked to lower odds of diabetes, and alpha-carotene was linked to lower odds of diabetic eye damage in non-smokers.Serum Carotenoids and Risks of Diabetes and Diabetic Retinopathy in a Chinese Population Sample.
- In 512 women aged 65 and older, retinol and most carotenoids showed no link to estradiol, while beta-carotene was inversely linked to estradiol; the study did not measure heart or blood sugar outcomes.Relationship between Carotenoids, Retinol, and Estradiol Levels in Older Women.
- In 360 Iranian women, higher diet-quality scores for vitamin A were associated with lower fasting blood sugar, though this cross-sectional study cannot show cause.The Association Between Fasting Blood Sugar and Index of Nutritional Quality in Adult Women.
- In pregnant South African women, vitamin D levels did not change between visits, while some vitamin D metabolites were linked to blood sugar and insulin measures in mixed directions.Longitudinal changes in vitamin D and its metabolites in pregnant South Africans.
- In 235 people with type 2 diabetes, low vitamin D levels were not linked to diabetic eye damage or its severity.Is there any correlation between vitamin D insufficiency and diabetic retinopathy?
- In 234 young Indian military recruits, higher vitamin D was linked to lower fasting blood glucose, but not to insulin resistance, cholesterol, or triglycerides.Vitamin D, body mass composition and metabolic risk factors in healthy young Indians.
- In 227 obese Mexican children and adolescents, those with low vitamin D had higher fasting insulin and insulin resistance than those with sufficient levels.Vitamin D status and its relation to insulin resistance in a Mexican pediatric population.
- In 180 middle-aged adults, low vitamin D was linked to higher odds of type 2 diabetes, but higher vitamin D levels were also associated with higher blood sugar and insulin resistance measures, so the pattern was inconsistent.Association of vitamin D deficiency with insulin resistance in middle-aged type 2 diabetics.
- In 174 adults with prediabetes or normal glucose tolerance, higher levels of vitamin D binding protein were linked to nerve control of the heart and body fat, but this study did not test any vitamin D supplement.Vitamin D binding protein is related to cardiac autonomic function and metabolic status in prediabetes.
- In 127 women with recurrent pregnancy loss, vitamin D levels were not significantly linked to insulin levels or insulin resistance, although women with higher insulin resistance had lower vitamin D.Glucose/insulin metabolism and vitamin D in women with recurrent pregnancy loss.
- In 106 people after acute pancreatitis, habitual carotene intake (alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, total carotene) was associated with insulin-producing cell function in those with new prediabetes or diabetes, but not with fasting glucose or insulin resistance; the direction of effect is not stated.Relationship between Habitual Intake of Vitamins and New-Onset Prediabetes/Diabetes after Acute Pancreatitis.
- Children with type 1 diabetes had lower vitamin A and higher retinol-binding protein than matched healthy children, and those with poor blood sugar control had more atherogenic lipid ratios.Vitamin A, retinol binding protein and lipids in type 1 diabetes mellitus.
- In 60 men, those with type 2 diabetes had larger rises in fatty particles in the blood after a fatty meal than healthy controls, but this did not separate diabetics with heart disease from those without it.Abnormal metabolism of postprandial lipoproteins in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is not related…
- In 57 people with type 2 diabetes and obesity, retinol (vitamin A) was less often low in those with kidney damage than in those without it, while higher blood beta-carotene was linked to lower blood sugar.[Vitamin supply of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by nephropathy].
- In a small cross-sectional study of 25 pregnant women with gestational diabetes in Japan, dietary vitamin K intake was linked to fewer depression symptoms, while blood sugar measures were not significantly linked to depression scores.Factors associated with symptoms of depression among pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus in Japan.
- After a single vitamin A dose with a meal, people with type 2 diabetes had higher postprandial retinyl palmitate in smaller triglyceride-rich lipoproteins than people with normal glucose tolerance.Differences in postprandial lipemia between patients with normal glucose tolerance and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mel…
- In rats fed a high-sugar diet, vitamin D3 lowered blood glucose and improved insulin release during a glucose load, and lab work suggests this works by calming inflammation in insulin-producing cells.Vitamin D protects against high glucose-induced pancreatic β-cell dysfunction via AMPK-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.
- Lower circulating vitamin K1 was linked to more vascular inflammation and insulin resistance in people with type 2 diabetes, and in diabetic mice vitamin K1 supplementation for 8 weeks reduced blood sugar, insulin resistance and inflammatory markers.Prophylactic role of vitamin K supplementation on vascular inflammation in type 2 diabetes by regulating the NF-κB/Nrf2 …
Review Totals and Summary
Members Only859 reviews · 95% positive
Extensive customer reviews and qualitative feedback are currently being aggregated for this product. Check back soon for a detailed sentiment analysis.
Biohacker Summary
Members Only0 of 10 recommend it
Vitamin D is the main ingredient here, and most of the panel recommends it or takes it, with all nine who spoke about it either recommending, using, or describing it favorably. They take it for brain and mood, bone health, immune function, and to correct low levels, and several aim for blood levels well above the usual cutoff, with targets such as 40 to 50, 50 to 80, or 60 to 100 ng/mL. Three panelists say they take 5,000 IU of D3 in the morning, and several say to take it with dietary fat for better absorption, with one advising against taking it with other supplements first thing in the morning. Vitamin K2 is the other main ingredient: several say to pair it with D3 so calcium goes to bones and away from arteries, and two panelists take 90 to 100 mcg in the morning. One panelist cautions that for most things there is no point supplementing unless you are deficient, and vitamin A is a smaller ingredient in this product that was only mentioned in passing as a fat-soluble vitamin that supports skin.
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Dr. Eric Berg · Vitamin D · neutral
- Lists Vitamin D as an ingredient found in sardines.
- Mentions that the body relies on healthy fats to absorb essential vitamins like A, D, E, and K, which help support skin health, moisture, and normal cell function.
- Recommends Vitamin D3 because it's nearly impossible to get enough from food and most people don't get enough sun, advising to aim for blood levels of at least 50 to 80 ng/mL.
- Dr. Berg states that when nutrients like vitamin D are too low, fatigue and weakness can follow.
- Warns against generic multivitamins, stating they are often full of fillers and synthetics.
- Recommends pairing Vitamin D3 with K2, stating that K2 helps keep calcium out of soft tissues.
- Recommends focusing on vitamin D3 to support stronger bones if a neck hump is associated with osteoporosis.
- Recommends a minimum of 10,000 IU of vitamin D per day to support natural killer cells.
- Recommends focusing on vitamin K2 to support stronger bones if a neck hump is associated with osteoporosis.
- Suggests that increasing vitamin D3 may help address the underlying problem of bruxism.
- Dr. Berg warns that the recommended daily intake for vitamin D is based on a massive error and that the actual necessary amount is closer to 8,895 IU, with millions remaining deficient.
- States that magnesium is needed to absorb vitamin D.
- Recommends getting vitamin D levels tested to ensure they are between 50 and 70, as vitamin D is intimately involved in regulating prostate size.
- Discusses foods that contain Vitamin K2.
Dr. Rhonda Patrick · Vitamin D · neutral
- Notes that vitamin D from sunlight, food, or supplements needs to undergo conversions in the liver and kidneys to become its active hormone form, calcitriol.
- States that Vitamin D supplementation has been associated with a 40% lower dementia risk, and low levels are linked to a 50 to 80% higher risk.
- Mentions vitamin K as one of the micronutrients found in multivitamins that people often don't get enough of from their diets.
- Recommends getting adequate vitamin D, noting that people taking vitamin D supplements have a 40% lower risk of dementia, while those with lower vitamin D have a 50-80% higher risk.
- Vitamin D supplementation was linked to a 40% lower risk of dementia in an observational study of more than 12,000 older adults.
- Mentions that vitamin D also plays a role in maintaining muscle mass.
- Recommends ensuring adequate vitamin D intake for men's sperm health.
- Vitamin D and strength training alone did not, but adding them strengthened the effect on one clock, with the full combination slowing that measure by ~3.8 months.
- Lutein and zeaxanthin can also be obtained from certain multivitamins.
- Lutein and zeaxanthin can also be obtained from certain multivitamins.
- Lutein and zeaxanthin can also be obtained from certain multivitamins.
- Recommends Vitamin D, noting it regulates over 5% of the genome, including genes involved in immune defense, neurotransmitter synthesis, and longevity, and correcting deficiency may slow epigenetic aging.
- Uses Vitamin D3 as an example of a supplement that an AI model could track to see its impact on other metrics like glucose levels.
- Mentions that kale delivers vitamin K, a micronutrient many diets fall short on.
Dave Asprey · Vitamin K · recommends
- Explains that Vitamin K2 acts as a traffic cop for calcium, waving it into bones and away from arteries, and that grass-fed butter is one of the only foods with a real amount of K2.
- Takes Vitamin DAKE from Suppgrade Labs.
- Suggests that vitamin D supports brain health, muscle function, and focus.
- Host Dave Asprey explains why correcting a vitamin D deficiency still makes sense for male fertility, even though supplementation did not improve overall semen parameters in a randomized trial.
- Recommends taking vitamin K2 with vitamin D to keep calcium in the bones, and suggests kids also take it for stronger bones.
- Recommends Vitamin K2, stating it supports healthy calcium metabolism.
- States that currently, he is only taking vitamin C and vitamin D.
- Recommends adding vitamin K2 to vitamin D supplementation.
- Recommends vitamin D, noting it's actually a hormone and that most people are deficient, even those who take it, because they don't take enough.
- States that most people on the spectrum are low in vitamin D and need more of it, mentioning his own product, Vitam DAKNE, which contains real vitamin A.
- Recommends real vitamin A for people on the spectrum, noting that many cannot convert plant vitamin A and need the good stuff he includes in his Vitam DAKNE product.
- Dave Asprey recommends Vitamin D3 with K2, explaining D3 is a hormone made from sunlight and K2 directs calcium into bones, not arteries, highlighting its low cost, widespread deficiency, and the ability to test its effectiveness.
- Mentions that natto is a good source of vitamin K2, which is probably its primary benefit.
- Recommends Vitamin D as one of the most important supplements for overall health.
Thomas DeLauer · Vitamin K · recommends
- Recommends taking Vitamin K2 with Vitamin D3 in the morning, along with morning fats, to ensure calcium is directed to the bones and not deposited in arteries or soft tissue.
- Recommends taking Vitamin D3 in the morning, between 6:00 and 10:00 a.m., to align with the body's natural metabolic activation phase and sunlight-triggered vitamin D production.
- Uses vitamin D3 in the fall and winter months when getting less sun, as it's important to supplement it then.
- Recommends taking a massive amount of vitamin D simultaneously with an early morning massive breakfast to help reset circadian rhythms and address hyperphagia.
- Recommends Vitamin D, stating that it has receptors throughout the brain and deficiency can quickly impact brain and mood.
- Takes supplemental vitamin D because he is skin sensitive and from northern latitudes, limiting his UV exposure.
- Recommends taking vitamin D on non-liver days to ensure both nutrients get proper receptor access.
- Takes Purity's liquid vitamin D3 with K2 because she is constantly inside during the day; D3 is for overall wellness and K2 helps the body absorb calcium properly.
- Recommends getting vitamin D, suggesting it can be obtained while walking.
- States that vitamin D is best obtained from the sun, but getting it from food definitely helps, and notes its role as a hormone influencing many cells.
- Recommends D3, suggesting a dose of 2000-4000 IU, and notes that MK-7 slowed bone loss over three years.
- Recommends vitamin A, obtainable from eggs, dairy, and liver, as a raw material for goblet cells to produce mucus.
- Recommends using a multivitamin to ensure adequate micronutrient intake, especially when wholesome food is less available.
- Recommends using a multivitamin to ensure adequate micronutrient intake, especially when wholesome food is less available.
Dr. Mark Hyman · Vitamin D · uses
- Consumes Zetopia's Atlantic salmon to get Vitamin D, particularly in the winter months, as it is one of the few foods that provides both Omega-3s and Vitamin D.
- Mentions that the body makes vitamin D from sunlight exposure, and a deficiency can hinder calcium absorption, which is crucial for strong bones.
- Recommends Vitamin D for health, stating that amazing things happen when patients' vitamin D statuses reach optimal levels.
- Mentions vitamin D as an existing biomarker that plays a role in mental health, which Function Health includes in their measurements.
- Notes that vitamin D plays a role in immune function.
- Mentions that vitamin A levels can be looked at to get a deep sense of what's happening with nutrient levels.
- Recommends checking vitamin D levels and states that if they had to pick one single intervention for immune health, vitamin D would be it.
- Dr. Hyman discusses vitamin D in relation to sun exposure patterns.
- States that vitamin D supplementation can help with oxidative stress.
- Mentions vitamin D as a key nutrient for supporting immune function.
- States that vitamin D is probably the single most important intervention for immune health, recommending levels of 45 to 70 and emphasizing testing to determine the right dose.
- Recommends taking 50,000 units of vitamin A for three to five days right at the onset of symptoms if one feels they might be getting sick.
- Notes that night blindness is caused by vitamin A deficiency.
- Mentions vitamin A as something that might be helpful for gut repair.
Siim Land · Vitamin D · recommends
- Advises against taking vitamin D in the morning with other supplements because it is fat soluble and requires dietary fat for better absorption.
- Recommends taking Vitamin D with fat for better absorption.
- States that Vitamin D connects biology to light and that UVB reaching the skin enables its production.
- Notes that Vitamin K2 helps activate proteins involved in bone mineralization and calcium regulation.
- Mentions that prunes contain vitamin K, which is a factor in their ability to help with bone density.
- Recommends Vitamin K2 for bone health and calcium metabolism, based primarily on human research, especially randomized controlled trials showing measurable benefits.
- Lists Vitamin K2 as one of 15 supplements backed by human studies.
- Lists leafy greens as a source of Vitamin K1.
- Lists liver and carrots as sources of Vitamin A.
- Thinks vitamin D has some of the strongest evidence and is worth considering.
- Notes that Vitamin K2 pairs well with vitamin D by regulating calcium and bone mineralization.
- Thinks vitamin K2 has some of the strongest evidence and is worth considering.
- Notes that Vitamin K2 pairs well with vitamin D by regulating calcium and bone mineralization.
- Recommends taking vitamin D supplements with some fat to maximize its absorption, suggesting with food or a teaspoon of olive oil.
Ben Greenfield · Vitamin D · recommends
- Notes that Vitamin D is actually a hormone and recommends patients aim for levels around 40 to 50, or even 60 for fracture healing, for optimal healing, as opposed to just above 20 which is considered normal.
- Notes that Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that supports healthy skin cell turnover.
- Mentions vitamin D as part of a bare-minimum protocol.
- Advises getting vitamin D levels between 60 and 100 nanograms per milliliter as a minimum step for overall health and to slow down heart disease.
- Discusses vitamin K2, specifically the menaquinone forms, as crucial for arterial health and notes that it breaks down into MK-4 and MK-7.
- Explains that gut bacteria liberate K from the diet or make the K needed, and that poor absorption of vitamin K due to bacterial imbalances is linked to heart disease.
- Has been taking Vitamin D3 K2 for over a decade.
- Notes that sunlight influences more than just vitamin D production.
- Recommends keeping vitamin D levels high, suggesting that a supplement is probably not a bad idea, especially given that many people are deficient due to spending most of their time indoors.
- Recommends taking vitamin K complex as a co-factor to increase vitamin D absorption.
- Recommends getting enough vitamin D for blood pressure management.
- Recommends optimizing vitamin D levels to a serum score of around 50 to 80 nanograms per milliliter, as deficiency is linked to tinnitus volume and can assist with it.
- Recommends using hormone building blocks like vitamin D for hormone optimization.
- Notes that vitamin D deficiency is the most common deficiency.
Bryan Johnson · Vitamin K · uses
- Takes 90 mcg of Vitamin K2 in the morning for general health.
- Takes 5000 IU of Vitamin D3 in the morning for general health.
- Takes 5000 IU of Vitamin D3 in the morning for general health.
- Mentions that the sunlight assessment claims low vitamin D levels cause the immune system to misfire, and notes that their vitamin D has been measured.
- Takes 100 mcg of Vitamin K2 in the morning for longevity.
- Takes 5000 IU of Vitamin D3 in the morning for longevity.
- He takes 100 mcg of Vitamin K2 in the morning for general health.
- He takes 5000 IU of Vitamin D3 in the morning for general health.
- Takes 5000 IU of Vitamin D3 in the morning for general health.
- Takes 100 mcg of Vitamin K2 in the morning for longevity.
- Takes 5,000 IU of Vitamin D3 in the morning for longevity.
- Takes 90 mcg of Vitamin K2 in the morning.
- Takes 5,000 IU of Vitamin D3 in the morning.
- Takes 100 mcg of Vitamin K2 in the morning.
Andrew Huberman · Vitamin D · neutral
- Notes that most people are probably deficient in vitamin D and benefit from supplementing, but there's no point in doing it unless you're deficient for most things.
- Takes 5,000 IU of Vitamin D3 in the morning for longevity.
- Takes 90 mcg of Vitamin K2 in the morning for longevity.
- Takes 5000 IU of Vitamin D3 in the morning for general health.
- States that Vitamin D is one of the critical nutrients with the best evidence for cognitive function and reducing the risk of dementia.
- Takes 5000 IU of Vitamin D3 in the morning.
- Takes 90 mcg of Vitamin K2 in the morning.
- He takes 5,000 IU of Vitamin D3 in the morning for overall health.
- He takes 90 mcg of Vitamin K2 in the morning for overall health.
- Takes 5000 IU of Vitamin D3 in the morning.
- Takes 100 mcg of Vitamin K2 in the morning.
- Takes 5,000 IU of Vitamin D3 in the morning for general health.
- Takes 90 mcg of Vitamin K2 in the morning for general health.
- Takes 5000 IU of Vitamin D3 every day for longevity.
Peter Attia · Vitamin D · uses
- Lists vitamin D as one of her staple supplements.
- Notes that several studies show patients taking vitamin D can reduce TPO levels and prolong the honeymoon period of Hashimoto's disease.
- States that in mouse studies, there was a combined effect of alpha ketoglutarate with vitamin D for both sexes.
- Notes that in mouse studies, there was a combined effect of alpha ketoglutarate with vitamin A for male mice.
- Uses vitamin D as an example of how people might dismiss its efficacy due to failed clinical trials that didn't adjust the dose or measure levels.
- In mouse studies, Peter Attia's team found a combined effect of AKG with Vitamin D for both sexes.
- In mouse studies, Peter Attia's team found a combined effect of AKG with Vitamin A for male mice.
- Suggests that supplementing with lots of vitamin D might help overcome the negative effects of phenytoin on bone health by improving calcium absorption, though he is unaware of studies on this.
- Recommends Vitamin D3 as one of the 'big three' micronutrients for bone health, suggesting a daily intake of 800 to 1,000 IU, which can be obtained through sunlight or supplementation.
- Suggests that supplementing with lots of vitamin D might overcome the negative effects of phenytoin on bone health by counteracting increased catabolism of vitamin D and subsequent decreased calcium absorption.
- Recommends vitamin D for people who tend to be vitamin D deficient, such as those living in Portland, Oregon.
- Mentions that a lot of the profound transformation of a cell into a sperm, specifically the making of a tail, is vitamin A driven.
- Discusses evaluating vitamin D, understanding deficiency, and optimal levels.
- Notes that antioxidants like vitamins A, C, and E have been looked at for cataract formation but have shown no effect.
RAL Summary
Members OnlyTier 2 for Blood Sugar
Pooled human trials show vitamin D modestly improves blood sugar and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes and lowers diabetes risk in prediabetes, with vitamin K2 adding supporting trials, and 95% of 859 reviews are positive [1][2][3].
Where the evidence disagrees: 39 of the 92 human studies found no effect.
More Details
Members OnlyBody systems · Combine with · Possible side effects
Body systems: Endocrine system, Metabolic system, Cardiovascular system
Combine with: Combine with a healthy diet and lifestyle.
Possible side effects: No major side effects reported. The vitamin D dose is above the daily recommended limit, so members may choose to take less.
Supplement Facts
Vitamin D3 125 mcg · Vitamin K2 600 mcg · Vitamin A 900 mcg
| Vitamin D3 | 125 mcg | |
| Vitamin K2 | 600 mcg | |
| Vitamin A | 900 mcg |
Directions: 1 Capsule Daily
Label source: Reverseagelab · Report a label change
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Our articles on this subject
- How to Lower Blood Sugar Naturally: A Comprehensive GuideArticle · Sep 9, 2026
- Vitamin D2 vs D3: Which Form Raises Your Vitamin D More?Article · Oct 31, 2026
Graded November 10, 2026 by the Reverse Age Lab evidence engine, from human studies, real reviews and our biohacker panel. How we grade. Is this medical advice? No. Rala organizes the published evidence; go over any change with your doctor, especially if you take meds.
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