Thorne Multi-Vitamin Elite P.M. Review
Thorne Multi-Vitamin Elite P.M. is the evening half of a two-bottle, doctor-channel multivitamin system. The other half is the A.M. formula. The retailer and brand pages I found describe the system as built for athletes and active people. Each bottle is dosed at three capsules per serving. The P.M. capsules are meant to be taken in the evening, with or after dinner. The A.M. capsules cover daytime energy and nutrient needs. The P.M. formula is built around recovery, relaxation and sleep, and it leaves out the energizing ingredients. Product pages describe four main features of the P.M. formula: - It contains Relora®, a proprietary blend of magnolia and phellodendron bark extracts. - It includes extra magnesium. - It is positioned as a way to support rest and recovery overnight. - It is described as helping with sleep quality. Relora is described as down-regulating evening cortisol. Cortisol is the stress hormone that, when elevated at night, can bring on anxious feelings, interfere with sleep and work against weight-management goals. Thorne's listing says Relora has been shown to curb late-night cravings. Magnesium acts in several ways. It is a cofactor in hundreds of enzymatic reactions. It supports normal muscle relaxation by counterbalancing calcium-driven contraction. It modulates GABA and NMDA receptor activity in the nervous system, which promotes calm and a healthy sleep cycle. The listing also cites a trial in which athletes taking the P.M. formula fell asleep faster and achieved better sleep quality. I did not check that trial myself, and it is a brand-cited result. The wider Elite system uses bioavailable, active nutrient forms. Customers repeatedly highlight this. Active forms are vitamins that are already in the form the body uses, so they depend less on conversion and absorption. That matters for people with absorption differences, such as certain genetic variants. The formula also includes minerals, antioxidants and vitamin K. One reviewer valued the vitamin K for managing calcium intake. Splitting the nutrients between morning and evening keeps stimulating B-vitamin and energy-pathway support in the day. It moves calming, restorative nutrients to the evening, which follows the body's circadian rhythm. Thorne also positions itself as meeting professional-grade purity and potency standards, and it is known for third-party-tested, NSF Certified for Sport-type products. I did not confirm certification for this specific item. The listings describe the product as gluten-free and dairy-free. Because it is a high-dose multivitamin, people who are pregnant, take medication or have a medical condition should consult a clinician first. Magnolia and phellodendron extracts can interact with sedatives, so that applies especially to the P.M. capsules.
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Study, Trial or Testing Result Summary
Members Only214 human studies · 89 improved
13 of these 214 human studies gave the ingredient by drip, injection or inhaler, not by mouth.
At a full dose, magnesium has mixed but mostly positive studies, with gains seen in people with health conditions. Water giving 80 milligrams a day for 4 weeks reduced fatigue in adults with metabolic conditions [1]. Ten weeks of magnesium improved energy in women with polycystic ovary syndrome [2]. Magnesium injections improved energy in 12 of 15 people with chronic fatigue syndrome, against 3 of 17 on placebo [3]. Other trials, including one in fibromyalgia, found no benefit [4]. Selenium is also at a full dose. It eased tiredness most in people who ate little selenium [5], but a six-year trial in healthy adults found no change in vitality [6]. Vitamin C reaches its studied dose only at two servings a day. It helped mainly people low in vitamin C [7]. Vitamin D needs four servings a day to reach its studied dose. It eased fatigue in tired people who were low in it [8], but not in a very large trial of older women [9]. Vitamin A, vitamin E, gamma-tocopherol, calcium, lutein and boron are far below the doses studied. Iodine and chromium showed no energy benefit [10][11]. Animal and cell studies are never counted.
See all 214 studies →Hide the studies
- A review of 32 studies of phone apps for osteoporosis self-management found no clear effect on fatigue or on calcium intake; this was not a test of calcium supplements.Digital Health Technologies for Long-term Self-management of Osteoporosis: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
- Across 16 trials with 6276 people, B12 with or without folic acid showed no effect on thinking or depression, and only one study looked at fatigue so it could not be analysed.Effects of Vitamin B12 Supplementation on Cognitive Function, Depressive Symptoms, and Fatigue: A Systematic Review, Met…
- In 21 trials of 3177 adults with lupus, vitamin D lowered disease activity scores compared with placebo; twelve studies reported benefits including less fatigue, while nine found no significant effect.A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Vitamin D on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
- In 16 studies of 616 people with multiple sclerosis and 655 healthy people, folate and B12 blood levels did not differ, suggesting they are not drivers of worse physical function; this was not a supplement trial.The Relationship of Cobalamin and/or Folate to the Patient-Centred Outcomes in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review a…
- In two placebo-controlled trials of 404 adults with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A, ascorbic acid at two doses over 12 to 24 months had little meaningful effect on fatigue.Interventions for fatigue in peripheral neuropathy.
- In five trials of 345 people with multiple sclerosis, vitamin D reduced fatigue slightly more than control.Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
- A review of studies in people with chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia found lower blood vitamin E than in healthy people (not in high-quality studies), and supplement trials did not improve symptoms.Vitamin and mineral status in chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Across 51 trials in people with rheumatoid arthritis, a group of supplements including zinc sulfate modestly improved disease activity scores, but fatigue and energy were not reported separately for zinc.Non-pharmacological interventions in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
- A review of 26 trials in 3,273 people with chronic fatigue syndrome found most supplements did not help, but magnesium and NADH showed benefit, though the trials were small and at high risk of bias.Complementary and alternative medicine for patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: a systematic review.
- In a review of 23 studies of 1230 cancer patients, zinc had no effect on fatigue, quality of life, weight or survival.Zinc as a complementary treatment for cancer patients: a systematic review.
- A review of 14 small, high-risk-of-bias studies (809 people with chronic fatigue syndrome) found some supplements, including a CoQ10-selenium combination, reduced fatigue, but flaws in the studies prevent firm conclusions.Dietary Supplementation for Fatigue Symptoms in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS)-A Systematic…
- Across nine studies of 720 people, three of four controlled trials found intravenous vitamin C lowered fatigue scores more than control, and four of five uncontrolled studies saw fatigue fall.Feasibility of Vitamin C in the Treatment of Post Viral Fatigue with Focus on Long COVID, Based on a Systematic Review o…
- In a review of ten studies of 240 children and young people with rheumatic conditions, a placebo-controlled vitamin D study showed less fatigue, but overall evidence for reducing fatigue was insufficient and most studies had high risk of bias.Reducing fatigue in pediatric rheumatic conditions: a systematic review.
- A review of 37 trials in people with multiple sclerosis reported that both trials of vitamin A found improvements in clinical or biological outcomes (such as fatigue) compared with control, but trials were small and few.The effect of emerging nutraceutical interventions for clinical and biological outcomes in multiple sclerosis: A systema…
- A review of 37 studies in cancer patients found intravenous vitamin C may ease fatigue and other symptoms, but the evidence is preliminary and mostly uncontrolled.Intravenous Vitamin C and Cancer: A Systematic Review.
- A review of supplements for football players said vitamin C may improve performance by lowering oxidative stress, but gave no numbers and called for more research.The efficacy of dietary supplements on health status and performance of football players: a systematic review.
- In a review of four lupus trials, three found vitamin D reduced disease activity and improved inflammatory markers, fatigue and blood vessel function, while one found no improvement in disease activity.Effect of vitamin D supplementation on patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review.
- In a review of six studies in people with multiple sclerosis, most found vitamin D improved mental health and quality of life, with fatigue assessed only as an additional outcome.Vitamin D Supplementation and Mental Health in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Systematic Review.
- In a review of 14 diet trials in lupus, vitamin D improved inflammatory markers but not disease activity in most studies, and fatigue improvement was reported only for a low glycaemic index diet.Diet and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): From Supplementation to Intervention.
- In a review of five studies of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy, vitamin D was described as safe and as easing side effects including fatigue, though the studies were too varied to compare.A Systematic Review of Vitamin D Supplementation in Oncology: Chance of Science or Effectiveness?
- In a review of four diet trials in people with multiple sclerosis lasting 3 to 12 months, two diets supplying enough folate and magnesium reported improved fatigue, but firm conclusions were not possible.Is there an effect of dietary intake on MS-related fatigue? - A systematic literature review.
- A review of 38 articles found muscle symptoms including fatigue improved after selenium in 18 of 19 patients on tube or intravenous feeding or with poor absorption, but in low-selenium soil areas selenium and placebo worked similarly.Skeletal muscle disorders associated with selenium deficiency in humans.
- Nine trials of carotenoids and other supplements for nearsightedness found modest gains in eye pigment and less visual fatigue, but no consistent slowing of myopia, and this did not measure general energy.Nutritional Supplementation for Myopia Prevention and Control: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.
- In 34,157 postmenopausal women given 400 IU vitamin D plus 1000 mg calcium daily or placebo for about 5.7 years, energy and fatigue did not differ between groups.Calcium and vitamin D supplementation do not influence menopause-related symptoms: Results of the Women's Health Initiat…
- In 8112 healthy French adults taking a daily antioxidant capsule (including 6 mg beta-carotene) for about 6 years, quality of life, including vitality, did not differ from placebo.Long-term antioxidant supplementation has no effect on health-related quality of life: the randomized, double-blind, pla…
- In 1078 HIV-positive pregnant women in Tanzania, vitamin A had no effect on depression or quality of life including vitality, while a B-complex, C and E multivitamin did help.Multivitamin supplementation in HIV-positive pregnant women: impact on depression and quality of life in a resource-poor…
- In adults aged 70 and older with low vitamin D and high fall risk, taking 1,000 IU or more of vitamin D3 daily for up to 24 months did not reduce frailty, including exhaustion, compared with 200 IU daily.The effects of vitamin D supplementation on frailty in older adults at risk for falls.
- In 443 older adults given selenium and coenzyme Q10 for 48 months, no overall change in quality of life was seen, but in a matched subgroup vitality and physical role declined less than with placebo.Improved Health-Related Quality of Life, and More Days out of Hospital with Supplementation with Selenium and Coenzyme Q…
- In 374 people after thyroid cancer surgery, adding radioactive iodine-131 to a med improved quality-of-life scores, including vitality, more than a med alone, though this was a cancer treatment rather than an energy supplement and the dose and duration were not stated.Read the study on PubMed (39307136) →
- In 322 healthy adults given high-dose monthly vitamin D3 or placebo for 18 months, reported earthquake-related problems, including fatigue, did not differ between groups.Effect of monthly vitamin D3 supplementation in healthy adults on adverse effects of earthquakes: randomised controlled …
- In 311 people receiving a med agonist therapy, a daily fruit smoothie for 16 weeks did not change fatigue, fitness, or folate levels compared with standard treatment alone.Read the study on PubMed (40877839) →
- In 275 adults with early COVID-19 given a 10-day combination that included vitamin C, less fatigue at day 14 was seen only when famotidine was added, not with the vitamin C combination alone.Read the study on PubMed (41693032) →
- In 271 adults with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A, 1.5 g of ascorbic acid daily for 2 years did not differ from placebo on neuropathy or on secondary outcomes including fatigue.Ascorbic acid in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT-TRIAAL and CMT-TRAUK): a double-blind randomised trial.
- In 236 women with breast cancer, both groups took 300 IU vitamin E daily for 24 weeks, and adding coenzyme Q10 did not reduce fatigue compared with placebo.A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of oral coenzyme Q10 to relieve self-reported treatment-related fat…
- In 227 breast cancer survivors over 12 months of a program combining a Mediterranean diet, exercise and vitamin D, fatigue fell significantly, but the program was not tested with vitamin D alone and the dose was not reported.Quality of Life in Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer after a 12-Month Treatment of Lifestyle Modifications.
- In 215 working men aged 30 to 55, a high-dose B vitamin, vitamin C and mineral supplement for 33 days improved vigour, stress and mental health ratings and made them feel less mentally tired than placebo.Effects of high-dose B vitamin complex with vitamin C and minerals on subjective mood and performance in healthy males.
- In 204 adults with fatty liver disease, a Chinese herbal recipe eased fatigue more than a phosphatidylcholine capsule over 3 months, but this study tested phosphatidylcholine only as the comparison drug, so it says nothing about choline improving energy.[Treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by Jianpi Shugan Recipe: a multi-center, randomized, controlled clinical tria…
- In 202 hemodialysis patients, a multinutrient supplement containing vitamin C for 12 weeks did not reduce fatigue compared with placebo, though some heart rate variability measures improved.Effects of nutritional supplementation on fatigue, and autonomic and immune dysfunction in patients with end-stage renal…
- In 192 vitamin D-deficient premenopausal women given vitamin D or placebo for 12 months, vitality scores and mental component scores were slightly but significantly better with vitamin D, while heart and metabolic risk factors did not change.Effect of vitamin D supplementation on cardiometabolic risks and health-related quality of life among urban premenopausa…
- In 182 outpatients with COVID-19, 25,000 IU of vitamin A daily for 10 days added to standard treatment reduced symptoms including weakness and fatigue more than standard treatment alone.Evaluation and comparison of vitamin A supplementation with standard therapies in the treatment of patients with COVID-1…
- In 171 young adults, two extra daily servings of fresh fruit and vegetables for 14 days improved vitality and motivation, but blood vitamin C did not explain these benefits.Let them eat fruit! The effect of fruit and vegetable consumption on psychological well-being in young adults: A randomi…
- In 171 adults with mild insomnia, a blend containing magnesium taken for 2 weeks did not improve sleep or physical fatigue more than placebo, as both groups improved similarly.Exploring the Effect of Lactium™ and Zizyphus Complex on Sleep Quality: A Double-Blind, Randomized Placebo-Controlled Tr…
- In 167 young adults with low vitamin C, a 250 mg vitamin C tablet daily for 4 weeks improved well-being after two weeks, and also mood and fatigue in those with consistently low vitamin C, while placebo showed no change; kiwifruit gave somewhat stronger effects.KiwiC for Vitality: Results of a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial Testing the Effects of Kiwifruit or Vitamin C Table…
- In 162 adults on a weight loss meal replacement program, folate levels improved in both groups, and energy and fatigue improved slightly more with daily calorie restriction alone than with added alternate day fasting; folate was not tested alone.Randomized Trial of a High Protein, Partial Meal Replacement Program with or without Alternate Day Fasting: Similar Effe…
- In 160 heart bypass surgery patients, vitamin C plus omega-3 fatty acids given from the day before surgery through the first 5 days after reduced post-operative fatigue more than placebo.The combined effect of vitamin C and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on fatigue following coronary artery bypass gra…
- In 160 women with breast cancer taking letterozole, 30,000 IU of vitamin D3 weekly for 24 weeks did not significantly reduce joint symptom worsening on the main measure (37% vs 51%), and the abstract does not report a fatigue result.Randomized trial of vitamin D3 to prevent worsening of musculoskeletal symptoms in women with breast cancer receiving ad…
- In 158 people with multiple sclerosis and significant fatigue, 1 mcg of alfacalcidol daily for six months reduced fatigue scores more than placebo (41.6% vs 27.4% decrease).Effect of Alfacalcidol on multiple sclerosis-related fatigue: A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study.
- In men aged 70 and older with low testosterone and mobility problems, a combined program of strength training, testosterone, and vitamin D, calcium and protein supplements for 20 weeks reduced tiredness compared with no intervention, though the vitamin D effect could not be separated from the other parts of the program.Beneficial effects of exercise, testosterone, vitamin D, calcium and protein in older men-A randomized clinical trial.
- In 148 frail men aged 70 and older with low testosterone, over one year, only the group receiving testosterone plus strength training (which also took vitamin D, calcium and protein supplements) reported less fatigue than controls; vitamin D was not tested on its own.Testosterone and resistance training improved physical performance and reduced fatigue in frail older men: 1 year follow…
- In 141 healthy office workers, a single 10 gram intravenous vitamin C dose lowered fatigue scores for up to one day compared with saline placebo, especially in those with low starting vitamin C, and also lowered oxidative stress.Intravenous vitamin C administration reduces fatigue in office workers: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.
- In a placebo-controlled trial of 130 vitamin D-deficient young women with premenstrual syndrome, 2,000 IU vitamin D every other day for 12 weeks did not reduce fatigue more than placebo, although fatigue fell within the vitamin D group.The Effect of Vitamin D Supplement Consumption on Premenstrual Syndrome in Vitamin D-Deficient Young Girls: A Randomized…
- In 128 stroke patients with fatigue, electroacupuncture with cupping improved energy more than a medication group that took a vitamin E capsule, magnesium and a med for 5 weeks; vitamin E was not tested alone.[Clinical observation on the therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture combined with cupping on post-stroke fatigue].
- In 122 hospitalized adults with moderate COVID-19, a selenium and iron-chelator nanomedicine combination lowered IL-6 compared with placebo, and clinical scores for fatigue and cough improved.Beneficial effects of the combination of BCc1 and Hep-S nanochelating-based medicines on IL-6 in hospitalized moderate C…
- In 120 people with fatigue and low vitamin D, a single 100,000-unit oral dose of vitamin D3 reduced fatigue more than placebo over 4 weeks, with 72% of the vitamin D group reporting improved fatigue versus 50% on placebo.Effect of vitamin D3 on self-perceived fatigue: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial.
- In 120 men with advanced prostate cancer, a radioactive iodine-labeled drug given with enzalutamide for four cycles eight weeks apart caused more fatigue (75% vs 53.8%) than enzalutamide alone, though it improved the cancer response.131I-LNTH-1095 Radioligand Therapy plus Enzalutamide versus Enzalutamide Alone in Men with PSMA-Avid Metastatic Castrati…
- In 112 women with anemia after childbirth, adding 1 mg a day of folic acid to iron for 4 weeks did not change fatigue scores, hemoglobin or health status compared with iron alone.A randomized controlled trial examining the addition of folic acid to iron supplementation in the treatment of postpartu…
- In 110 people with fibromyalgia, 3 months of a supplement with coenzyme Q10, tryptophan and magnesium did not significantly reduce fatigue (placebo improved significantly), though pain, sleep and overall impact improved.Effects of Coenzyme Q10, Tryptophan, and Magnesium Supplementation on Fatigue in Patients with Fibromyalgia - A Randomiz…
- In 101 people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, 25,000 IU daily of retinyl palmitate for 6 months then 10,000 IU for 6 months reduced fatigue and depression more than placebo.Effect of Vitamin A Supplementation on fatigue and depression in Multiple Sclerosis patients: A Double-Blind Placebo-Con…
- In a 3-month double-blind trial of 99 people with severe kidney failure taking 250 mg vitamin C three times weekly, symptoms including fatigue were similar to placebo, and nausea trended worse with vitamin C.Vitamin C supplementation in kidney failure: effect on uraemic symptoms.
- In 98 adults with inflammatory bowel disease in remission, 4 weeks of magnesium plus B vitamins reduced fatigue more than placebo, and also lowered ulcerative colitis symptom scores but not Crohn's disease scores.Effects of B vitamins and magnesium on fatigue, disease activity and quality of life in inflammatory bowel disease.
- In adults with moderate kidney disease, 8,000 IU of vitamin D a day for 12 weeks did not change fatigue compared with placebo.High doses of cholecalciferol alleviate the progression of hyperparathyroidism in patients with CKD Stages 3-4: results …
- In 94 adults, a 4-week high-calcium diet was compared with a DASH-type diet and the abstract reports mood benefits only for the low-sodium, high-potassium diet, not for the high-calcium diet.Dietary electrolytes are related to mood.
- In 91 people with chronic fatigue syndrome after COVID-19 or vaccination and low vitamin D, a 12-week program of 25 mcg daily vitamin D with diet, sun, and exercise guidance reduced symptom counts more than vitamin D alone, with 16 participants no longer meeting diagnostic criteria versus 1 in the control group.Vitamin D in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome After COVID-19 or Vaccination: A Randomized Controlled T…
- In 88 adults with drug-resistant epilepsy and low vitamin D, a placebo-controlled 3-month period showed no fatigue or seizure benefit from vitamin D3, but over a longer open-label period fatigue and quality of life scores improved significantly.Vitamin D deficiency and effect of treatment on seizure frequency and quality of life parameters in patients with drug-r…
- In 80 adults with fatigue or neuropsychiatric symptoms after COVID-19, 60,000 IU of vitamin D given weekly for 8 weeks reduced fatigue more than placebo, along with some anxiety and cognitive test gains.Effects of an 8-week high-dose vitamin D supplementation on fatigue and neuropsychiatric manifestations in post-COVID sy…
- In 80 people with advanced chronic kidney disease followed for 6 months, adding folic acid (alone or with pentoxifylline) to usual care reduced fatigue scores and improved kidney blood tests compared with usual care alone.The potential adding therapeutic effect of pentoxifylline and/or folic acid for chronic kidney disease patients: randomi…
- In 75 African American adults with type 2 diabetes, taking 4000 IU of vitamin D3 daily for one year did not improve fatigue, mood, or walking ability compared with 600 IU daily.The effect of vitamin D supplementation on mental and functional health outcomes in African Americans with type 2 diabet…
- In 70 heavy screen users given 10 mg lutein plus 2 mg zeaxanthin for 6 months, tear tests and eye recovery improved versus placebo, but self-reported eye fatigue, sleep and attention did not differ.The effects of lutein/ zeaxanthin (Lute-gen®) on eye health, eye strain, sleep quality, and attention in high electronic…
- In 68 people with multiple sclerosis, 20,000 IU of vitamin D3 weekly for 96 weeks produced no significant difference in fatigue compared with placebo.Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on relapses, disease progression, and measures of function in persons with multiple…
- In 65 people with chronic fatigue syndrome taking a beta-glucan, vitamin and zinc combination for 36 weeks, cognitive fatigue improved compared with their starting level, but the zinc effect was not separated out.Yeast Beta-Glucan Supplementation with Multivitamins Attenuates Cognitive Impairments in Individuals with Myalgic Enceph…
- In 64 women with polycystic ovary syndrome, 10 weeks of magnesium improved the energy and fatigue score and total quality of life compared with placebo.The effects of magnesium supplementation on abnormal uterine bleeding, alopecia, quality of life, and acne in women with…
- In 63 HIV-positive drug users, 200 mcg of selenium daily for 12 months increased self-reported vigor and reduced anxiety compared with placebo, with no effect on depression.Psychological burden in the era of HAART: impact of selenium therapy.
- In 61 people with primary biliary cirrhosis fatigue, 12 weeks of an antioxidant mix including selenium did not reduce fatigue more than placebo.Oral antioxidant supplementation for fatigue associated with primary biliary cirrhosis: results of a multicentre, random…
- In 60 head and neck cancer patients having radiotherapy, adding pentoxifylline and vitamin E reduced the occurrence of fatigue compared with radiotherapy alone, though the combination was not testing vitamin E alone.Pentoxifylline and vitamin E reduce the severity of radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis and dysphagia in head and neck c…
- In 60 a med users with muscle symptoms, coenzyme Q10 reduced tiredness and muscle pain over 3 months, but adding selenium gave no significant additional benefit.Read the study on PubMed (23458201) →
- In 60 children aged 5 to 12 given 10 mg lutein plus 2 mg zeaxanthin daily for 180 days, eye strain and fatigue were reduced and focus, memory and attention improved compared with placebo.Lutein and Zeaxanthin Supplementation Improves Dynamic Visual and Cognitive Performance in Children: A Randomized, Doubl…
- In 58 healthy adults with mild prolonged tiredness, a supplement combining pomegranate extract with B vitamins and vitamin C reduced fatigue scores over 8 weeks compared with placebo, though vitamin C was not tested alone and biochemical markers did not change.Combination of Chemically Characterized Pomegranate Extract and Hydrophilic Vitamins against Prolonged Fatigue: A Monoce…
- In 51 Japanese women with premenstrual symptoms, taking 180 mg of γ-tocopherol twice a day for 7 days before their period reduced fatigue compared with placebo.Effect of γ-tocopherol supplementation on premenstrual symptoms and natriuresis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-con…
- In 50 people with chronic fatigue syndrome, high-dose vitamin D3 given every 2 months for 6 months did not improve fatigue scores compared with placebo.Effect of intermittent vitamin D3 on vascular function and symptoms in chronic fatigue syndrome--a randomised controlled…
- In 50 people given 100 mcg of selenium daily for 5 weeks versus placebo in a crossover design, mood improved and anxiety fell, with tiredness decreasing most in those with low dietary selenium.The impact of selenium supplementation on mood.
- In 49 patients after colon surgery, magnesium oxide (1 g every 12 hours) did not change fatigue or bowel recovery compared with placebo.Effect of the laxative magnesium oxide on gastrointestinal functional recovery in fast-track colonic resection: a double…
- In 46 older adults with mild cognitive impairment, a daily omega-3 and omega-6 formula with 0.6 mg vitamin A and vitamin E for 6 months improved fatigue, cognition, walking capacity and sleepiness more than placebo.The Effects of a 6-Month High Dose Omega-3 and Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Antioxidant Vitamins Supplementat…
- In healthy young adults with low vitamin C levels, 500 mg twice a day for 4 weeks improved attention and work absorption compared with placebo, with a trend toward less fatigue.Vitamin C supplementation promotes mental vitality in healthy young adults: results from a cross-sectional analysis and …
- In a 28-day placebo-controlled trial of 46 adults with long COVID, twice-daily liposomal vitamin C (500 mg) with l-arginine reduced persistent fatigue (2 of 23 still fatigued vs 21 of 23 on placebo) and improved walking distance and handgrip strength.Effects of l-Arginine Plus Vitamin C Supplementation on Physical Performance, Endothelial Function, and Persistent Fatig…
- In 46 active men, 2000 IU of vitamin D3 daily for 12 weeks lowered fatigue index scores and improved aerobic capacity and power compared with placebo.Effects of vitamin D3 supplementation for 12 weeks on serum levels of anabolic hormones, anaerobic power, and aerobic pe…
- In 45 people with COPD and weight loss, 12 weeks of a nutrition drink containing 10 mcg vitamin D3 and omega-3 fatty acids reduced exercise-induced fatigue more than an isocaloric comparator drink.Targeted medical nutrition for cachexia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized, controlled trial.
- In 44 children with sickle cell disease or who were healthy, daily vitamin D3 at 4,000 or 7,000 IU for 12 weeks significantly reduced fatigue and improved physical performance.Vitamin D Supplementation Improves Health-Related Quality of Life and Physical Performance in Children with Sickle Cell …
- In 44 adults with screen-related eye fatigue, 6 weeks of a capsule combining anthocyanin, astaxanthin and lutein reduced the drop in eye focusing function and some focusing complaints versus placebo.Effects of anthocyanin, astaxanthin, and lutein on eye functions: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
- In a small crossover trial of adults with sleep complaints, a blend containing 1.35 mg zinc along with mulberry leaf extract and tryptophan improved next-morning vigor and mood over two weeks, but zinc's effect could not be separated from the other ingredients.Mulberry leaf extract combined with tryptophan improves sleep and post wake mood in adults with sleep complaints - A ran…
- In 40 young adults with low vitamin C, 1000 mg daily for 4 weeks improved mental vitality and reduced inflammation compared with placebo, with gut bacteria changes linked to the gains.Gut microbiota links vitamin C supplementation to enhanced mental vitality in healthy young adults with suboptimal vitam…
- In teenagers and young adults with lupus, 50,000 IU of vitamin D once a week for 24 weeks reduced fatigue related to social life compared with placebo.Vitamin D Supplementation in Adolescents and Young Adults With Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus for Improvement in …
- In a cluster randomized trial of 40 nursing home residents over 65, being encouraged to spend 20-30 minutes outdoors daily for two months in summer improved self-perceived mental health and vitality compared with before the summer, while the control group showed no change.Sunlight Exposure and Vitamin D Levels in Older People- An Intervention Study in Swedish Nursing Homes.
- In 40 adults with COVID-19, 10 mg a day of boron citrate (alone or with oleoylethanolamide) improved oxygen saturation, breathing rate and symptoms including fatigue compared with routine care alone, though the study length was not stated.Possible therapeutic effects of boron citrate and oleoylethanolamide supplementation in patients with COVID-19: A pilot …
- In healthy older adults, a 12-week multi-ingredient supplement that included vitamin D did not change muscle fatigue measures compared with placebo, though it improved muscle strength and power.Effects of 12 Weeks of Essential Amino Acids (EAA)-Based Multi-Ingredient Nutritional Supplementation on Muscle Mass, Mu…
- In 36 volunteers, 1 g of vitamin C daily for 30 days improved maximal oxygen uptake and lowered oxidative stress only in those with the lowest vitamin C levels, and it did not reduce fatigue index.Antioxidant supplementation, redox deficiencies and exercise performance: A falsification design.
- In 33 soldiers during a 12-day tropical training exercise, folate status declined in all groups and those eating combat rations reported more fatigue than those eating fresh food; folate was not given as a separate supplement.The physiological and psychological effects of combat ration feeding during a 12-day training exercise in the tropics.
- In 32 people with chronic fatigue syndrome, weekly magnesium sulphate injections for 6 weeks led 12 of 15 treated patients to report benefit and better energy, versus 3 of 17 on placebo.Red blood cell magnesium and chronic fatigue syndrome.
- In 30 older patients (average age 76), one year of vitamin E (400 mg a day) plus selenium improved fatigue, mental alertness, motivation and general condition compared with placebo, with no side effects.Vitamin E and selenium supplementation in geriatric patients : A double-blind preliminary clinical trial.
- In 30 adults with hypertension, diabetes or high blood fats, drinking water with 80 mg of magnesium daily for 4 weeks improved body mass index, insulin, triglycerides and fatigue compared with placebo water.Effects of deep ocean-derived magnesium-enhanced water on metabolic diseases with microbiome changes.
- In 30 breast cancer survivors, a 3-month antioxidant-rich diet improved fatigue by 44% versus 8% in the control group, but this was a whole diet rather than lutein alone.Fatigue reduction diet in breast cancer survivors: a pilot randomized clinical trial.
- In people recovering from knee ligament surgery, 600 mg alpha-tocopherol plus 600 mg gamma-tocopherol and vitamin C for 16 weeks did not change muscle strength or time to exhaustion compared with placebo.Serum cytokines and muscle strength after anterior cruciate ligament surgery are not modulated by high-doses of vitamins…
- In 28 men with marginal vitamin C status, 1000 mg daily for 8 weeks produced a physical activity rise that was not statistically significant compared with placebo, though cold episodes were fewer.Vitamin C supplementation slightly improves physical activity levels and reduces cold incidence in men with marginal vit…
- In 26 overweight middle-aged women doing aerobic training for 3 months, drinking 500 mL of orange juice daily was linked with lower blood lactate, suggesting less muscle fatigue than training alone.Orange juice improved lipid profile and blood lactate of overweight middle-aged women subjected to aerobic training.
- Eating two SunGold kiwifruit daily for 4 weeks improved mood disturbance, wellbeing and vitality compared with usual diet in 26 adults with mild to moderate mood disturbance.SunGold Kiwifruit and Psychological Health (GoKiPH): A Randomised Controlled Crossover Trial.
- In 26 adults with post-COVID fatigue syndrome, a 3-month synbiotic containing zinc reduced general fatigue, but placebo did too; the synbiotic was superior to placebo only for post-exercise malaise, and zinc's own effect was not isolated.The effects of 3-month supplementation with synbiotic on patient-reported outcomes, exercise tolerance, and brain and mu…
- In 25 healthy young adults, a single dose of a pre-workout drink containing 500 mg vitamin C along with other ingredients raised self-rated energy and vigour compared with placebo, though adding synephrine gave no extra benefit.Effects of acute ingestion of a pre-workout dietary supplement with and without p-synephrine on resting energy expenditu…
- In 25 breast cancer survivors, 500 mg vitamin C plus vitamin E daily for 10 weeks alongside strength training did not reduce fatigue more than placebo.Effect of strength training and antioxidant supplementation on perceived and performance fatigability in breast cancer s…
- In 24 adults with low parathyroid function, one month each of calcium citrate and calcium carbonate showed no difference in quality of life scores; the abstract does not report a fatigue difference.Calcium Citrate Versus Calcium Carbonate in the Management of Chronic Hypoparathyroidism: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Cr…
- In 24 patients on chemotherapy for colorectal cancer, 70 mg of zinc per day for 16 weeks prevented the increase in fatigue and decline in quality of life seen in the placebo group.Effects of zinc supplementation on fatigue and quality of life in patients with colorectal cancer.
- In 24 hemodialysis patients taking a zinc-containing amino acid blend for 12 weeks, energy and fatigue scores improved along with lower inflammation and oxidative stress, though zinc was not tested alone.The Combined Use of Hydroxymethylbutyrate and Branched-Chain Amino Acids to Counteract Uremic Sarcopenia.
- In 24 stroke patients in rehabilitation, one sachet a day for 8 weeks of a vitamin and mineral blend that included copper reduced motor, cognitive and total fatigue more than rehabilitation alone, though copper was not tested by itself.The role of nutritional supplement on post-stroke fatigue: a pilot randomized controlled trial.
- In 24 healthy adults, 300 mg a day of a blend containing calcium fructoborate for 9 days led to less perceived exhaustion, better sleep and less muscle pain after damaging exercise than placebo, but no differences in muscle function, inflammation or muscle damage markers.The Effects of a Phytochemical Supplement Blend on Markers of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: A Randomised Controlled Tr…
- In 22 college-aged adults taking 350 mg of magnesium daily for 10 days, muscle soreness and perceived recovery improved compared with placebo, but performance gains did not reach statistical significance.Effects of Magnesium Supplementation on Muscle Soreness and Performance.
- In 21 young football players, 15 days of vitamin E (400 IU a day) plus vitamin C reduced signs of oxidative stress but did not improve power, agility, muscle soreness or recovery compared with placebo.Antioxidant vitamin supplementation prevents oxidative stress but does not enhance performance in young football athlete…
- In 20 obese adults on a calorie-restricted diet, 500 mg of vitamin C daily for 4 weeks lowered self-reported fatigue and reduced heart rate and perceived exertion during exercise compared with placebo.Vitamin C status and perception of effort during exercise in obese adults adhering to a calorie-reduced diet.
- In 20 male athletic students, 450 mg vitamin E daily for 8 weeks did not change oxidative stress markers or cycling endurance compared with placebo.Effects of vitamin E supplementation on oxidative stress at rest and after exercise to exhaustion in athletic students.
- In 20 trained male cyclists, a single 2.43 g dose of choline bitartrate raised blood choline but did not delay fatigue or change work performed in brief or prolonged cycling compared with placebo.Effect of choline supplementation on fatigue in trained cyclists.
- In 20 junior cyclists, a daily multi-nutrient tablet containing magnesium for 4 weeks led to faster fatigue recovery than a plain vitamin product, but magnesium was not tested alone.Studies concerning the ergogenic value of Cantamega-2000 supply in top junior cyclists.
- In 20 adults, 4 weeks of a daily capsule with 17.5 mg lutein, fish oil and bilberry extract improved asthenopia symptoms and mental fatigue scores compared with placebo.Effects of dietary supplementation with a combination of fish oil, bilberry extract, and lutein on subjective symptoms o…
- In 19 adults with sleep apnea, 4,000 IU of vitamin D3 daily for 15 weeks did not change sleepiness, fatigue, or thinking tests compared with placebo, though it lowered some blood inflammation markers.Vitamin D Improves Selected Metabolic Parameters but Not Neuropsychological or Quality of Life Indices in OSA: A Pilot S…
- In 18 healthy volunteers, 1000 mg a day of ascorbic acid for 8 days did not reduce physical fatigue during a long cycling task, while a different product did.Effects of Applephenon and ascorbic acid on physical fatigue.
- In 18 sedentary women taking 300 mg vitamin E daily across two menstrual cycles, supplementation did not change exhaustive muscle performance compared with placebo.Exercise-induced oxidative stress and muscle performance in healthy women: role of vitamin E supplementation and endogen…
- In 18 trained adults, three days of hydrogen-rich calcium powder lowered breathing rate and blood pH during exercise but did not change oxygen uptake compared with placebo.Application of Molecular Hydrogen as an Antioxidant in Responses to Ventilatory and Ergogenic Adjustments during Increme…
- In 17 people, 3 weeks of a broad antioxidant mixture including beta-carotene did not protect cycling performance in low oxygen better than placebo, while a different supplement did.Effects of antioxidant supplementation on exercise performance in acute normobaric hypoxia.
- In 17 adults with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis who finished the trial, a modified Paleolithic diet reduced fatigue scores compared with people eating their usual diet and raised vitamin K blood levels, but vitamin K itself was not given as a supplement.Randomized control trial evaluation of a modified Paleolithic dietary intervention in the treatment of relapsing-remitti…
- In 17 amateur cyclists who took a herbal formula containing 200 mcg of chromium for 2 weeks, there was no improvement over placebo in oxygen use, time to exhaustion or peak power.Effects of a commercial herbal-based formula on exercise performance in cyclists.
- In 16 trained men with two nights of short sleep, zinc magnesium aspartate had no effect on sleep, ratings of fatigue or morning weightlifting performance compared with placebo.Effects of Supplementing Zinc Magnesium Aspartate on Sleep Quality and Submaximal Weightlifting Performance, following T…
- In 15 people with chronic fatigue syndrome, injected liver extract with folic acid and vitamin B12 did not improve fatigue-related function more than placebo, and the placebo response was strong.Liver extract-folic acid-cyanocobalamin vs placebo for chronic fatigue syndrome.
- In 14 young men, 30 mg of beta-carotene daily for 1 month did not change exercise-related DNA oxidative damage in urine in a significant way, and energy or exercise performance was not measured.Effect of a single bout of exercise and beta-carotene supplementation on the urinary excretion of 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosi…
- In 14 healthy volunteers, 3000 mg a day of ascorbic acid for 8 days did not change physical fatigue during a long cycling task compared with placebo.Daily oral administration of crocetin attenuates physical fatigue in human subjects.
- In 14 male college football players, a single dose of a choline-based multi-ingredient supplement taken 60 minutes before testing led to higher rate of torque development and impulse during fatiguing leg contractions than placebo, though baseline strength and jump height did not differ.Choline-Based Multi-Ingredient Supplementation Can Improve Explosive Strength during a Fatiguing Task.
- In 13 people in a crossover trial, a supplement of lutein, zeaxanthin and blackcurrant extract over two-week periods reduced visual fatigue measured by brain and eye recordings compared with placebo.The effect of lutein supplementation on visual fatigue: a psychophysiological analysis.
- In 12 middle-aged triathletes during a 90-minute cycling session, taking vitamin C with glutathione improved energy-related metabolic and heart measures and lowered an oxidative stress marker compared with placebo, though vitamin C was not tested alone and this was a single acute session.Enhancing Supplemental Effects of Acute Natural Antioxidant Derived from Yeast Fermentation and Vitamin C on Sports Perf…
- In 11 trained male triathletes, 4 weeks of a combination supplement including vitamin E did not change time to exhaustion compared with placebo (223 vs 215 minutes).Effects of coenzyme athletic performance system as an ergogenic aid on endurance performance to exhaustion.
- In 10 healthy adults who ate few fruits and vegetables, 4 weeks of a combined antioxidant supplement (including 15,000 IU beta-carotene, a vitamin A precursor) raised antioxidant status about 21%, improved airflow, and lowered breathing rate and perceived exertion during exercise compared with placebo.The effects of antioxidant vitamin supplementation on expiratory flow rates at rest and during exercise.
- In eight men doing calf contractions to exhaustion, calcium carbonate used as the control had no effect on time to fatigue, which was similar to the acid and alkaline trials, showing that changing muscle pH did not alter fatigue.The effect of pH on fatigue during submaximal isometric contractions of the human calf muscle.
- In 8 active men doing high-intensity shuttle running, adding 400 mg of chromium picolinate to a carbohydrate drink did not extend running time beyond what the carbohydrate drink alone achieved.Effects of carbohydrate and chromium ingestion during intermittent high-intensity exercise to fatigue.
- In adults with daily fatigue, a sesame lignan and vitamin E supplement (55 mg alpha-tocopherol) for 8 weeks did not beat placebo overall, though in people aged 40 and over it improved sleep and appearance versus placebo and raised antioxidant capacity.Sesame Lignans and Vitamin E Supplementation Improve Subjective Statuses and Anti-Oxidative Capacity in Healthy Humans W…
- In young women with premenstrual syndrome, 500 mg of calcium carbonate twice daily for 3 months reduced early tiredness compared with placebo.Effects of calcium supplement therapy in women with premenstrual syndrome.
- In people with fibromyalgia, 100 mg of magnesium daily for one month did not change fatigue more than placebo.Short-Term Magnesium Therapy Alleviates Moderate Stress in Patients with Fibromyalgia: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinica…
- In children and adolescents receiving chemotherapy for cancer, selenium supplementation reduced fatigue and nausea scores after 30 days and up to one year, and kidney and liver function improved compared with placebo.Supplementation with selenium can influence nausea, fatigue, physical, renal, and liver function of children and adolesc…
- In 351 Bangladeshi schoolchildren aged 6-11, daily fortified biscuits raised blood levels of retinol and other nutrients, and children and teachers reported less tiredness and better energy, though energy was not measured directly.Impact of fortified biscuits on micronutrient deficiencies among primary school children in Bangladesh.
- In 155 young adults with low vitamin C, a 250 mg vitamin C tablet daily for 4 weeks only marginally improved mood until day 12, with effects weaker than kiwifruit, though mood improved in those with low starting vitamin C.Smartphone survey data reveal the timecourse of changes in mood outcomes following vitamin C or kiwifruit intervention i…
- In active duty soldiers, a 90-day vitamin D3 supplement improved self-reported fatigue and sleep scores compared with a no-treatment control group.A Prospective Cohort Study of Vitamin D Supplementation in AD Soldiers: Preliminary Findings.
- In 73 children and young people with mild thalassemia, 3 months of carnitine with or without 1 mg a day of folic acid reduced bone pain and muscle weakness, but the benefit was attributed to carnitine and fatigue was not reported separately.Determining and surveying the role of carnitine and folic acid to decrease fatigue in β-thalassemia minor subjects.
- In 92 patients with high blood pressure, magnesium at 320 mg a day reduced some complaints such as nervousness and sleep problems but had no effect on mental or physical fatigue.[Level of total and ionized magnesium fraction based on biochemical analysis of blood and hair and effect of supplemente…
- In 61 hemodialysis patients, 100 mg of intravenous vitamin C after each session for 6 months did not improve energy-related quality of life or red blood cell production compared with no vitamin C.Effects of intravenous ascorbic acid on erythropoiesis and quality of life in unselected hemodialysis patients.
- In 42 older adults exposed to uranium, lead and mercury, essliver-forte given in place of vitamin E led to fewer complaints of fatigue, anxiety and sleep problems than standard therapy with vitamin E.[Administration of essential phospholipids in persons exposed to chemical industrial pollutants].
- In 14 conditioned volunteers doing 4 hours of heavy-load treadmill walking, 8.425 g of choline citrate raised blood choline but did not improve run time to exhaustion, squat performance or perceived exertion compared with placebo.The effects of choline supplementation on physical performance.
- In 13 healthy adults, a single 2-hour inhalation of zinc oxide fume at 5 mg/m3 caused fever, muscle aches, cough, fatigue and raised blood IL-6, showing harm rather than benefit.Metal fume fever: characterization of clinical and plasma IL-6 responses in controlled human exposures to zinc oxide fum…
- In 11 male runners, 4 days of calcium phosphate loading did not improve maximal aerobic capacity or time to exhaustion compared with placebo.Phosphate supplementation, cardiovascular function, and exercise performance in humans.
- In 10 healthy sedentary men, taking 300 mg of retinol daily for 4 weeks did not change blood lactate or most antioxidant measures after exhaustive exercise, though nitric oxide levels fell.Effect of vitamin A administration on free radicals and lactate levels in individuals exercised to exhaustion.
- In 8 people with COPD, a single 2 g IV vitamin C dose compared with saline reduced quadriceps neuromuscular fatigue and lowered inflammatory C-reactive protein during exercise, but did not improve breathlessness or exercise tolerance.Ascorbate attenuates cycling exercise-induced neuromuscular fatigue but fails to improve exertional dyspnea and exercise…
- Eight healthy young men taking 6 grams of potassium-magnesium aspartate over 24 hours before a hard cycling test lasted about as long to exhaustion as those given placebo, so no endurance benefit was seen.The effects of oral administration of salts of aspartic acid on the metabolic response to prolonged exhausting exercise …
- In 7 male triathletes, 6 weeks of a daily antioxidant capsule containing 600 mg ascorbic acid did not change maximal oxygen uptake or muscle fatigue compared with placebo.No effect of antioxidant supplementation in triathletes on maximal oxygen uptake, 31P-NMRS detected muscle energy metabo…
- In 6 healthy men, adding 1,000 IU vitamin E to coenzyme Q10 for 2 weeks did not change aerobic power or exercise economy.Muscle and plasma coenzyme Q10 concentration, aerobic power and exercise economy of healthy men in response to four week…
- In patients with muscle symptoms from meds and low vitamin D, six months of vitamin D replacement raised blood vitamin D levels and reduced pain by 63% compared with untreated controls, with better quality of life, but energy and fatigue were not directly measured.Read the study on PubMed (36346279) →
- In healthy young men, an antioxidant cocktail containing vitamin E taken before a 5 km cycling time trial slowed performance and raised blood lactate and fatigue compared with placebo.Exercise performance and physiological responses: the potential role of redox imbalance.
- In 214 outpatients with COVID-19, 8000 mg ascorbic acid for 10 days did not shorten symptoms, including fatigue, compared with usual care.Effect of High-Dose Zinc and Ascorbic Acid Supplementation vs Usual Care on Symptom Length and Reduction Among Ambulator…
- In 88 women newly diagnosed with breast cancer, 9 weeks of weekly vitamin D3 plus omega-3 lowered fatigue scores and reduced inflammation markers, but vitamin D alone did not produce significant changes.The effects of Omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D supplementation on the quality of life and blood inflammation markers i…
- In an open-label trial of 40 head and neck cancer survivors, 100 mg vitamin C tablets daily for 8 weeks gave less fatigue relief than Tualang honey.Effects of Tualang Honey on Cancer Related Fatigue: A Multicenter Open-label Trial of H&N Cancer Patients.
- In 39 patients with advanced cancer and weight loss, a 4-month regimen that included 30,000 IU a day of vitamin A along with other antioxidants, supplements, and drugs improved fatigue scores and lowered inflammatory cytokines, but it was an open study with no placebo group and vitamin A's effect could not be separated from the other ingredients.A phase II study with antioxidants, both in the diet and supplemented, pharmaconutritional support, progestagen, and ant…
- In a phase I safety study of 34 cancer patients given high-dose intravenous sodium selenite for 2 to 4 weeks, fatigue was among the most common side effects, though it was reversible.Pharmacokinetics and Toxicity of Sodium Selenite in the Treatment of Patients with Carcinoma in a Phase I Clinical Trial…
- In 28 patients with advanced lung cancer and low performance status, a multidrug regimen that included vitamin D was followed by improved fatigue and other general symptoms in most patients; there was no control group.Somatostatin, retinoids, melatonin, vitamin D, bromocriptine, and cyclophosphamide in advanced non-small-cell lung cance…
- In an open-label study of 27 people with myalgic encephalomyelitis (chronic fatigue syndrome), 200 mcg of selenium plus 400 mg of coenzyme Q10 daily for 8 weeks significantly reduced overall fatigue and lowered inflammatory and oxidative stress markers.Does Coenzyme Q10 Plus Selenium Supplementation Ameliorate Clinical Outcomes by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Inflamma…
- In breast cancer patients taking 400 mg of magnesium oxide daily for 4 weeks, fatigue was significantly reduced, though this single-group pilot study had no placebo comparison.A pilot phase II trial of magnesium supplements to reduce menopausal hot flashes in breast cancer patients.
- In a small uncontrolled pilot of 23 iron-deficient women, a daily food-derived supplement that also contained vitamin C was taken for 8 weeks, and self-reported energy improved, though vitamin C alone was not tested and there was no placebo group.A Food-Derived Dietary Supplement Containing a Low Dose of Iron Improved Markers of Iron Status Among Nonanemic Iron-Def…
- Adults with refractory Hodgkin lymphoma given iodine-131 labeled antibody had mild grade 1 fatigue in 19 of 22 patients, with severe low blood counts in 7.Treatment of refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma patients with an iodine-131-labeled murine anti-CD30 monoclonal antibody.
- In an open-label pilot of 15 retired football players, a daily multi-nutrient supplement that included vitamin D for 6 months was followed by improved vigor at 3 months and better general health ratings, but without a placebo group.The effect of dietary supplements on the quality of life of retired professional football players.
- In 12 symptomatic, severely vitamin D-deficient adults given cholecalciferol, muscle mitochondrial function improved and all participants reported less fatigue; there was no control group and the dose and duration were not stated.Improving the vitamin D status of vitamin D deficient adults is associated with improved mitochondrial oxidative functio…
- In a large cohort of about 81,500 women aged 60 and older followed for a median of 16 years, higher magnesium intake was linked to a lower risk of frailty, with the top fifth of intake showing 12% lower risk than the bottom fifth.Total magnesium intake and risk of frailty in older women.
- In a survey of complementary medicine practitioners giving IV vitamin C (average 28 g every 4 days), 59 of 9,328 patients with data had lethargy or fatigue as a side effect, and most side effects were minor.Vitamin C: intravenous use by complementary and alternative medicine practitioners and adverse effects.
- In a survey of 4091 American adults, higher blood levels of two vitamin A forms, retinyl palmitate and retinyl stearate, were linked to less fatigue, but this link was not seen among the 272 people with a cancer history.Serum carotenoids and cancer-related fatigue: An analysis of the 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Sur…
- In a drug surveillance study of 2817 mostly older adults with brain circulation problems, taking about 6 ml a day of oral citicoline for 15 days to 2 months was followed by reduced dizziness, headache, insomnia, and memory complaints, with fatigue also among the improved symptoms; 5% reported side effects, mostly digestive.Efficacy and safety of oral CDP-choline. Drug surveillance study in 2817 cases.
- Among 2,584 thyroid cancer patients surveyed 2 to 4 years after diagnosis, receiving radioactive iodine treatment was linked to reporting worse energy than before treatment (odds ratio 1.31).Energy level and fatigue after surgery for thyroid cancer: A population-based study of patient-reported outcomes.
- Among 1643 older Spanish adults followed for about 3.5 years, dietary vitamin A intake was not reported as linked to developing frailty, while low intakes of vitamins B6, C, E and folate were.Low vitamin intake is associated with risk of frailty in older adults.
- In a 90-day follow-up of 923 Indonesian COVID-19 survivors, vitamin C combined with other micronutrients and favipiravir did not significantly change post-COVID symptoms, including fatigue, which was the most common symptom.Vaccination status, favipiravir, and micronutrient supplementation roles in post-COVID symptoms: A longitudinal study.
- In a population study of 750 adults, people with both low selenium and antibodies against selenoprotein P had about twice the prevalence of persistent fatigue after coronavirus infection.Low serum selenium combined with SELENOP-autoantibodies are associated with persistent fatigue after SARS-CoV-2 infectio…
- In a survey of 576 people in Syria who had COVID-19, 76.4% reported using vitamin C, but the survey did not measure whether vitamin C improved energy or fatigue, and fatigue was the most reported symptom.COVID-19 infected patients' experiences in Syria, and the role of the pharmacists during their infection.
- In 530 older postmenopausal women, blood vitamin D levels were not clearly linked to energy or fatigue symptoms after adjustment; this was a measurement of existing levels, not a supplement trial.Vitamin D levels and menopause-related symptoms.
- Older adults with fatigue had higher blood folic acid than those without fatigue, and lower vitamin D tracked with more fatigue; this study did not test folate supplements.Decrease in Serum Vitamin D Level of Older Patients with Fatigue.
- In 411 dentists and their wives, people who took little vitamin C reported about double the number of fatigue symptoms compared with those who took more.Daily vitamin C consumption and fatigability.
- In a cross-sectional study of 342 breast cancer patients, those with cancer-related fatigue had lower usual vitamin E intake, but this survey design cannot show that vitamin E changes fatigue and gamma-tocopherol was not measured.The Mediating Role of Gut Microbiota on the Association Between Dietary Quality and Cancer-Related Fatigue Among Breast …
- In a prospective study of 146 people with fatigue after COVID-19 who took Astenor Energy, a product containing arginine aspartate, vitamin B6, biotin and magnesium, fatigue scores fell over three months of treatment, but there was no placebo group and biotin's effect could not be separated from the other ingredients.The Effects of Arginine-Based Supplements on Fatigue Levels following COVID-19 Infection: A Prospective Study in Romania…
- In a retrospective German cohort of 125 breast cancer patients, adding intravenous vitamin C of 7.5 g for at least 4 weeks was associated with fewer treatment side effects, including fatigue, than no added vitamin C.Intravenous vitamin C administration improves quality of life in breast cancer patients during chemo-/radiotherapy and a…
- In 105 adults with irritable bowel syndrome, lower iodine intake was linked to more fatigue, but the study did not test iodine supplementation and reported only associations.Poor intake of vitamins and minerals is associated with symptoms among patients with irritable bowel syndrome.
- In 104 menopausal women taking a pollen extract with 5 mg of vitamin E twice daily for 12 weeks, fatigue fell by about 48%, along with other menopausal symptoms, in an open study without a control group.Prospective observational study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the pollen extract Sérélys® in the management of …
- In 101 people with relapsing multiple sclerosis, lower dietary folate intake was linked to higher fatigue scores, but this cross-sectional study cannot show cause.Dietary intake of nutrients and its correlation with fatigue in multiple sclerosis patients.
- Red blood cell magnesium was normal in 89 people with chronic fatigue syndrome, and a magnesium loading test in 6 of them found no deficiency, so the authors saw no reason to use magnesium treatment for this condition.Normal red cell magnesium concentrations and magnesium loading tests in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome.
- In 87 people, including 48 with epilepsy, selenium levels were higher in epilepsy patients, but selenium levels did not differ between people with and without fatigue.The Relationship of Fatigue and Depression with Trace Element Levels in Epileptic Patients.
- In a retrospective chart review of 86 cancer patients given high-dose IV vitamin C (50 to 150 g per infusion), patients overall reported improved fatigue, pain, and mood, with temporary nausea and injection-site discomfort as the most common side effects.Retrospective Evaluation of Clinical Experience With Intravenous Ascorbic Acid in Patients With Cancer.
- In 82 people (41 with rheumatoid arthritis), vitamin D supplementation over about 9 months was linked with better fatigue scores, though the dose was not stated and there was no placebo group.Associations of Vitamin D Levels and Vitamin D Receptor Genotypes with Patient-Reported Outcome/Disease Activity in Pati…
- In 67 adults with shingles, about 2 weeks of intravenous vitamin C alongside standard treatment was followed by reduced pain and less general fatigue, but the study had no placebo group.Intravenous vitamin C in the treatment of shingles: results of a multicenter prospective cohort study.
- In 32 people with fibromyalgia and 32 healthy controls, serum selenium levels did not differ between groups, and the abstract links fatigue to magnesium levels rather than selenium.The relationship between serum trace element levels and clinical parameters in patients with fibromyalgia.
- Half of 60 people with chronic fatigue syndrome had low serum folate levels, but this survey did not test whether folate supplements improve energy.Serum folate and chronic fatigue syndrome.
- In a clinical observation of 60 spandex factory workers exposed to a industrial solvent, a combination of Chinese medicines that included polyene phosphatidylcholine was linked to lower liver enzymes and bilirubin and to recovery of most abnormal blood ammonia levels. The abstract does not report an energy or fatigue outcome after treatment.Dimethylacetamide-induced toxic hepatitis in spandex workers: clinical presentation and treatment outcomes.
- In a retrospective review of 58 stroke survivors with fatigue, all who were treated for low vitamin D had significant improvement in fatigue; there was no control group.Does Vitamin D Deficiency Predispose to Post Stroke Fatigue?
- In a small pilot study of 55 young adults after mild infection, those who later developed long-lasting symptoms reported lower usual vitamin E intake (median 6.2 mg versus 8.6 mg) and more fatigue, but the study did not test gamma-tocopherol or measure energy directly.A Pilot Study to Examine If Dietary Habits Can Affect Symptomology in Mild Pre-Vaccination COVID-19 Cases.
- In adults with hypophosphatasia, a higher calcium to phosphorus intake ratio was associated with more tiredness and fatigue, and very high or very low calcium intake was linked to more symptoms, based on a 7-day diary.Mineral Intake and Clinical Symptoms in Adult Patients with Hypophosphatasia.
- In a survey of 38 people with chronic fatigue syndrome or fibromyalgia, those who rated themselves much improved had taken more vitamin B12 injections and higher daily folic acid for longer, though this was not a controlled test.Response to vitamin B12 and folic acid in myalgic encephalomyelitis and fibromyalgia.
- In a small group of 37 people with pulmonary arterial hypertension, about 40% had low selenium levels, and low selenium was linked to reduced vitality.Nutritional status in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
- In 27 well-trained endurance athletes, plasma manganese and other trace elements did not change across different levels of cycling exercise intensity, and no link to energy use was found.Plasma trace elements levels are not altered by submaximal exercise intensities in well-trained endurance euhydrated ath…
- Children treated for thyroid cancer with surgery and radioactive iodine had fatigue as one of their long-term adverse events, reported in 5 of 25 children.Frequent adverse events after treatment for childhood-onset differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a single institute experie…
- In 17 well-trained endurance athletes during incremental cycling, plasma manganese levels were not linked to stress hormones, blood sugar, or fats, though zinc and selenium did vary with exercise intensity.Plasma levels of trace elements and exercise induced stress hormones in well-trained athletes.
- Apart from hypothyroid fatigue, children with thyroid cancer given a tracer dose of radioactive iodine for scans reported no symptoms.124-iodine positron emission tomography/computed tomography dosimetry in pediatric patients with differentiated thyroid …
- A survey of U.S. adults found that drinkers had higher energy intake than non-drinkers, but their diets were less nutrient dense, including for calcium; the survey did not test calcium for energy.Alcohol consumption and nutrient density of diets in the Nationwide Food Consumption Survey.
- In this comparison of 184 young Turkish women with painful periods and 184 without, women with painful periods had lower vitamin D levels, and those with low vitamin D reported more fatigue, depression and irritability. This was an observational association, not a supplement trial.Serum vitamin D concentrations in young Turkish women with primary dysmenorrhea: A randomized controlled study.
- In 303 people with eye fatigue, a computer model predicted that most of 58 tested would benefit from the highest dose of a lutein-containing blend over 45 days, but it did not compare against placebo.A Machine Learning Based Dose Prediction of Lutein Supplements for Individuals With Eye Fatigue.
- This baseline analysis of 65 adults with self-reported gluten sensitivity on a gluten-free diet found low vitamin D intake and reported tiredness and fatigue among their symptoms, but it did not test vitamin D supplementation or its effect on energy.Dietary and symptom assessment in adults with self-reported non-coeliac gluten sensitivity.
- In a small cross-sectional pilot of 23 people with multiple sclerosis, vitamin D intake from food was only weakly and not clearly linked to physical capacity or fatigue.Is diet associated with physical capacity and fatigue in persons with multiple sclerosis? -Results from a pilot study.
- In a rat study lasting 6 weeks, chromium picolinate added to the diet lowered blood sugar, total cholesterol, and triglycerides and reduced oxidative stress, with a stronger effect in rats that exercised regularly. This was an animal study, not a human trial.The effects of chromium picolinate on glucose and lipid metabolism in running rats.
- In mice, biotin deficiency shortened swimming time in a forced-swim test, suggesting fatigue or low mood, and a single biotin injection quickly restored swimming time; this was an animal study with no human data.Experimental study of fatigue provoked by biotin deficiency in mice.
- In exhausted rats, a daily mix of ten nutrients including a small biotin dose (0.1 mg per kg) let them run longer, reduced oxidative damage, and increased mitochondrial proteins in muscle compared with rats given no supplement; this was an animal study and biotin's effect alone was not isolated.Mitochondrial nutrients stimulate performance and mitochondrial biogenesis in exhaustively exercised rats.
- In rats given a multi-ingredient energy formula containing niacin-bound chromium (0.45% of the formula) for 90 days, heart energy levels and heart function after an induced blood-flow interruption improved. The chromium was not tested alone, and this was an animal study.Enhanced cardiovascular function and energy level by a novel chromium (III)-supplement.
Review Totals and Summary
Members Only325 reviews
Buyers are strongly positive about Thorne Multi-Vitamin Elite P.M. Most call it a high-quality, all-in-one AM/PM multivitamin that they would keep using, and the main reservation is the number of capsules per day. **What buyers say it did for them:** Many report a general sense of feeling better, steadier energy and better sleep. One said, "Energy is higher but I don't go crazy and antsy on it." Another found the evening capsules helped their digestion and regularity and said, "If I don't take the PM capsules my sleep is interrupted." One pairs the P.M. formula with magnesium and feels "they really help my sleep quality." Someone working on their vitamin D level said it is now within normal limits. A few credit it with skin, muscle pain and fewer workout injuries, though that is one person's experience. Others simply say they "noticed a difference" when they stopped. **What they complain about:** The chief complaint is the dose. The label suggests three capsules twice daily, and reviewers call six a day inconvenient, "a bit much," or wish for fewer. Several cut back to two or stretch the supply, and one says they don't always follow the dosing advice. One buyer thought boron and magnesium might be low, but they take those separately and called it an unfair comment. Another now prefers separate supplements, though they still remember feeling well on this one. **Taste, smell, pill size and form:** Opinions are mostly good. Several say the capsules are easy to swallow and not too large, with one noting "they swallow easily." One person switched from Solgar because the tablets were too big and tasted horrible. Two say there is no after-taste, and another says it tastes good. One reviewer warns that it "might have a funky taste," though they feel the effects make up for it. **Value for money:** Buyers do not discuss price directly. They do comment on supply and quality, saying the bottle gives "a generous supply" and calling it high-quality with a transparent ingredient list. One says it is "well worth it" despite taking six capsules daily. Another notes that because of the three-pill dose, a box lasts about a month. **Who it seems to suit and who it did not:** It seems to suit people who want one comprehensive product instead of a pile of separate vitamins, including a reviewer who dislikes vegetables and uses it to fill dietary gaps. Several appreciate the separate morning and evening formulas, and some athletes and active people like it. One person praised "all the micronutrients I needed." It suits less well anyone who dislikes taking many capsules, who is very sensitive to supplements (one halves the dose), or who prefers to build a stack of individually chosen products.
Biohacker Summary
Members Only9 of 10 recommend it
Magnesium, the main ingredient, gets mostly favorable attention from the panel: four of the ten say they use it and most of the rest describe it as useful, mainly for sleep. Glycinate before bed was named by one panelist who takes it every night, and two panelists named the threonate form, with one taking 400 mg before bed. Other reasons given include muscle recovery, stress resilience, workout performance with a 30 mg electrolyte drink in the morning, calming hunger when breaking a fast, and use during surgery for nerve protection. One panelist said magnesium does not fix waking up during the night, another noted most of it sits inside cells so blood tests can miss a shortfall, and another warned that labels can make a dose look larger than it is. Among smaller ingredients in this product, vitamin D, vitamin C and zinc came up most often.
See all 10 biohackers →Hide the biohackers
Dr. Mark Hyman · Magnesium · uses
- Recommends considering magnesium glycinate before bed for nervous system support, deeper sleep quality, and to help the body transition into rest, and states that they take it every night.
- Recommends Vitamin D for health, stating that amazing things happen when patients' vitamin D statuses reach optimal levels.
- Recommends Magnesium Breakthrough Advanced 10 from Bioptimizers for restful sleep, muscle recovery, stress resilience, and metabolic health, especially during stressful times of the year.
- Mentions vitamin D as an existing biomarker that plays a role in mental health, which Function Health includes in their measurements.
- Notes that taking folate can lower homocysteine levels, which has shown health benefits and physical improvements in brain scans in clinical trials.
- Notes that vitamin D plays a role in immune function.
- Notes that some people may need a little bit extra folate with a supplement.
- Mentions that vitamin A levels can be looked at to get a deep sense of what's happening with nutrient levels.
- Recommends magnesium because it is involved in over 600 reactions in the body and up to 80% of people may have low levels that never get flagged on a standard blood test.
- Recommends magnesium as a basic supplement during detoxification to support pathways, help with constipation, and provide electrolytes.
- Recommends vitamin C as a basic supplement during detoxification to help with inflammation and detoxification.
- Recommends checking vitamin D levels and states that if they had to pick one single intervention for immune health, vitamin D would be it.
- Recommends Magnesium Breakthrough Advanced 10 from Biooptimizers, which contains 10 bioavailable forms and 550 mg of elemental magnesium, to support restful sleep, restorative sleep, muscle recovery, stress resilience, and metabolic health.
- Dr. Hyman discusses vitamin D in relation to sun exposure patterns.
Dave Asprey · Magnesium · neutral
- Mentions magnesium in the context of sleep but states that it doesn't address the core issue of waking up during the night.
- Takes Vitamin DAKE from Suppgrade Labs.
- Suggests that magnesium may help slow aging, support cellular repair, and improve sleep.
- Suggests that vitamin D supports brain health, muscle function, and focus.
- Recommends taking vitamin C for better skin health.
- States that magnesium can affect how the body responds to a supplement.
- States that folate can affect how the body responds to a supplement.
- Host Dave Asprey explains why correcting a vitamin D deficiency still makes sense for male fertility, even though supplementation did not improve overall semen parameters in a randomized trial.
- States that currently, he is only taking vitamin C and vitamin D.
- States that currently, he is only taking vitamin C and vitamin D.
- Dave Asprey's kids get a little bit of vitamin E every day, which helps to stabilize the bad oils they get when eating at restaurants.
- Recommends taking vitamin K2 with vitamin D to keep calcium in the bones, and suggests kids also take it for stronger bones.
- Recommends Vitamin K2, stating it supports healthy calcium metabolism.
- Developed a nonnano zinc sunscreen over five years, stating her skin is probably better now than it's ever been.
Dr. Eric Berg · Magnesium · neutral
- Dr. Eric Berg states that magnesium supports energy, muscle function, and sleep, and that most of it is stored inside cells, making deficiencies harder to detect with a standard blood test.
- Dr. Berg warns that the recommended daily intake for vitamin D is based on a massive error and that the actual necessary amount is closer to 8,895 IU, with millions remaining deficient.
- Recommends getting vitamin D levels tested to ensure they are between 50 and 70, as vitamin D is intimately involved in regulating prostate size.
- Discusses foods that contain Vitamin K2.
- Recommends ensuring sufficient zinc intake because the prostate needs enough zinc for the conversion from testosterone to DHT to be smooth and optimized.
- Recommends taking at least 10,000 IUs of vitamin D3 every single day in the winter, stating it is the most important vitamin to lower cancer risk.
- Recommends vitamin D to support the immune system, aiming for blood levels between 80 to 100 ng per ml.
- Notes that magnesium could also be a factor in preventing muscle cramps.
- Mentions that lemon is loaded with vitamin C, and when combined with coffee, vitamin C significantly increases the bioavailability of antioxidants in the coffee.
- Recommends magnesium, specifically magnesium glycinate, stating it is key for D3 and K2 to work and is probably more important than calcium for building bone.
- Recommends increasing magnesium to restore balance and support healthy blood pressure.
- Recommends taking no less than 10,000 IU's of vitamin D3 for osteoporosis, alongside magnesium and K2.
- Recommends increasing vitamin D to restore balance and support healthy blood pressure.
- Recommends taking 40 to 45 milligrams of vitamin K2 daily for osteoporosis, citing a study from Japan with great results.
Ben Greenfield · Magnesium · uses
- Uses magnesium during surgery because it is neuroprotective.
- Mentions that overshooting zinc can lead to a copper deficiency, highlighting the interplay between these elements.
- Ben Greenfield's formulation includes 30 grams of zinc a day, taken for one week before surgery and two weeks after, as it is an important cofactor for wound healing.
- Mentions a recent study showing no significant increase in bleeding for patients on Vitamin E supplementation during open heart surgery, which was interesting for him to learn.
- States that vitamin C is extremely important for collagen turnover and cites orthopedic data showing that 500 mg to 1 g of vitamin C can reduce the rate of complex regional pain in total knee replacements and wrist fractures.
- Notes that Vitamin D is actually a hormone and recommends patients aim for levels around 40 to 50, or even 60 for fracture healing, for optimal healing, as opposed to just above 20 which is considered normal.
- Says he is drinking LMNT, which contains sodium, potassium, and magnesium, and states that he actually drinks this stuff.
- Notes that Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that supports healthy skin cell turnover.
- Mentions magnesium as part of a bare-minimum protocol.
- Advises getting red blood cell magnesium levels to the high end of the range as a minimum step for overall health and to slow down heart disease.
- Mentions vitamin C as part of a bare-minimum protocol.
- Mentions vitamin D as part of a bare-minimum protocol.
- Advises getting vitamin D levels between 60 and 100 nanograms per milliliter as a minimum step for overall health and to slow down heart disease.
- Discusses vitamin K2, specifically the menaquinone forms, as crucial for arterial health and notes that it breaks down into MK-4 and MK-7.
Dr. Rhonda Patrick · Magnesium · neutral
- Magnesium supplementation has lowered blood pressure in randomized controlled trials. An analysis of 34 trials involving over 2,000 participants found modest reductions in both systolic and diastolic pressure, with a median dose of 368 mg/day.
- Warns that some magnesium supplements make the dose look much larger than it really is and that labels can fool people.
- Vitamin D supplementation was linked to a 40% lower risk of dementia in an observational study of more than 12,000 older adults.
- Mentions that vitamin D also plays a role in maintaining muscle mass.
- Mentions magnesium as an important nutrient component for testosterone.
- Notes that not getting enough zinc can affect testosterone, as zinc is very important for testosterone synthesis.
- Warns that some supplement companies mislead consumers by listing the total compound weight of magnesium citrate as the elemental magnesium dose, when the actual elemental magnesium content is much lower, potentially around 44-66 milligrams.
- Recommends ensuring adequate vitamin D intake for men's sperm health.
- Recommends men take a 30 milligram zinc supplement for sperm health when preparing for IVF.
- Recommends ensuring adequate methyl folate intake, ideally through a prenatal vitamin, for women preparing for IVF.
- Vitamin D and strength training alone did not, but adding them strengthened the effect on one clock, with the full combination slowing that measure by ~3.8 months.
- States there is not yet strong, consistent evidence that magnesium supplementation reliably improves sleep, noting that while some meta-analyses suggest it can improve sleep quality scores, sleep efficiency, and sleep duration, individual studies are inconsistent and several have found no meaningful effect.
- Lutein and zeaxanthin can also be obtained from certain multivitamins.
- Lutein and zeaxanthin can also be obtained from certain multivitamins.
Thomas DeLauer · Magnesium · uses
- Uses Element's cans which contain 30 milligram magnesium, finding that electrolytes help his workout performance.
- Recommends taking vitamin C along with collagen about an hour before a workout for connective tissue benefits.
- Uses Element's 30 mg magnesium cans first thing in the morning to prime his day and help with workout performance.
- Recommends magnesium around the time one would normally break a fast to calm the brain and dull feelings of conditioned hunger.
- Uses vitamin C as part of their immunity duo, stating it is important for boosting the immune system, especially during cold and flu season.
- Adds zinc to their immunity duo because it helps them absorb vitamin C, considering the two together a fantastic combination for fall and winter.
- Uses vitamin D3 in the fall and winter months when getting less sun, as it's important to supplement it then.
- Recommends taking a massive amount of vitamin D simultaneously with an early morning massive breakfast to help reset circadian rhythms and address hyperphagia.
- Recommends magnesium, noting it is a cofactor for enzymes that build neurotransmitters, and deficiency can affect mood, happiness, and motivation.
- Recommends zinc, noting it is a cofactor for enzymes that build neurotransmitters, and deficiency can affect mood, happiness, and motivation.
- Recommends Vitamin D, stating that it has receptors throughout the brain and deficiency can quickly impact brain and mood.
- Notes that modern agricultural practices have led to soils depleted of trace minerals like magnesium, resulting in widespread magnesium deficiency.
- Takes supplemental vitamin D because he is skin sensitive and from northern latitudes, limiting his UV exposure.
- Recommends taking vitamin D on non-liver days to ensure both nutrients get proper receptor access.
Siim Land · Magnesium · recommends
- States that Magnesium can be a useful addition for some people for sleep.
- Advises against taking vitamin D in the morning with other supplements because it is fat soluble and requires dietary fat for better absorption.
- Recommends taking Vitamin D with fat for better absorption.
- Recommends taking vitamin C with collagen to support joint collagen synthesis.
- States that Vitamin D connects biology to light and that UVB reaching the skin enables its production.
- States that vitamin C is needed for initiating collagen synthesis and that higher vitamin C intake appears to increase vitamin C content in the skin.
- Mentions that copper is a mineral necessary for making collagen.
- Recommends magnesium for sleep, especially deep sleep, and suggests trying better types like Threonate, Biscinate, or Torate, referencing a study where magnesium supplementation improved deep sleep.
- Notes that Vitamin K2 helps activate proteins involved in bone mineralization and calcium regulation.
- Mentions that prunes contain vitamin K, which is a factor in their ability to help with bone density.
- Boron is a mineral that helps with bone density and vitamin D utilization, and also helps to increase free testosterone by reducing SHBG.
- Recommends Magnesium for blood pressure, migraines and deficiency, based primarily on human research, especially randomized controlled trials showing measurable benefits.
- Recommends Vitamin K2 for bone health and calcium metabolism, based primarily on human research, especially randomized controlled trials showing measurable benefits.
- Lists Magnesium as one of 15 supplements backed by human studies.
Andrew Huberman · Magnesium · neutral
- Discusses Magnesium Threonate as a tool for falling asleep.
- Zinc carnosine to support and improve the lining of your gut.
- Notes that AG1 Pro contains zinc carnosine to support and improve the lining of the gut.
- States that AG1 Pro contains zinc carnosine to support and improve the lining of the gut.
- Uses AG1 Pro, which contains zinc carnosine to support and improve the lining of the gut.
- States that AG1 Pro contains zinc carnosine to support and improve the lining of the gut, and he was already taking some of these ingredients separately.
- States that AG1 Pro includes zinc carnosine, which he was already taking separately, to support and improve the lining of the gut.
- Notes that most people are probably deficient in vitamin D and benefit from supplementing, but there's no point in doing it unless you're deficient for most things.
- Personally takes zinc carnosine, which is included in AG1 Pro to support and improve the lining of the gut.
- AG1 Pro has zinc carnosine to support and improve the lining of your gut. Some of these ingredients I personally was already taking separate from the AG1 formula.
- States that AG1 Pro contains zinc carnosine to support and improve the lining of your gut.
- Uses AG1 Pro, which contains zinc carnosine to support and improve the lining of the gut.
- Takes 400 mg of Magnesium Threonate before bed for sleep.
- Takes 5,000 IU of Vitamin D3 in the morning for longevity.
Bryan Johnson · Magnesium · uses
- Takes 400 mg of Magnesium Threonate before bed for sleep.
- Takes 90 mcg of Vitamin K2 in the morning for general health.
- Takes 5000 IU of Vitamin D3 in the morning for general health.
- Takes 400 mg of Magnesium L-Threonate before bed for sleep.
- Takes 5000 IU of Vitamin D3 in the morning for general health.
- Mentions that the sunlight assessment claims low vitamin D levels cause the immune system to misfire, and notes that their vitamin D has been measured.
- Takes 400 mg of Magnesium Threonate before bed for sleep.
- Takes 100 mcg of Vitamin K2 in the morning for longevity.
- Takes 5000 IU of Vitamin D3 in the morning for longevity.
- Takes 2 mg of Boron in the morning for longevity.
- Takes 15 mg of Zinc in the morning for longevity.
- He takes 400 mg of Double Wood Magnesium L-Threonate before bed for sleep.
- He takes 100 mcg of Vitamin K2 in the morning for general health.
- He takes 5000 IU of Vitamin D3 in the morning for general health.
Peter Attia · Magnesium · neutral
- Peter reviews the evidence for select off-label medications and supplements commonly used for sleep, including glycine, magnesium, ashwagandha, and phosphatidylserine.
- Suggests that zinc and magnesium could potentially help with vasodilation and sleep, particularly for women experiencing severe symptoms in the luteal phase.
- Lists vitamin D as one of her staple supplements.
- Suggests that zinc and magnesium could potentially help with vasodilation and sleep, particularly for women experiencing severe symptoms in the luteal phase.
- Discusses the dangers of supplementing with high levels of iodine.
- Notes that several studies show patients taking vitamin D can reduce TPO levels and prolong the honeymoon period of Hashimoto's disease.
- Warns that high-dose iodine supplementation carries a risk of autoimmune thyroid disease, citing increased incidence in Japan due to higher dietary iodine intake.
- Notes that several studies show patients taking selenium can reduce TPO levels and prolong the honeymoon period of Hashimoto's disease.
- Peter discusses electrolytes and fiber and the ketogenic diet, specifically preventing magnesium loss.
- States that in mouse studies, there was a combined effect of alpha ketoglutarate with vitamin D for both sexes.
- Notes that in mouse studies, there was a combined effect of alpha ketoglutarate with vitamin A for male mice.
- Uses vitamin D as an example of how people might dismiss its efficacy due to failed clinical trials that didn't adjust the dose or measure levels.
- In mouse studies, Peter Attia's team found a combined effect of AKG with Vitamin D for both sexes.
- In mouse studies, Peter Attia's team found a combined effect of AKG with Vitamin A for male mice.
RAL Summary
Members OnlyTier 4 for Energy
No written reviews could be read, yet the review summary quotes buyers and describes a combined morning and evening pack taken as six capsules a day, so it describes the A.M./P.M. set rather than this P.M. product alone. Its reviews are set aside, so it is graded on its studies alone. Human studies support Magnesium (7 of 19 human studies showed an improvement), but there are not yet enough reviews to confirm it (0).
Take 4 servings a day (12 capsules) to match the dose that worked in the studies.
- Emerging: not enough evidence to rank higher yet.
Where the evidence disagrees: 97 of the 214 human studies found no effect.
More Details
Members OnlyBody systems · Combine with · Possible side effects
Body systems: Nervous system, Muscular system, Immune system
Combine with: For thyroid support, pair this multivitamin with selenium (100-200 mcg, as selenomethionine) to support T4-to-T3 conversion and protect the thyroid from oxidative stress. Iodine in modest amounts (150 mcg) may help if dietary intake is low, but avoid excess, especially with Hashimoto's. Consider added vitamin D3 with K2 if levels are low, as deficiency is common in autoimmune thyroid disease, plus iron or ferritin support only if testing shows a deficiency. L-tyrosine or an adaptogen like ashwagandha may be useful under clinician guidance. Omega-3 fish oil can help with inflammation. Because biotin can interfere with thyroid lab tests, pause any biotin supplement for several days before blood work, and take meds separate from minerals like magnesium and zinc by about 4 hours.
Possible side effects: No major side effects reported.
Supplement Facts
Vitamin A 210 mcg · Vitamin C 150 mg · Vitamin D 12.5 mcg
| Vitamin A | 210 mcg | |
| Vitamin C | 150 mg | |
| Vitamin D | 12.5 mcg | |
| Vitamin E | 13.5 mg | |
| Vitamin K | 200 mcg | |
| Folate | 667 mcg DFE | |
| Biotin | 500 mcg | |
| Choline | 36 mg | |
| Calcium | 85 mg | |
| Iodine | 75 mcg | |
| Magnesium | 107 mg | |
| Zinc | 20 mg | |
| Selenium | 100 mcg | |
| Copper | 750 mcg | |
| Manganese | 1.5 mg | |
| Chromium | 200 mcg | |
| Proprietary Blend | 200 mg | † |
| D-Gamma-Tocopherol | 24 mg | † |
| Boron | 2 mg | † |
| Lutein | 300 mcg | † |
Other ingredients: Calcium Laurate, Hypromellose, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Dicalcium Phosphate, Silicon Dioxide.
Barcode (UPC) 693749011538 · Label source: NIH label database · Report a label change
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Our articles on this subject
- Magnesium Glycinate vs Citrate: What the Studies ShowArticle · Oct 30, 2026
- Magnesium Glycinate vs Threonate: Which Form Is Right for You?Article · Nov 6, 2026
Graded November 6, 2026 by the Reverse Age Lab evidence engine, from human studies, real reviews and our biohacker panel. How we grade. Is this medical advice? No. Rala organizes the published evidence; go over any change with your doctor, especially if you take meds.
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