Thorne Glucosamine & Chondroitin Review
Thorne Glucosamine & Chondroitin is a capsule supplement that the page presents as a combination of two compounds naturally found in the body's cartilage, offered in one formula intended to protect healthy joints and support mobility. The product page states it is designed for joint and cartilage support in the knees, shoulders, and spine, in a synergistic formula it describes as validated by clinical research. Each serving is one capsule, and the container holds 90 capsules. The listed key ingredients are Chondroitin Sulfate at 250mg and Glucosamine Sulfate (Potassium Chloride) at 500mg per capsule. Other ingredients listed are Hypromellose Capsule and Calcium Laurate. The page explains that chondroitin is a category of glycosaminoglycans, which the body needs to form important components of joint cartilage, and that taken with glucosamine it supports joint function and mobility by enhancing the body's production of GAGs and helping to prevent their degradation. Thorne states that both nutrients are provided in sulfate forms, which it describes as optimally stable, and says clinical studies have shown the combination of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate protects and supports joint surfaces more effectively than glucosamine sulfate alone. Listed benefits include helping maintain healthy joint function, supporting normal cartilage function and structure, supporting healthy cartilage of joints like knees and shoulders, supporting healthy spinal cartilage between each vertebra, helping protect joint structures, providing support for joints in aging adults, and helping maintain mobility throughout the lifespan. Listed features include an easy-to-take one capsule per serving protocol, both glucosamine and chondroitin in sulfate forms, a well-researched combination of ingredients, and small molecular weight chondroitin for improved absorption and bioavailability. The page says the product is third-party tested and certified to verify that what is in the package matches the label and to confirm it contains no unsafe levels of contaminants such as heavy metals, pesticides, and microorganisms. Warnings on the page state that the product is contraindicated in anyone with a history of hypersensitivity to any of its ingredients, and that it contains shellfish because glucosamine sulfate is derived from crab and or shrimp. Pregnant users are told to consult a health-care practitioner before use. The page reports no known adverse interactions or contraindications at publication date. The listed price is $40 for 90 capsules, or $36 with a subscription at 10 percent off, and the page notes free shipping and HSA or FSA eligibility.
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Study, Trial or Testing Result Summary
Members Only92 human studies · 50 improved
2 of these 92 human studies gave the ingredient by injection, not by mouth.
At three capsules a day, this product gives 1500 mg of glucosamine sulfate and 750 mg of chondroitin sulfate, both at or above the studied doses. For glucosamine sulfate, a pooled analysis of 47 trials in knee arthritis linked it to less pain and less joint narrowing, though the estimates were uncertain [1]. Another analysis found it slowed knee joint narrowing [2]. In 319 women, 3 years of use stopped joint narrowing and improved symptoms [3]. But 2 years did not beat placebo for knee pain or narrowing in 605 people [4] or for hip arthritis [5], and one analysis found benefit only for stiffness [6]. For chondroitin sulfate, reviews of knee trials found less pain and better function, with results varying between studies and brands [7][2]. In 300 people, 800 mg daily stopped joint narrowing but did not change symptoms [8]. Large trials of 1583 and 662 people found no clear pain benefit [9][10]. Overall, any benefit appears modest and inconsistent. Animal and cell studies are never counted.
See all 92 studies →Hide the studies
- In a pooled analysis of 47 trials (22,037 adults with knee osteoarthritis) lasting 1 to 4 years, glucosamine sulfate was linked to less pain and less joint space narrowing than placebo, though the estimates were uncertain.Association of Pharmacological Treatments With Long-term Pain Control in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic…
- In 21 trials of 3,965 people with hand osteoarthritis, chondroitin sulfate was not reported to help pain, stiffness or function and had the highest rate of side effects, though the estimate was uncertain.Systematic review and network meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of parmacotherapy for hand osteoarthritis.
- In eight trials with 3,793 people with knee osteoarthritis, glucosamine plus chondroitin beat placebo on the total joint symptom score but not on pain scores, with little difference in safety.Efficacy and safety of the combination of glucosamine and chondroitin for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and m…
- In six trials with 1,502 people with knee osteoarthritis (four on chondroitin), taking chondroitin sulfate daily for over 2 years slightly slowed the narrowing of the joint space compared with controls.Effect of glucosamine or chondroitin sulfate on the osteoarthritis progression: a meta-analysis.
- In 16 studies of 901 people with jaw joint osteoarthritis, hyaluronic acid injections with or without glucosamine helped over time, but were not consistently better than conservative care.Effectiveness of treatments for temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Pooling seven trials of 372 people with osteoarthritis taking chondroitin sulfate for 120 days or more, it beat placebo on pain and joint function scores, with at least 50% improvement reported, though most patients also used meds.A metaanalysis of chondroitin sulfate in the treatment of osteoarthritis.
- This analysis of osteoarthritis trials found glucosamine and chondroitin had modest benefit for symptoms and were safe, with preliminary signs of slowing disease.Glucosamine and chondroitin for osteoarthritis?
- In a pooled analysis of 69 placebo-controlled studies of osteoarthritis supplements, glucosamine gave statistically significant pain relief of unclear clinical importance, with no clinically important effect at medium or long term.Dietary supplements for treating osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- In 30 trials of knee or hip osteoarthritis, glucosamine beat placebo only on stiffness, not pain or function, with no more side effects than placebo.Effectiveness and safety of glucosamine and chondroitin for the treatment of osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis of randomiz…
- Across 25 placebo-controlled trials in knee osteoarthritis (9 on glucosamine sulfate), glucosamine sulfate significantly reduced narrowing of the knee joint space, while the combination with chondroitin did not significantly reduce pain or improve physical function.Evaluation of efficacy and safety of glucosamine sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, and their combination regimen in the mana…
- A summary of 13 reviews covering 50 trials found it unclear whether chondroitin sulfate improves pain or function in osteoarthritis because the certainty of the evidence is very low.Is chondroitin sulfate effective for osteoarthritis?
- In 18 placebo-controlled trials in knee osteoarthritis, chondroitin sulfate reduced pain and improved function, but results varied widely between studies, brands and study sizes.Efficacy of Chondroitin Sulfate in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Exploring Inconsiste…
- This review of osteoarthritis supplements found glucosamine sulfate had a moderate effect on pain while glucosamine hydrochloride had none, and no supplement changed disease progression.Supplementary methods in the nonsurgical treatment of osteoarthritis.
- A review of diet and rheumatic disease studies found moderate evidence that glucosamine gives a small benefit on osteoarthritis progression.Effects of diet on the outcomes of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs): systematic review and meta-analyses in…
- In a review of 146 studies, mostly on osteoarthritis and joint pain, over 90% of efficacy studies reported positive outcomes with glucosamine and/or chondroitin, commonly 1500 mg of glucosamine daily, with few side effects.The Safety and Efficacy of Glucosamine and/or Chondroitin in Humans: A Systematic Review.
- In 1583 people with painful knee osteoarthritis, 1500 mg of glucosamine daily for 24 weeks did not reduce knee pain by 20% significantly more than placebo (3.9 percentage points higher, not significant).Glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, and the two in combination for painful knee osteoarthritis.
- In a trial of 1,583 people with knee osteoarthritis, chondroitin sulfate did not significantly reduce knee pain versus placebo, but people taking it had less knee joint swelling.Potential effects of chondroitin sulfate on joint swelling: a GAIT report.
- In 662 adults with knee osteoarthritis, chondroitin sulphate at 1200 mg daily for 2 years did not reduce pain or improve function significantly more than placebo.Read the study on PubMed (20525840) →
- In 627 people with knee osteoarthritis over 24 weeks, a combination of 1,500 mg glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin was as effective as the reference product, and 89.4% of people taking it had a clinically meaningful improvement.Treatment of knee osteoarthritis with a new formulation of a fixed-dose combination of glucosamine sulfate and bovine ch…
- In 606 people with painful knee osteoarthritis, 6 months of glucosamine hydrochloride plus chondroitin sulfate (1500 mg glucosamine daily) reduced pain about as well as a med, with 79.7% meeting response criteria, and had a low rate of side effects.Read the study on PubMed (25589511) →
- In 605 people with knee osteoarthritis, 1500 mg of glucosamine sulfate daily for two years did not slow joint space narrowing or reduce knee pain more than placebo; only the combination with chondroitin slowed narrowing.Glucosamine and chondroitin for knee osteoarthritis: a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluat…
- In 407 middle-aged women at high risk, oral glucosamine sulfate over 2.5 years did not significantly reduce the chance of developing knee osteoarthritis compared with placebo.Prevention of knee osteoarthritis in overweight females: the first preventive randomized controlled trial in osteoarthri…
- In 319 postmenopausal women with knee osteoarthritis, 3 years of glucosamine sulfate stopped joint space narrowing seen with placebo and improved symptom scores by about 14%, while placebo scores worsened by about 5%.Glucosamine sulfate reduces osteoarthritis progression in postmenopausal women with knee osteoarthritis: evidence from t…
- In a placebo-controlled 24-week trial of 307 adults with knee arthritis taking 1 g of chondroitin sulphate daily, the main pain and function measures did not reach significance, though 68 percent of the chondroitin group were responders versus 56 percent on placebo, with slightly better pain and quality of life.Effect of chondroitin sulphate in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-cont…
- In a 2-year placebo-controlled trial of 300 people with knee osteoarthritis, 800 mg of chondroitin sulfate daily stopped the joint space narrowing seen in the placebo group on knee X-rays, though it did not change symptoms significantly.Chondroitins 4 and 6 sulfate in osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized, controlled trial.
- In 255 people with osteoarthritis over 4 weeks, a Chinese herbal capsule improved joint pain and function scores more than glucosamine sulfate, which was the comparison arm in this trial."Efficacy and safety of Xinfeng capsule in the treatment of osteoarthritis: a multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, c…
- In a double-blind trial of 252 adults with knee osteoarthritis, 500 mg of glucosamine sulfate three times daily for 4 weeks reduced symptom scores more than placebo, and 55% of evaluable people on glucosamine responded compared with 38% on placebo.Glucosamine sulfate in osteoarthritis of the knee.
- In a placebo-controlled 6-month trial of 251 adults with Kashin-Beck joint disease, chondroitin sulfate alone reduced total joint score and stiffness more than placebo, and the combination with glucosamine also reduced joint pain.Chondroitin sulfate and/or glucosamine hydrochloride for Kashin-Beck disease: a cluster-randomized, placebo-controlled s…
- In 222 adults with hip osteoarthritis, 1500 mg daily of glucosamine sulfate for 2 years did not reduce pain or loss of function better than placebo and did not slow joint space narrowing.Effect of glucosamine sulfate on hip osteoarthritis: a randomized trial.
- In 201 people with chronic knee pain, 1,500 mg glucosamine hydrochloride daily for 24 weeks did not slow knee cartilage damage or reduce cartilage breakdown markers more than placebo.Effect of oral glucosamine on joint structure in individuals with chronic knee pain: a randomized, placebo-controlled cl…
- In 200 hospitalized adults with knee osteoarthritis, 1500 mg daily of glucosamine sulfate for 4 weeks worked about as well as 1200 mg daily of a med, with 48% of the glucosamine group responding, and it caused far fewer side effects.Read the study on PubMed (11548225) →
- In 189 people with knee osteoarthritis, 1200 mg of chondroitin sulfate combined with glucosamine daily for 6 months lowered the inflammation marker IL-6 by 9%, while a med did not lower it.Read the study on PubMed (30648524) →
- In 178 Chinese adults with knee osteoarthritis taking 1500 mg daily of glucosamine sulfate for 4 weeks, symptoms improved about as much as with a med, with fewer side effects and dropouts.Read the study on PubMed (9638313) →
- In 177 adults with hip or knee osteoarthritis taking 1500 mg daily of glucosamine sulfate for 26 weeks, symptoms such as stiffness and pain fell by roughly 42% to 55%, with glucosamine alone performing less well than glucosamine plus omega-3 fats.Effect of glucosamine sulfate with or without omega-3 fatty acids in patients with osteoarthritis.
- Over 6 months, 1200 mg chondroitin sulfate plus 1500 mg glucosamine sulfate daily did not beat placebo for knee pain in 164 adults with knee osteoarthritis; in the full-group analysis it was worse than placebo, while per-protocol completers showed no difference.Combined Treatment With Chondroitin Sulfate and Glucosamine Sulfate Shows No Superiority Over Placebo for Reduction of J…
- In 150 adults with Kashin-Beck disease, 12 weeks of oral glucosamine sulfate reduced joint pain and stiffness more than placebo, though less than a hyaluronic acid injection.Hyaluronic acid and glucosamine sulfate for adult Kashin-Beck disease: a cluster-randomized, placebo-controlled study.
- In a 2-year trial of 138 people with knee osteoarthritis, 1200 mg of chondroitin sulfate daily reduced loss of medial knee cartilage volume more than a med, as measured by MRI.Read the study on PubMed (27809891) →
- In 137 adults with knee osteoarthritis who had already improved on glucosamine, stopping it for 6 months (versus switching to placebo) made no difference in flares, pain, or function.Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled glucosamine discontinuation trial in knee osteoarthritis.
- In 136 people with jaw joint osteoarthritis receiving hyaluronic acid injections, adding oral glucosamine gave greater pain relief and lower inflammatory markers than placebo after 1 year.Glucosamine oral administration as an adjunct to hyaluronic acid injection in treating temporomandibular joint osteoarth…
- In 130 adults with knee osteoarthritis, 1 g of chondroitin sulfate daily for 3 months gave a non-significant overall improvement in function versus placebo, but significant benefits in completers, including less pain at rest and a lasting effect one month after stopping.Chondroitin sulfate in osteoarthritis of the knee: a prospective, double blind, placebo controlled multicenter clinical …
- In a 3-month placebo-controlled trial of 129 people with knee osteoarthritis and psoriasis, 800 mg daily of chondroitin sulphate reduced knee pain and stiffness more than placebo, and improved quality of life.Effectiveness of chondroitin sulphate in patients with concomitant knee osteoarthritis and psoriasis: a randomized, doub…
- In 127 adults with knee osteoarthritis, 1200 mg of chondroitin sulfate taken once daily for 3 months reduced joint pain and improved symptoms more than placebo, and performed the same as 400 mg taken three times daily.Efficacy and tolerability of chondroitin sulfate 1200 mg/day vs chondroitin sulfate 3 x 400 mg/day vs placebo.
- In 120 people, 90 days of a liquid supplement containing collagen, glucosamine and chondroitin reduced joint pain by 43% and improved joint mobility by 39%, and also improved skin elasticity.Daily oral supplementation with collagen peptides combined with vitamins and other bioactive compounds improves skin ela…
- In 120 adults with knee osteoarthritis, 800 mg daily chondroitin sulfate given as two 3-month courses per year reduced knee function scores by 36% over 1 year versus 23% with placebo, and slowed joint space narrowing.Intermittent treatment of knee osteoarthritis with oral chondroitin sulfate: a one-year, randomized, double-blind, multi…
- In a post hoc analysis of a 2-year trial of 1200 mg daily chondroitin sulfate versus a med, chondroitin reduced knee cartilage loss only in patients with certain serum biomarker levels, suggesting a possible subgroup response.Levels of serum biomarkers from a two-year multicentre trial are associated with treatment response on knee osteoarthrit…
- In a placebo-controlled 3-year trial of 119 adults with finger joint arthritis taking 1200 mg of chondroitin sulfate daily, fewer patients developed new erosive joint damage than on placebo.Chondroitin sulfate: S/DMOAD (structure/disease modifying anti-osteoarthritis drug) in the treatment of finger joint OA.
- In 100 Japanese adults with knee pain, a multi-ingredient supplement containing 60 mg chondroitin sulfate plus glucosamine and other ingredients for 16 weeks showed no overall advantage over placebo, though some subgroups had better walking speed and knee strength.Glucosamine-containing supplement improves locomotor functions in subjects with knee pain: a randomized, double-blind, p…
- In 100 people with knee osteoarthritis, a new glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate capsule worked about as well as an established glucosamine and chondroitin product over 12 weeks, with both reducing pain and similar safety.Multicenter, randomized, double-blind clinical trial to evaluate efficacy and safety of combined glucosamine sulfate and…
- In 98 adults with knee osteoarthritis, 1500 mg daily of glucosamine for 2 months did not reduce pain better than placebo.Randomized, controlled trial of glucosamine for treating osteoarthritis of the knee.
- In 90 adults with knee osteoarthritis taking 500 mg of glucosamine sulfate three times daily for 8 weeks, joint pain, stiffness and function scores improved, though less than with a Chinese herbal recipe.Clinical efficacy and safety of Gubitong Recipe () in treating osteoarthritis of knee joint.
- In 80 adults with Kashin-Beck disease, 1600 mg daily of a chondroitin and glucosamine mixture for 8 months slowed knee joint space narrowing compared with placebo, which narrowed significantly.Effects of chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine in adult patients with Kaschin-Beck disease.
- In 80 adults with osteoarthritis, 415 mg chondroitin sulfate plus 500 mg glucosamine twice daily for 84 days gave smaller improvements in pain, stiffness and walking than a curcumagalactomannoside plus glucosamine combination.Curcumagalactomannoside/Glucosamine Combination Improved Joint Health Among Osteoarthritic Subjects as Compared to Chond…
- In 80 adults with knee osteoarthritis and moderate pain, a daily 20 mL liquid mix containing 250 mg chondroitin, 750 mg glucosamine and 50 mg hyaluronan for 8 weeks did not significantly improve pain or quality of life compared with placebo.Liquid combination of hyaluronan, glucosamine, and chondroitin as a dietary supplement for knee osteoarthritis patients …
- In 73 Japanese adults with knee osteoarthritis, 1560 mg daily of chondroitin sulfate for one year relieved pain faster than the low dose in patients with severe symptoms, with good tolerability.Efficacy of Chondroitin Sulfate for Painful Knee Osteoarthritis: A One-Year, Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter Clini…
- In 70 adults with knee arthritis followed for 6 months, chondroitin sulfate cut joint lining swelling by about half and relieved pain, while a med did not reduce swelling.Effect of chondroitin sulphate on synovitis of knee osteoarthritic patients.
- In 70 adults with early-to-moderate knee arthritis, a multi-ingredient product was no less effective than chondroitin sulfate plus glucosamine hydrochloride over 6 months, with no difference in WOMAC scores or pain between groups.[Comparative efficacy of a combination of undenatured type II collagen, Boswellic acids, methylsulfonylmethane, vitamins…
- In a 6-month placebo-controlled pilot of 69 people with knee osteoarthritis and joint swelling, 800 mg daily of chondroitin sulphate led to less loss of knee cartilage volume than placebo, with the difference seen as early as 6 months and lasting to 12 months.Chondroitin sulphate reduces both cartilage volume loss and bone marrow lesions in knee osteoarthritis patients starting…
- In 67 men with knee osteoarthritis, pain and function improved in all groups after 6 weeks, and adding high-intensity laser to glucosamine/chondroitin and exercise gave a larger synovial thickness reduction than glucosamine/chondroitin with exercise alone, though the chondroitin contribution could not be separated from the laser effect.Efficacy of pulsed Nd:YAG laser in the treatment of patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial.
- In 65 adults with knee osteoarthritis doing supervised exercise for 6 months, adding a glucosamine sulfate formula led to more people reaching a clinically meaningful symptom improvement at 3 months (63% vs 31% with placebo) than exercise plus placebo.Nutrition supplementation combined with exercise versus exercise alone in treating knee osteoarthritis: a double-blinded…
- In 65 postmenopausal women with knee arthritis, adding the probiotic Probio-M8 to chondroitin sulfate over 4 months lowered WOMAC symptom scores compared with placebo plus chondroitin sulfate and shifted immune signaling markers in an anti-inflammatory direction.Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Probio-M8 enhances chondroitin efficacy for knee osteoarthritis in postmenopausal…
- In 60 adults with knee osteoarthritis flare-ups, a glucosamine and chondroitin combination for 8 months reduced pain, and adding collagen gave greater pain relief and better function than the combination alone.[Combination therapy for exacerbations of pain in osteoarthritis with non-fixed combinations].
- In 60 overweight adults with knee osteoarthritis, 600 mg of non-animal chondroitin sulfate daily for 12 weeks improved knee function and pain scores and lowered C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate compared with placebo.Effectiveness of Non-Animal Chondroitin Sulfate Supplementation in the Treatment of Moderate Knee Osteoarthritis in a Gr…
- In 59 people with jaw joint osteoarthritis, 1,200 mg glucosamine sulfate daily for 6 weeks did not improve pain or jaw opening more than placebo.No effect of glucosamine sulfate on osteoarthritis in the temporomandibular joints--a randomized, controlled, short-term…
- In 54 people with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis, a supplement with glucosamine hydrochloride, collagen and chondroitin for 12 weeks improved symptoms and quality of life more than placebo, but missed its main study goal.Effects of cartilage-supporting nutritional supplementation on knee osteoarthritis symptoms and quality of life in a 12-…
- In 53 people with knee osteoarthritis, a glucosamine, chondroitin and curcumin supplement taken for 8 weeks alongside physical therapy reduced pain during movement and improved function more than placebo.The efficacy and safety of a combination of glucosamine hydrochloride, chondroitin sulfate and bio-curcumin with exercis…
- In 53 people with knee osteoarthritis, glucosamine sulfate delivered by electrical iontophoresis twice a week for 12 weeks reduced pain and improved knee movement and physical function, but joint space width results differed by group, with cross-friction massage giving better medial joint space and iontophoresis giving better lateral joint space.Symptoms-modifying effects of electromotive administration of glucosamine sulphate among patients with knee osteoarthrit…
- In a 1-year pilot of 42 adults with knee osteoarthritis, 800 mg daily chondroitin sulfate significantly reduced joint pain and improved mobility compared with placebo, and appeared to stabilize joint space width.Effects of oral chondroitin sulfate on the progression of knee osteoarthritis: a pilot study.
- In 39 women with knee osteoarthritis, adding 1500 mg per day of glucosamine sulfate to exercise for 12 weeks improved pain and function, but it did not do better than exercise alone on pain, function, or knee cartilage MRI measures.Assessment of the effect of glucosamine sulfate and exercise on knee cartilage using magnetic resonance imaging in patie…
- In 36 older adults with knee osteoarthritis doing 12 weeks of strength training, glucosamine lowered a blood marker of cartilage turnover by about 13% compared with placebo, while a med did not.Read the study on PubMed (19679221) →
- In 34 Navy men with knee joint degeneration, 1500 mg of glucosamine hydrochloride daily combined with chondroitin and manganese ascorbate for 16 weeks reduced knee symptoms more than placebo.Glucosamine, chondroitin, and manganese ascorbate for degenerative joint disease of the knee or low back: a randomized, …
- In 31 people with jaw joint disc displacement, 8 weeks of 1500 mg glucosamine plus chondroitin sulfate increased mouth opening more than tramadol and lowered two inflammatory markers in joint fluid, though pain relief was similar to tramadol.Effects of glucosamine-chondroitin combination on synovial fluid IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and PGE2 levels in internal derangem…
- In a 4-week pilot of 30 adults with swollen knee osteoarthritis, a daily supplement containing 240 mg chondroitin sulfate improved pain and function scores and lowered inflammatory IL-8, IL-6 and IL-10 in joint fluid, while the non-supplement control group showed no change.Effect of an oral preparation containing hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, hydrolyzed collagen type II and hydrolyze…
- In 26 adults with jaw joint osteoarthritis, three months of glucosamine, chondroitin and methylsulfonylmethane after a joint procedure gave no extra benefit in pain, chewing or jaw movement compared with the procedure alone.Does glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, and methylsulfonylmethane supplementation improve the outcome of temporomandibula…
- In 24 people with knee osteoarthritis, adding glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate to exercise and manual therapy for 4 weeks gave no extra benefit over exercise and manual therapy alone.Effects of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate supplementation in addition to resistance exercise training and manual th…
- In 16 people with degenerated kneecap cartilage, glucosamine sulfate taken for 6 months reduced pain and improved knee function compared with the control group, and changed cartilage blood flow on imaging.Glucosamine sulfate effect on the degenerated patellar cartilage: preliminary findings by pharmacokinetic magnetic reson…
- In an 8-week placebo-controlled trial, glucosamine hydrochloride (a different salt than glucosamine sulfate) did not significantly reduce knee osteoarthritis pain versus placebo on the main questionnaire, though some diary and knee exam measures favored it.Effect of glucosamine hydrochloride in the treatment of pain of osteoarthritis of the knee.
- A small preliminary randomized trial of a topical glucosamine and chondroitin cream with exercise for knee cartilage damage found no statistically significant difference between treated groups, though some patients had pain reduction.Phonophoretic application of a glucosamine and chondroitin nanoemulsion for treatment of knee chondropathies.
- In 909 people with knee osteoarthritis analyzed, glucosamine sulfate plus chondroitin sulfate for 16 weeks reduced knee pain and improved function whether taken once or three times daily, similar to glucosamine hydrochloride plus chondroitin, with no placebo group.Combined glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate, once or three times daily, provides clinically relevant analgesia in knee …
- In 60 people with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis, a marine compound (LD-1227) improved symptoms faster and more than a glucosamine plus chondroitin mixture (400 mg chondroitin) over 18 weeks, though this trial did not test chondroitin alone against placebo.Testing a novel bioactive marine nutraceutical on osteoarthritis patients.
- In 50 people with early knee osteoarthritis, two chondroitin sulphate drugs both improved pain, walking and function scores, with Chondrolon showing gains sooner (around 8 months versus 12 months for Structum).[Functional indices in assessment of gonarthrosis treatment efficacy with structum and chondrolon].
- In 24 adults with erosive hand osteoarthritis, 800 mg daily of chondroitin sulfate plus a med for 24 months slowed the increase in eroded finger joints compared with a med alone, but did not stop the erosions from progressing.Chondroitin sulfate in erosive osteoarthritis of the hands.
- In an open study of 112 people with knee osteoarthritis, three weekly knee injections of hyaluronate with chondroitin sulfate lowered pain scores over 6 months, though there was no control group.Effectiveness of intra-articular injections of sodium hyaluronate-chondroitin sulfate in knee osteoarthritis: a multicen…
- In 84 adults with knee osteoarthritis, a 6-week open-label trial found that 415 mg chondroitin sulfate plus glucosamine twice daily produced less improvement in pain, function and walking than a low-dose curcumagalactomannoside product.Influence of a low-dose supplementation of curcumagalactomannoside complex (CurQfen) in knee osteoarthritis: A randomize…
- In an open, uncontrolled 6-month study of 78 adults with knee or hip osteoarthritis, a supplement containing chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine reduced pain and improved walking and daily function scores.Effectiveness of a Dietary Supplement Containing Hydrolyzed Collagen, Chondroitin Sulfate, and Glucosamine in Pain Reduc…
- In 72 people with one-sided knee osteoarthritis, 800 mg of chondroitin sulfate daily over six months reduced pain and improved function, with a significant change in the cartilage breakdown marker Coll2-1 at three and six months, in an open-label study without a placebo group.Effect of chondroitin sulfate on soluble biomarkers of osteoarthritis: a method to analyze and interpret the results fro…
- In 61 people with hip, knee or finger osteoarthritis, chondroitin sulfate over three months significantly reduced pain and let patients cut their daily anti-inflammatory meds use by 72%, with no serious side effects, in an open study without a control group.[Results of a multicenter study of chondroitin sulfate (Condrosulf) use in arthroses of the finger, knee and hip joints]…
- In a French database of 11,772 people with knee osteoarthritis followed for one year, those taking glucosamine (Structoflex) were more likely to stop their anti-inflammatory painkillers and used them for fewer days than matched patients not taking a slow-acting treatment.Read the study on PubMed (24127735) →
- In a 6-month open-label study of 2,030 adults with osteoarthritis taking glucosamine sulfate with copper and ginger root, pain decreased in patients who kept taking it, and 80% were good at taking it as prescribed; the abstract does not give the dose or a comparison group.Read the study on PubMed (40950260) →
- In a longitudinal analysis within the LEGS glucosamine trial, 498 people with painful knee osteoarthritis were followed for 1 to 2 years; the abstract does not report a glucosamine effect on joint narrowing, only that taking meds was linked to more joint space narrowing (about 12% of participants progressed).Clinical risk factors associated with radiographic osteoarthritis progression among people with knee pain: a longitudina…
- In elderly patients with knee arthritis, adding chondroitin sulfate to usual care reduced pain, stiffness and functional limits by the second month, and all patients cut back on anti-inflammatory pain tablets.[Clinical use of chondroitin sulfate in patients with osteoarthritis in geriatric practice].
- In 46 people with knee osteoarthritis, 3 months of a glucosamine, chondroitin and quercetin glucoside supplement improved pain, daily activities and joint fluid properties, while no such effects were seen in 22 people with rheumatoid arthritis.Effects of an oral administration of glucosamine-chondroitin-quercetin glucoside on the synovial fluid properties in pat…
- A cost analysis of knee osteoarthritis trial data over six months found glucosamine sulfate cost-effective compared with paracetamol and placebo, though its clinical benefit over placebo was modest and not consistently significant.Glucosamine sulphate in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: cost-effectiveness comparison with paracetamol.
Review Totals and Summary
Members Only2,542 reviews · 92% positive
Thorne Glucosamine & Chondroitin capsules are well regarded, with about 1,162 ratings across the stores and most of them positive. Buyers mainly praise the joint comfort and their trust in the brand, and the few complaints concern fulfilment and capsule quality. Reviews of other forms of the product were left out. **What buyers say it did for them:** Many describe less joint stiffness and ache. Some have taken it for years and notice a difference, and one reviewer noticed the effect when they stopped taking it. Others say "It does exactly what it says it does. Helps achy joints." and "I definitely notice a difference when I've gone off of it." One reviewer says they switched from another joint product that upset their stomach and got "the same joint relief without any pain." Store summaries add knee comfort for runners and for a buyer's mother, and one reviewer says it helps with achy muscles. The results are not uniform, though. One store's summary says some users report significant benefit while others notice no change, and a buyer who took it alongside other supplements was unsure how much it helped. Another reviewer said they would need longer to judge. **What they complain about:** Complaints are few and are about service and quality control, not effectiveness. One reviewer wrote "Didn't receive my order." Another received capsules that were empty, and the replacement had the same problem: "It happened on the replacement again too." One store's summary mentions shipping experiences varying, with some praising quick delivery and others running into problems. Several of the lower ratings are not explained in the written feedback. **Taste, smell, pill size and form:** The reviews and summaries say nothing about taste, smell or capsule size. One buyer says they had "no GI issues," and another found a different product hard on the stomach and this one fine. **Value for money:** Price is barely discussed. One buyer calls it the "Best product on the market" and asks the company not to raise prices, which suggests they are satisfied with the current cost. No reviewer complains about price. **Brand trust and testing:** This is the most consistent theme. Buyers say they value testing and third-party verification. One reviewer says "I am comfortable using Thorne products and appreciate all the testing." Another says Thorne's products are "verified," and a personal trainer recommended the brand to them. A store summary notes that buyers return for this reason. **Who it seems to suit and who it did not:** It seems to suit people with stiff or achy joints who want a tested product, including long-term users and people who found other brands less effective. It also suited at least one buyer whose stomach was upset by another joint supplement. It suited athletes and active people who mentioned knee strain. It did not suit buyers who got empty capsules or no delivery, and it did little for those who noticed no change in their joints. Because many written reviews are short and general, they say little about how fast it works or how it compares with other glucosamine and chondroitin products.
Biohacker Summary
Members Only8 of 10 recommend it
Five of the ten panelists spoke about chondroitin, the main ingredient, and they are split. Two recommend it (one for kidney stone prevention alongside vitamin A, one for recovery and joint comfort), one has taken it religiously since the 1990s and puts it in his own joint formula, one is neutral and ranks it only in the okay tier with the least evidence for skin and joints, and one warns that it and glucosamine are dead supplements for knees that do not fix the problem. No one gave a chondroitin dose or a preferred form beyond the sulfate type mentioned for kidney stones. Glucosamine is a smaller ingredient in this product, and the panel is mixed on it, with several calling the joint evidence weak or small while a few use it for joints or recovery, and one advises avoiding the sulfate form in pregnancy.
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Siim Land · Chondroitin · neutral
- Explains that while there are no human studies on chondroitin for skin anti-aging, cell studies suggest it stimulates procollagen expression and promotes wound healing and skin regeneration.
- States that glucosamine does actually improve joint pain, despite some thinking it's a scam supplement.
- Notes that glucosamine, often considered a gimmick for joint health, may also be beneficial for skin anti-aging due to its sulfur content supporting glutathione production and inhibiting MMPs.
- States that Chondroitin has the least evidence for skin and joint health compared to MSM and glucosamine, placing it in the 'okay' tier.
- Notes that Glucosamine Sulfate is known for joint benefits, has anti-inflammatory effects, and even skin anti-aging effects, possibly through its sulfur content aiding glutathione synthesis, rating it as 'good' but not 'god tier'.
- Would include chondroitin in an 'unlimited' supplement stack, primarily for its potential skin benefits rather than joint health.
- Would include glucosamine in an 'unlimited' supplement stack due to research for joint health and its association with lower heart disease and mortality, though it's not a top priority.
- Places chondroitin sulfate in the 'okay tier', noting it is a sulfur compound mostly for joint health, but has the least evidence among joint supplements and for lifespan, despite some potential skin and joint benefits.
- Discusses Chondroitin as a supplement for joint health, often combined with glucosamine, but notes that its effectiveness for longevity is not well-established.
- Recommends glucosamine, stating it has joint benefits, is associated with reduced mortality and heart disease in humans, increases autophagy, and has shown longevity benefits in animal studies.
- Discusses Glucosamine as a popular supplement for joint health, often used for osteoarthritis, but notes that its role in longevity is not as prominent as other compounds.
- Used to take glucosamine in the past but no longer does, as he has already tested most supplements.
- Notes that Chondroitin has the least evidence for skin and joint health compared to glucosamine and MSM, placing it in the 'okay tier'.
- Discusses chondroitin sulfate as a supplement.
Dave Asprey · Chondroitin · warns
- Implies chondroitin is ineffective for joint health, grouping it with glucosamine as 'age-old supplements for knees' that are 'just dead in 2025' and not fixing the problem.
- Notes that people dealing with osteoarthritis typically take high doses of glucosamine, MSM, and similar supplements, spending about $60-70 a month with virtually no benefit.
- Found that taking glucosamine HCL significantly improved his knee pain when he was younger.
- Recommends glucosamine HCL, not glucosamine sulfate, as an affordable old-school supplement for knee and joint pain, suggesting up to a gram.
Thomas DeLauer · Chondroitin · uses
- Has been taking chondroitin religiously since the 90s after meeting a jacked 63-year-old man who recommended it, leading to the creation of his own 'Joint Warfare' supplement which includes it.
- Notes that glucosamine chondroitin used to be popular for joint pain, but the literature on its efficacy was weak.
- Notes that the literature for glucosamine and glucosamine chondroitin for joint pain was pretty weak in terms of efficacy.
- Has been taking glucosamine religiously since the 90s after meeting a jacked 63-year-old man who recommended it, leading to the creation of his own 'Joint Warfare' supplement which includes it.
- Mentions that people might suggest glucosamine for joint or muscle stiffness, but implies there are other factors at play.
- Advises skipping glucosamine and chondroitin, suggesting to go straight for a quality collagen protein instead.
- Advises skipping glucosamine and chondroitin, suggesting to go straight for a quality collagen protein instead.
Dr. Eric Berg · Chondroitin · recommends
- States that chondroitin sulfate is the most potent inhibitor of kidney stones and can reduce the risk of getting them.
- Recommends glucosamine for osteoarthritis, noting it is a precursor for cartilage, increases lubrication and synovial fluid in joints, and helps prevent the breakdown of cartilage.
- Recommends N-Acetyl Glucosamine (NAG) as a precursor to the GAG structure, which can help improve psoriasis by controlling rapidly dividing cells, stimulating GAG production in the colon and skin, and providing an immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effect.
- Recommends taking chondroitin sulfate in addition to vitamin A to reduce the risk of kidney stones, citing research that demonstrates its effectiveness.
- Dr. Berg lists glucosamine as a remedy for dental pathogens.
- Recommends glucosamine to help build up the joints and provide relief for osteoarthritis.
- Recommends his Joint Pain Relief product, which he created for himself, containing traditional ingredients like glucosamine, natural vitamin C, Tendoguard collagen for tendons and cartilage repair, adrenal extracts for anti-inflammatory support, stinging nettle root, turmeric, and boswellia.
Ben Greenfield · Chondroitin · recommends
- Ben Greenfield recommends chondroitin as a natural compound that supports recovery and joint comfort.
- Does not personally take D-glucosamine but plans to research its dosage and sourcing after seeing data suggesting it mimics calorie restriction and extends lifespan.
- Mentions glucosamine sulfate as an ingredient in the NOVOS supplement, which has decent human research for cellular longevity and staving off DNA damage.
- Ben Greenfield recommends glucosamine as a natural compound that supports recovery and joint comfort.
- He says that his company Kion combines ancestral nutrients with modern molecules like glucosamine chondroitin.
- Uses glucosamine chondroitin as part of his herbal anti-inflammatories for soreness.
- Says he personally designed and formulated Kion Flex, a complete shotgun formula for joints, containing elements like cidel, mirastoliates, turmeric, glucosamine chondroitin, and tart cherry to heal the body.
- Says he personally designed and formulated Kion Flex, a complete shotgun formula for joints, containing elements like cidel, mirastoliates, turmeric, glucosamine chondroitin, and tart cherry to heal the body.
- Consumes glucosamine chondroitin along with other nutrients to control inflammation levels.
- Mentions glucosamine sulfate as a substance injected in Prolotherapy to trigger healing.
- Includes chondroitin as an ingredient for joints.
- Includes glucosamine as an ingredient for joints.
- Recommends glucosamine chondroitin as something that can enhance the effects of Celadrin.
- Recommends chondroitin sulfate as something that can bind lectins and can be found in any store.
Dr. Rhonda Patrick · Glucosamine · neutral
- States they don't use glucosamine chondroitin much and haven't looked into the database in many years, noting mixed evidence and that it wouldn't be their first, second, or third line of defense for consistent injury issues.
- Discusses whether glucosamine chondroitin actually helps joints.
- Considers glucosamine a 'tier two' supplement, noting that while the effect is small, there seems to be some evidence for its efficacy.
- Dr. Rhonda Patrick discusses glucosamine and Alzheimer's.
Dr. Mark Hyman · Glucosamine · uses
- Uses N-acetylglucosamine (NAG), describing it as a safe, non-toxic compound derived from shrimp, to support the gut wall.
- Notes that glucosamine is found only in beef and a lack of it has been associated with harm to the body, including connective tissue dysfunction.
Peter Attia · Glucosamine · uses
- Would make a smoothie with whey protein isolate, glutamine, glucosamine, and flaxseed oil for recovery after his run.
Bryan Johnson · Glucosamine · warns
- Advises avoiding Glucosamine Sulfate during pregnancy.
- Bryan Johnson takes Glucosamine Sulfate KCI daily as part of his Longevity Mix, which supports cartilage, joints, & skin.
RAL Summary
Members OnlyTier 4 for Joints and Mobility
The tier rests on an '80% improved' figure that contradicts the 26 of 51 studies given, and large trials and pooled analyses disagree, so the human evidence is not clear enough for tier 2. So it is graded Tier 4, lower than the rules alone gave.
- Emerging: not enough evidence to rank higher yet.
Where the evidence disagrees: 23 of the 92 human studies found no effect.
More Details
Members OnlyBody systems · Combine with · Possible side effects
Body systems: Musculoskeletal system
Combine with: Glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate are structural cartilage components and are a well-established pairing for joint comfort and mobility, particularly in knee osteoarthritis. To complement them, consider omega-3 fatty acids (EPA/DHA) to help modulate inflammation, and curcumin (with piperine or in a phytosome form) for additional support of joint comfort. Collagen peptides, especially type II collagen (UC-II), may support cartilage matrix integrity. MSM provides sulfur for connective tissue and may ease exercise- or age-related stiffness. Vitamin C is needed for collagen synthesis, while vitamin D3 with K2 and magnesium supports bone health beneath the cartilage. Hyaluronic acid can support synovial fluid lubrication. Note that glucosamine is often derived from shellfish, so those with allergies should check the source. It may also affect blood sugar in sensitive people, and chondroitin may add to the effect of meds like a med, so consult a healthcare provider if on such medications.
Possible side effects: In studies, glucosamine had no more side effects than placebo, and chondroitin was well tolerated. Buyers mention no stomach issues, though some received empty capsules.
Supplement Facts
Glucosamine Sulfate 500 mg · Chondroitin Sulfate 250 mg
| Glucosamine Sulfate | 500 mg | † |
| Chondroitin Sulfate | 250 mg | † |
Other ingredients: Hypromellose, Calcium Laurate.
Directions: Suggested Use: Take 1 capsule three times daily or as recommended by your health-care practitioner.
Barcode (UPC) 693749767022 · Label source: NIH label database · Report a label change
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Graded November 5, 2026 by the Reverse Age Lab evidence engine, from human studies, real reviews and our biohacker panel. How we grade. Is this medical advice? No. Rala organizes the published evidence; go over any change with your doctor, especially if you take meds.
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