Thorne High Potency Vitamin C Review
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Tier 4 · Rank 7
Tier 4 · Emerging. A promising mechanism or animal data, with thin human evidence so far. Rank 7 within Tier 4 for Blood Pressure; 27 of 37 overall. Tiers run from 1, the strongest evidence, to 5. How we grade →
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Study, Trial or Testing Result Summary
Members Only172 human studies · 75 improved
22 of these 172 human studies gave the ingredient by drip or inhaler, not by mouth.
172 human studies75 improved70 no effect367,191 people studied
Magnesium is here at a full dose. Pooled trials of about 365 milligrams a day for around 12 weeks found modest drops of about 2 to 3 points in the top blood pressure number, mostly in people on meds or low in magnesium, with no clear change in people with normal pressure [1][2][3]. A 24 week trial in overweight adults found no change [4]. Calcium is a full dose only at three servings a day. In people with normal blood pressure it lowered the numbers by about 1.5 points [5]. It cut the risk of high blood pressure in pregnancy in large reviews [6][7], though one large trial found no benefit [8]. Evidence in adults with high blood pressure is weak [9]. Vitamin C is at a full dose, above the daily recommended limit, so members can take less. The newest and largest reviews found it does not meaningfully lower blood pressure [10][11], although older reviews were more positive [12]. Potassium is far below the amounts studied, so its blood pressure benefits [13] are unlikely to apply here. Animal and cell studies are never counted.
See all 172 studies →Hide the studies
- Across 130 trials with about 112,900 pregnant women, calcium supplements lowered the risk of preeclampsia or pregnancy-related high blood pressure (odds ratio 0.71) compared with controls.Comparative effectiveness of prophylactic strategies for preeclampsia: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled …
- In 50 trials with about 57,800 pregnant women, calcium cut the risk of gestational high blood pressure versus placebo (odds ratio 0.55), and calcium plus a med cut it further (odds ratio 0.12).The preventive effects of different interventions on gestational hypertension: incidence and network meta-analysis.
- In a pooled analysis of 22 trials of about 36,000 pregnant women, vitamin C alone or with vitamin E did not prevent high blood pressure in pregnancy, though a mix of L-arginine and vitamins B, C and E lowered preeclampsia.Nutritional supplements for preventing preeclampsia: A network meta-analysis.
- In 26 trials with about 35,000 adults, replacing regular salt with low-sodium, potassium-enriched salt lowered systolic blood pressure by about 4.8 mmHg and diastolic by about 2.4 mmHg, with little change in high blood potassium.Replacing salt with low-sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women.
- In a pooled analysis of 120 trials with about 14,900 adults with raised blood pressure, low-sodium high-potassium salt lowered blood pressure compared with usual care, though the DASH diet worked best.Nonpharmacologic Interventions for Reducing Blood Pressure in Adults With Prehypertension to Established Hypertension.
- In ten trials of 6533 pregnant women, mostly vitamin C plus E, antioxidants did not significantly reduce preeclampsia and more women needed meds.Antioxidants for preventing pre-eclampsia.
- In 18 trials with 3,140 people with normal blood pressure, calcium supplements lowered systolic blood pressure by about 1.4 mmHg and diastolic by about 1.5 mmHg versus placebo or control, with larger effects in people under 35.Calcium supplementation for prevention of primary hypertension.
- In 18 trials with 3,140 people with normal blood pressure, calcium supplements lowered systolic blood pressure by about 1.4 mmHg and diastolic by about 1.5 mmHg versus placebo or control, with larger effects in people under 35.Calcium supplementation for prevention of primary hypertension.
- In 16 trials with 3,048 people with normal blood pressure, calcium supplements lowered systolic blood pressure by about 1.4 mmHg and diastolic by about 1 mmHg, with the largest effect at more than 1,500 mg a day.Calcium supplementation for prevention of primary hypertension.
- In 38 randomized trials of 2709 people taking a median 365 mg of elemental magnesium daily for a median 12 weeks, systolic blood pressure fell 2.81 mm Hg and diastolic 2.05 mm Hg versus placebo, with larger drops in people on meds or with low magnesium and no significant change in people with normal blood pressure.Magnesium Supplementation and Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
- In 23 placebo-controlled trials of 2218 adults with high blood pressure, vitamin C did not significantly change blood pressure; only vitamin E lowered systolic pressure.Effect of vitamin B2, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E and folic acid in adults with essential hypertension: a systematic…
- In 34 placebo-controlled trials of 2028 adults taking a median 368 mg of magnesium daily for about 3 months, systolic blood pressure fell 2.00 mm Hg and diastolic 1.78 mm Hg versus placebo.Effects of Magnesium Supplementation on Blood Pressure: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Tr…
- In 22 trials with 1,606 adults, higher potassium intake lowered systolic blood pressure by about 3.5 mmHg and diastolic by about 2 mmHg, an effect seen in people with hypertension but not those without.Effect of increased potassium intake on cardiovascular risk factors and disease: systematic review and meta-analyses.
- In 23 randomized trials of 1345 people with type 2 diabetes, magnesium supplements were linked to lower diastolic blood pressure, but the abstract gives no figures for blood pressure, dose or duration.Effect of Magnesium Supplements on Improving Glucose Control, Blood Pressure and Lipid Profile in Patients With Type 2 D…
- In four studies of 1334 children with infantile epileptic spasms, adding magnesium sulfate to hormone therapy (ACTH) cut the rate of high blood pressure as a side effect compared with the hormone alone, though the studies were not about blood pressure in healthy people or treating it.Efficacy and tolerability of magnesium sulfate in children with infantile epileptic spasms syndrome: A systematic review…
- In eight trials of 614 people with high blood pressure, vitamin C lowered systolic pressure by about 4 mm Hg and diastolic by about 2 mm Hg versus controls.Effects of vitamin C supplementation on essential hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
- In 13 trials with 485 adults with high blood pressure followed 8 to 15 weeks, calcium lowered systolic pressure by 2.5 mmHg but not diastolic pressure, and the authors judged the evidence weak because of poor trial quality.Calcium supplementation for the management of primary hypertension in adults.
- In 32 trials lasting at least 4 weeks, potassium lowered blood pressure most in people with hypertension and high salt intake, but the benefit weakened at higher doses and blood pressure rose at very high intakes.Potassium Intake and Blood Pressure: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
- In 29 trials with a typical dose of 500 mg daily for 8 weeks, vitamin C lowered systolic blood pressure by about 3.8 mm Hg and diastolic by about 1.5 mm Hg.Effects of vitamin C supplementation on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
- A review of calcium-rich mineral water noted that some studies showed lower blood pressure, but gave no numbers and said more research is needed.Exploring the Potential Benefits of Natural Calcium-Rich Mineral Waters for Health and Wellness: A Systematic Review.
- A review of 34 studies in pregnant women found calcium supplements were linked to less and milder gestational high blood pressure and preeclampsia, with the strongest benefit at 1.5 to 2 grams a day.Calcium Supplementation in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies.
- This broad review of pre-eclampsia and high blood pressure in pregnancy lists magnesium supplementation among many treatments, but the abstract gives no results for magnesium.Pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, and hypertension.
- A review of double-blind trials lasting at least four weeks found magnesium supplements can help treat metabolic syndrome in people with low magnesium, with no specific blood pressure numbers given.Magnesium in metabolic syndrome: a review based on randomized, double-blind clinical trials.
- Across 49 trials, oral magnesium of at least 240 mg daily lowered blood pressure in people with uncontrolled hypertension on medication and over 600 mg daily was needed in untreated hypertension, while people with controlled blood pressure or normal blood pressure saw no change.Effectively Prescribing Oral Magnesium Therapy for Hypertension: A Categorized Systematic Review of 49 Clinical Trials.
- A review of mostly observational studies found higher vitamin C levels linked to lower blood pressure, but the few small trials gave unclear results.Vitamin C and blood pressure--an overview.
- In 10,154 low-risk first-time pregnant women, daily 1000 mg vitamin C plus vitamin E from weeks 9 to 16 did not reduce pregnancy-related high blood pressure complications versus placebo.Vitamins C and E to prevent complications of pregnancy-associated hypertension.
- In 10141 women with pre-eclampsia, magnesium sulphate cut the risk of eclampsia seizures by 58% versus placebo (0.8% vs 1.9%), though 24% reported side effects versus 5% on placebo; blood pressure itself was not reported as an outcome.Do women with pre-eclampsia, and their babies, benefit from magnesium sulphate? The Magpie Trial: a randomised placebo-c…
- In 4,814 pregnant women, antioxidants including vitamin C did not significantly lower high blood pressure disorders overall (3.55% vs 4.18%), but risk was lower in women with high-risk factors (3.81% vs 7.14%).Effect of antioxidants on amelioration of high-risk factors inducing hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.
- In 4589 healthy first-time pregnant women, 2 g of calcium daily from mid-pregnancy to delivery did not reduce preeclampsia (6.9% vs 7.3% with placebo) or change average blood pressure.Trial of calcium to prevent preeclampsia.
- In 2647 pregnant women, daily 1 g vitamin C plus vitamin E did not reduce gestational high blood pressure and increased fetal loss or newborn death and early membrane rupture.An international trial of antioxidants in the prevention of preeclampsia (INTAPP).
- In 2,376 villagers in Peru, a salt substitute with 25% potassium chloride lowered systolic blood pressure by 1.3 mmHg and cut the risk of new hypertension by 51% in those without it.Effect of salt substitution on community-wide blood pressure and hypertension incidence.
- In 1194 first-time pregnant women, 2 g of calcium daily from week 20 of pregnancy lowered high blood pressure disorders of pregnancy (9.8% vs 14.8% with placebo).Calcium supplementation to prevent hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
- In 816 children with severe asthma in the emergency department, nebulized magnesium sulfate added to albuterol did not change systolic blood pressure or reduce hospitalization compared with placebo.Effect of Nebulized Magnesium vs Placebo Added to Albuterol on Hospitalization Among Children With Refractory Acute Asth…
- In 707 pregnant women with chronic high blood pressure or prior preeclampsia, daily vitamin C 1,000 mg plus vitamin E did not reduce preeclampsia (13.8% vs 15.6% with placebo).Antioxidant therapy to prevent preeclampsia: a randomized controlled trial.
- In 698 healthy adults with high-normal blood pressure, 1 g of calcium daily for 6 months did not significantly change blood pressure compared with placebo, though white women might have benefited.Lack of blood pressure effect with calcium and magnesium supplementation in adults with high-normal blood pressure. Resu…
- In 608 people, potassium-enriched salt lowered systolic blood pressure by 2.2 to 7.2 mmHg over 12 months versus regular salt, and those who responded early did not differ from others in later response.Consistency of Blood Pressure Response to Potassium-Enriched Salt in the China Salt Substitute Study.
- In 524 healthy first-time pregnant women, 2 g of calcium daily lowered preeclampsia (4.0% vs 12.0% with placebo) and blood pressure at the end of the study, though this paper was later retracted.Calcium supplementation for the prevention of pre-eclampsia.
- In a single-blinded controlled study of 430 adults, a magnesium-rich diet averaging about 1,142 mg a day for 12 weeks lowered total cholesterol, bad cholesterol and triglycerides by about 10% each, compared with a usual diet; blood pressure was not reported.Can dietary magnesium modulate lipoprotein metabolism?
- Over 10 years, 400 high-risk adults assigned to a magnesium-rich diet (about 1142 mg daily) had fewer heart complications and lower total and sudden death rates than those on their usual diet (about 418 mg daily).Effect of dietary magnesium supplementation in the prevention of coronary heart disease and sudden cardiac death.
- In 297 retired teachers, 2 to 4 months of daily vitamin C 500 mg with vitamin E and beta-carotene did not change blood pressure, cholesterol or blood sugar compared with placebo.The effect of antioxidant vitamin supplementation on traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
- In 260 pregnant teenagers with low calcium intake, 2000 mg of calcium daily from 20 weeks of pregnancy until delivery cut preeclampsia to 3.2% versus 15.5% on placebo and lowered systolic blood pressure by 9.1 and diastolic by 6.0 mmHg.Calcium supplementation and the risk of preeclampsia in Ecuadorian pregnant teenagers.
- In 252 hypertensive patients with low potassium from a water pill, adding potassium (20 or 40 mmol a day) restored potassium levels and blood pressure stayed controlled, but there was no placebo group to show a blood pressure benefit.Potassium restoration in hypertensive patients made hypokalemic by hydrochlorothiazide.
- In Japanese adults with atrophic gastritis, 5 years of vitamin C at 50 mg or 500 mg daily did not lower blood pressure; systolic pressure rose about 6 mm Hg in both groups.Lack of long-term effect of vitamin C supplementation on blood pressure.
- In 231 people with raised blood pressure, 5 weeks of 300 mg daily potassium nitrate raised blood nitrate but left blood pressure unchanged.Renal handling of nitrate in women and men with elevated blood pressure.
- In 201 first-time pregnant women, 2 g of calcium daily from 20 weeks until delivery lowered pregnancy-induced high blood pressure to 8.24% versus 29.03% on placebo.Calcium supplementation and prevention of pregnancy induced hypertension.
- In 200 healthy first-time pregnant women, daily magnesium did not change the rise in blood pressure compared with placebo.Magnesium Supplementation and Blood Pressure in Pregnancy: A Double-Blind Randomized Multicenter Study.
- In 194 pregnant women with preeclampsia treated for two weeks, adding a multivitamin to magnesium sulfate lowered blood pressure no more than magnesium sulfate alone.Effects of multivitamin combined with magnesium sulfate versus magnesium sulfate alone on hemodynamics, coagulation, and…
- In 182 women with severe preeclampsia, giving magnesium sulfate for 12 hours after delivery was as effective as 24 hours, with blood pressure similar in both groups.A comparison between the two methods of magnesium sulfate administration for duration of 12 versus 24 h after delivery i…
- In 164 overweight or slightly obese adults, 450 mg of magnesium daily as citrate, oxide or sulfate for 24 weeks did not change blood pressure or artery stiffness compared with placebo.Effects of Magnesium Citrate, Magnesium Oxide, and Magnesium Sulfate Supplementation on Arterial Stiffness: A Randomized…
- In a 2018 trial of 160 first-pregnancy women, taking 1000 mg a day of vitamin C with vitamin E from 20 to 24 weeks of pregnancy was linked to fewer cases of preeclampsia (high blood pressure in pregnancy) than iron alone, 5% versus 17.5%. The abstract's blood pressure figures are internally inconsistent, so the blood pressure effect is unclear.Investigating the preventive effect of vitamins C and E on preeclampsia in nulliparous pregnant women.
- In 150 pregnant women with chronic hypertension, a treatment plan that included magnesium orotate, along with other measures, reduced hypertension symptoms and supported a favorable pregnancy course.[Magnesium orotate in treatment of chronic hypertension in pregnant women].
- In 125 adults with mild untreated high blood pressure, 6 months of calcium (1000 mg daily), alone or combined with potassium or magnesium, did not lower blood pressure more than placebo.Combinations of potassium, calcium, and magnesium supplements in hypertension.
- In 110 overweight pregnant women, a resveratrol and magnesium hydroxide complex with inositols for up to 60 days did not change systolic or diastolic blood pressure across groups, though lipid and glucose levels improved.Can trans resveratrol plus d-chiro-inositol and myo-inositol improve maternal metabolic profile in overweight pregnant p…
- In 101 fifth-grade children, 600 mg of calcium daily for 12 weeks lowered systolic blood pressure by 1.8 mm Hg versus placebo, though this was not statistically significant overall; the effect was larger in children with low calcium intake and diastolic pressure barely changed.Effect of calcium supplementation on blood pressure in children.
- In 97 patients having bypass surgery, adding magnesium sulfate to heart-protecting cardioplegia fluid every 25 minutes protected the heart about as well as the standard every-15-minute method, with no difference in heart damage markers.The efficacy and safety of extending the ischemic time with a modified cardioplegic technique for coronary artery surger…
- In 95 overweight adults, 360 mg of magnesium glycinate three times daily with vitamin D for 12 weeks raised vitamin D levels more than vitamin D alone, and lowered systolic blood pressure only in those whose baseline systolic pressure was above 132 mmHg.The effect of combined magnesium and vitamin D supplementation on vitamin D status, systemic inflammation, and blood pre…
- In 88 patients having adrenal tumor surgery, magnesium sulfate infusion given before surgery cut the time blood pressure and heart rate stayed outside target ranges from 8.3% to 4.3% compared with placebo, with a lower peak systolic pressure.Efficacy and Safety of Preemptive Magnesium Sulfate Infusion during Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma Resection: A Rand…
- In 85 mostly young healthy adults with normal blood pressure, 6 weeks of 30 mmol a day of potassium citrate or potassium chloride lowered average blood pressure by about 5 mmHg compared with placebo.The effect of a dietary supplement of potassium chloride or potassium citrate on blood pressure in predominantly normote…
- In 84 Kenyan adults with mild to moderate high blood pressure, 64 mmol a day of potassium for 28 weeks lowered diastolic pressure from 108 to 88 mmHg, similar to the water pill bendrofluazide, with no placebo group.Potassium supplementation versus bendrofluazide in mildly to moderately hypertensive Kenyans.
- In 80 patients with organophosphorus poisoning, adding intravenous magnesium sulfate lowered diastolic blood pressure at 0 and 2 hours and lowered heart rate for up to 24 hours compared with saline, but systolic blood pressure did not differ.Therapeutic Effect of Adding Magnesium Sulfate in Treatment of Organophosphorus Poisoning.
- In 79 adults with coronary artery disease, a 12-month DASH diet lowered a blood marker of inflammation (MCP-1) compared with no diet change, and people who ate more vitamin C had lower MCP-1 levels, but vitamin C was not given as a separate supplement.Usefulness of MCP-1 Chemokine in the Monitoring of Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Subjected to Intensive Dietary …
- In 75 pregnant women with pregnancy-related hypertension, magnesium sulfate (20-25 g daily) served as the comparison group, and ligustrazine lowered mean arterial pressure more than magnesium sulfate did.[Treatment of hypertension syndrome of pregnancy with ligustrazine].
- In a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial of 70 adults (43 with hypertension, 27 without), 1000 mg of elemental calcium daily for 8 weeks did not significantly change blood lipids in the hypertensive group, and the abstract reports no blood pressure result; normotensive adults with mildly high cholesterol had a small drop in total cholesterol.Plasma lipids and hypertension: response to calcium supplementation.
- In 68 patients preparing for colonoscopy, a magnesium citrate drink taken before a lavage solution did not produce significant changes in heart rate or blood pressure compared with lavage alone or with bisacodyl.The effect of stimulant laxatives and polyethylene glycol-electrolyte lavage solution for colonoscopy preparation on ser…
- In 61 adults with type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure, a low-sodium diet based on the DASH diet lowered blood pressure about as much as a regular-salt diet over 8 weeks, with no significant difference between the groups; potassium intake rose in the low-sodium group.Effect of sodium reduction based on the DASH diet on blood pressure in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes.
- In 59 women treated for premature labor, bolus fenoterol caused fewer side effects, including blood pressure and heart rate effects, than continuous fenoterol, while the magnesium sulfate given in each arm was not the variable being tested.[Comparative study of maternal side effects of various forms of intravenous therapy with fenoterol in premature labor].
- In 58 black teenagers with normal blood pressure, 3 weeks of a high potassium diet (80 mmol a day) left daytime blood pressure unchanged but lowered nighttime diastolic pressure in the salt-sensitive teens, so all of them regained the normal nighttime dip.Effects of potassium on blood pressure in salt-sensitive and salt-resistant black adolescents.
- In a double-blind crossover trial of 58 healthy young adults in a polluted city in China, one week of 2000 mg a day of vitamin C was linked to a 3.4% lower systolic blood pressure compared with placebo. Inflammation markers (IL-6, TNF-alpha, CRP) also fell.Vascular benefits of vitamin C supplementation against fine particulate air pollution in healthy adults: A double-blind …
- In 57 young adults, 1 g of calcium daily for 22 weeks lowered diastolic blood pressure by 5.6% in women and 9% in men compared with placebo.Reduction of blood pressure with calcium supplementation in young adults.
- In 56 outpatients with diabetes, 2 g per day of ascorbic acid taken for 90 days did not show a reported blood pressure benefit, although it improved blood sugar control in people with non-insulin-dependent diabetes.Magnesium and ascorbic acid supplementation in diabetes mellitus.
- In 54 people with irregular heartbeats, a micronutrient combination for 6 weeks lowered fasting insulin and reduced heart muscle mass, with some signs of better heart filling, compared with placebo; blood pressure was not reported.Dietary intervention with a specific micronutrient combination for the treatment of patients with cardiac arrhythmias: t…
- In 27 adults with metabolic syndrome, 400 mg of oral magnesium daily for 12 weeks significantly lowered systolic blood pressure from about 135 to 126 mmHg and diastolic from about 84 to 79 mmHg, and also lowered interleukin-6, compared with a control group that took no magnesium.Positive effects of magnesium supplementation in metabolic syndrome.
- In 51 adults with mild essential hypertension, 1 gram of daily oral calcium for 8 weeks lowered systolic blood pressure by up to 6 mm Hg and diastolic by up to 3 mm Hg compared with placebo.[Effect of an oral calcium supplement in the treatment of slight-to- moderate essential arterial hypertension].
- In 50 newborns with birth asphyxia, magnesium sulfate infusion did not change blood pressure compared with saline placebo over the first 48 hours, although neurological outcomes at discharge were better.Short-term outcome of magnesium sulfate infusion in perinatal asphyxia.
- In a randomized, double-blind trial of 50 heart bypass patients, magnesium sulfate given for 5 days after surgery reduced atrial fibrillation (irregular heartbeat) to 4% of patients compared with 20% on placebo.Atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery: predictors and the role of MgSO4 replacement.
- In 50 pregnant women with high blood pressure, 1000 mg vitamin C plus vitamin E from the second trimester did not prevent preeclampsia or worsening of hypertension compared with no supplement.Vitamin C and E supplementation does not reduce the risk of superimposed PE in pregnancy.
- In 50 adults with high blood pressure, a single intravenous dose of vitamin C was used only as a test of blood vessel response, and after 12 weeks of aliskiren or ramipril the vitamin C no longer improved blood vessel relaxation in the aliskiren group and did not change it in the ramipril group.Effect of aliskiren treatment on endothelium-dependent vasodilation and aortic stiffness in essential hypertensive patie…
- In 49 women with chronic high blood pressure, taking 2 g of calcium plus low-dose a med from mid-pregnancy until delivery did not significantly reduce preeclampsia compared with placebo.Read the study on PubMed (24728212) →
- In a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of 48 women with mild preeclampsia after 34 weeks, magnesium sulfate lowered blood flow resistance in the baby's umbilical artery but did not change it in the baby's middle cerebral artery.Randomized controlled study comparing effect of magnesium sulfate with placebo on fetal umbilical artery and middle cere…
- In 48 adults with resistant high blood pressure and high cholesterol, 500 mg of vitamin C daily for eight weeks did not lower blood pressure compared with placebo, while a med did.Read the study on PubMed (15609886) →
- In 45 patients with brain bleeding from a ruptured aneurysm, two weeks of intravenous magnesium sulfate shortened vasospasm but did not significantly improve outcomes or reduce cardiac and lung complications compared with saline.Intravenous magnesium sulfate to improve outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: interim report from a pilot s…
- Eating two kiwifruit daily at breakfast for 7 weeks lowered systolic blood pressure by 2.7 mmHg compared with the control group, but this difference was not statistically significant.Metabolic and Blood Pressure Effects of Consuming Two Kiwifruit Daily for 7 Weeks: A Randomised Controlled Trial.
- In 41 healthy young adults, an antioxidant cocktail with vitamin C taken before a high-sodium meal did not change blood pressure or blood vessel function compared with placebo.Antioxidant cocktail following a high-sodium meal does not affect vascular function in young, healthy adult humans: a ra…
- In 40 postmenopausal women, a single 1 g calcium citrate dose made the systolic blood pressure drop after breakfast smaller than placebo, by 6 to 9 points over 4 to 6 hours.Acute effects of calcium supplements on blood pressure: randomised, crossover trial in postmenopausal women.
- In 40 women with polycystic ovary syndrome, 250 mg of magnesium oxide daily for 2 months did not change blood pressure compared with placebo, although insulin resistance and some cholesterol measures improved.The Effect of Magnesium Supplementation on Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Profiles in Women with Polycystic Ovary Synd…
- In 40 adults with acute asthma, inhaled magnesium sulfate was compared with inhaled salbutamol; blood pressure was recorded, but the abstract reports no blood pressure result, and salbutamol worked better for asthma.Inhalation therapy with magnesium sulfate and salbutamol sulfate in bronchial asthma.
- In a randomized double-blind trial of 40 surgical patients, a 3 g intravenous dose of vitamin C given during surgery did not change blood pressure or heart rate compared with saline. It did reduce postoperative pain, but that was not the goal of this review.Effect of intravenous vitamin C on postoperative pain in uvulopalatopharyngoplasty with tonsillectomy.
- In 39 children aged 7 to 15, one week of potassium citrate supplementation did not reduce blood pressure reactivity to stress compared with placebo.Potassium intake and cardiovascular reactivity in children with risk factors for essential hypertension.
- In 39 adults with hypertension, 500 mg of vitamin C daily for one month reduced systolic and mean blood pressure compared with placebo, although it did not improve blood vessel flexibility.Effect of ascorbic acid treatment on conduit vessel endothelial dysfunction in patients with hypertension.
- In 38 healthy adults over 40, drinking potassium-enriched high-calcium skim milk twice daily for 4 weeks lowered systolic blood pressure more than plain skim milk, with a small effect on daytime blood pressure.Blood pressure responses to high-calcium skim milk and potassium-enriched high-calcium skim milk.
- In a randomized, double-blind crossover trial of 38 adults, 8 weeks of a daily combined antioxidant pill containing 500 mg vitamin C lowered systolic blood pressure compared with placebo, with a significant drop in people on meds and a non-significant drop in people with normal blood pressure.Combination oral antioxidant supplementation reduces blood pressure.
- In 37 dialysis patients, a combination including 250 mg of vitamin C daily for eight weeks did not change blood pressure compared with placebo.Antioxidant therapy does not ameliorate oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with end-stage renal disease.
- In 36 healthy men taking nitroglycerin for 7 days, an intravenous dose of vitamin C fully restored blood vessel relaxation in those on nitroglycerin plus placebo but caused no change in those also taking a med, and blood pressure response was not studied for vitamin C.Read the study on PubMed (21185507) →
- In 31 mildly hypertensive adults, vitamin C at 500, 1000 or 2000 mg daily lowered systolic blood pressure by about 4.5 mm Hg and diastolic by about 2.8 mm Hg after one month, with no added benefit from the higher doses.A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of vitamin C in the management of hypertension and lipids.
- In 30 high-risk pregnant women, 2 grams of daily calcium from 28 to 32 weeks of pregnancy reduced pre-eclampsia cases from 7 to 1 compared with placebo, but did not meaningfully change pregnancy-related high blood pressure, which was only delayed by about 3 weeks.Supplementary calcium in prevention of pre-eclampsia.
- In 30 adults aged 45 to 70 with type 2 diabetes, 500 mg of vitamin C daily for four weeks lowered systolic blood pressure by about 10 mm Hg and diastolic by about 4 mm Hg more than placebo.Ascorbic acid reduces blood pressure and arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes.
- In a randomized crossover study of 15 adults with high blood pressure and 15 with normal blood pressure, a single intra-arterial vitamin C infusion improved blood vessel dilation in response to acetylcholine and nitroprusside, while N-acetylcysteine did not.Superoxide scavenging effects of N-acetylcysteine and vitamin C in subjects with essential hypertension.
- In a small trial of 23 people with early rheumatoid arthritis who finished a six-month diet and exercise coaching program, blood pressure and other heart measures did not show a meaningful change compared with usual care.Personalized diet and exercise recommendations in early rheumatoid arthritis: A feasibility trial.
- In a pilot trial of 28 newborns with severe lung blood vessel constriction, nebulized magnesium sulfate over 24 hours gave a larger fall in the oxygenation index and a slightly higher average blood pressure than intravenous magnesium.Nebulized Magnesium Sulfate for Treatment of Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of Newborn: A Pilot Randomized Controlled…
- In 25 newborns with persistent pulmonary hypertension, intravenous magnesium sulfate did not produce a different response rate than inhaled nitric oxide, though infants who switched to nitric oxide after magnesium failed did better.Inhaled nitric oxide and intravenous magnesium sulphate for the treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the ne…
- In 24 adults with metabolic syndrome and normal magnesium levels, 400 mg of magnesium citrate daily for 12 weeks lowered systolic and diastolic blood pressure and HbA1c compared with placebo.Magnesium citrate supplementation decreased blood pressure and HbA1c in normomagnesemic subjects with metabolic syndrome…
- In 24 normotensive men given 75 mmol per day of potassium chloride (about 2933 mg) or potassium citrate, neither salt changed blood pressure compared with placebo, even though urine tests confirmed the potassium was taken.Potassium effects on blood pressure: is the conjugate anion important?
- In 24 hypertensive adults with low blood potassium from a water pill, amiloride with hydrochlorothiazide and hydrochlorothiazide alone controlled blood pressure about equally over 14 weeks, while potassium chloride was given first to restore potassium levels.Potassium conservation with amiloride/hydrochlorothiazide ("Moduret') in thiazide-induced hypokalaemia in hypertension.
- In 23 adults with mild to moderate high blood pressure, 4 weeks of slow release potassium tablets (about 2502 mg per day) lowered supine blood pressure by about 4% compared with placebo, without changing diet.Does increasing potassium intake lower blood pressure in essential hypertension?
- In 22 hemodialysis patients, using a low-magnesium dialysis bath did not significantly change QT dispersion, a measure of heart rhythm risk, compared with a normal-magnesium bath.The effect of different dialysate magnesium concentrations on QTc dispersion in hemodialysis patients.
- In 21 obese children aged 8 to 12, 500 mg of vitamin C taken for 45 days lowered mean blood pressure compared with placebo, and improved blood vessel widening during mental stress.Vitamin C restores blood pressure and vasodilator response during mental stress in obese children.
- In 20 adults with untreated mild to moderate high blood pressure, 2 grams of daily calcium for 12 weeks did not lower blood pressure compared with placebo.Effect of oral calcium supplementation on blood pressure in patients with previously untreated hypertension: a randomise…
- In 20 dialysis patients, a higher magnesium dialysate concentration did not change intradialytic blood pressure or heart stunning compared with a lower concentration over 2-week periods.High magnesium dialysate does not improve intradialytic hemodynamics or abrogate myocardial stunning.
- In an 18-person double-blind crossover trial, 1600 mg of elemental calcium daily for one month did not lower blood pressure in adults with mild to moderate untreated hypertension compared with placebo.Does oral calcium supplementation lower high blood pressure? A double blind study.
- In 16 hypertensive patients with low potassium from meds, taking 60 mmol of potassium chloride daily for six weeks lowered mean blood pressure by about 5.5 mm Hg compared with placebo.Read the study on PubMed (3883170) →
- In 8 people with high blood pressure and 8 healthy volunteers, a single intra-arterial infusion of vitamin C improved blood vessel response in the arm, but the abstract does not report any change in blood pressure, and vitamin C did not add to the vessel benefit from two months of a med.Read the study on PubMed (12164090) →
- In 16 healthy women taking a lutein complex containing 500 mg of vitamin C daily for three weeks, systolic and diastolic blood pressure fell from baseline, and diastolic pressure dropped more than with placebo; the complex also contained other ingredients, so the vitamin C effect cannot be separated out.Lutein Complex Supplementation Increases Ocular Blood Flow Biomarkers in Healthy Subjects.
- In 14 people after a brain bleed, a 5 gram intravenous magnesium bolus slightly lowered average blood pressure compared with saline but did not change blood flow speed in the brain.Cerebral blood flow velocity response to magnesium sulfate in patients after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
- In 12 adults with high blood pressure, 120 mmol of potassium citrate and bicarbonate daily for 8 weeks did not lower blood pressure compared with placebo.The influence of oral potassium citrate/bicarbonate on blood pressure in essential hypertension during unrestricted salt…
- In 10 healthy normotensive men, a nine-day low-potassium diet raised mean arterial blood pressure from 90.9 to 95.0 mm Hg, while a normal-potassium diet did not change it significantly.Increased blood pressure during potassium depletion in normotensive men.
- In children with critical hand, foot and mouth disease, magnesium sulfate added to routine treatment lowered systolic blood pressure and heart rate more than routine treatment alone.The clinical value of aquaporin-4 in children with hand, foot, and mouth disease and the effect of magnesium sulfate on …
- In a placebo-controlled crossover study of prehypertensive and hypertensive adults, 4 weeks of potassium chloride lowered night-time systolic blood pressure, while potassium magnesium citrate lowered a urine marker of oxidative stress but did not lower blood pressure.Effects of Potassium Magnesium Citrate Supplementation on 24-Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure and Oxidative Stress Marker …
- In hypertensive African patients already taking furosemide, potassium chloride tablets (600 mg three times daily) raised plasma potassium slightly but did not lower blood pressure more than a med alone.Plasma potassium in hypertensive Africans on frusemide.
- In people with mild hypertension, bendrofluazide with potassium chloride lowered blood pressure over eight weeks, but the study did not isolate the effect of potassium chloride alone.Mild hypertension: a clinical trial conducted in hospital general practice.
- In a double-blind crossover study of healthy men, a single 2 gram intravenous dose of vitamin C given before a high-blood-sugar challenge prevented the rise in artery stiffness and central aortic blood pressure that the high sugar otherwise caused.Protective effects of ascorbic acid on arterial hemodynamics during acute hyperglycemia.
- In a single-dose study, vitamin C lowered blood pressure in people with high blood pressure and in some people with diabetes, but had no effect in healthy people at the 6 mmol dose given.Anti-oxidants show an anti-hypertensive effect in diabetic and hypertensive subjects.
- In healthy adults taking 1 g of ascorbic acid twice daily for 10 days, blood pressure and heart rate did not change compared with placebo, although vitamin C did protect blood vessel response after a sugar load.Ascorbic acid prevents vascular dysfunction induced by oral glucose load in healthy subjects.
- In heat-exposed workers, a daily 130 mg vitamin C tablet plus a hawthorn drink for 40 days lowered systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared with a control group and reduced a marker of oxidative stress.Effect of vitamin C and hawthorn beverage formula on blood pressure and oxidative stress in heat-exposed workers: a clus…
- In healthy adults given an intravenous fat infusion, co-infused ascorbic acid lowered a blood oxidative stress marker but did not reduce the increase in beat-to-beat blood pressure variability caused by the fat infusion.Lipid Infusion Enhances Sympathetic Transduction via Redox-Sensitive Pathways.
- In 400 pregnant women, 375 mg of calcium plus 1,200 IU of vitamin D daily from 20-24 weeks lowered blood pressure in women without toxaemia, but toxaemia rates (6% versus 9%) did not differ significantly.Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on toxaemia of pregnancy.
- In 108 people taking 3000 mg of ascorbic acid daily for 14 days, the vitamin reduced systolic blood pressure reactivity to a public speaking and arithmetic stressor in some groups, but the protective effect depended on cannabis, tobacco and caffeine use.Cannabis, tobacco, and caffeine use modify the blood pressure reactivity protection of ascorbic acid.
- In 69 pregnant women with high blood pressure, pretreatment with magnesium sulphate before tracheal intubation prevented the rise in blood pressure seen with lignocaine, and only 1 of 24 magnesium-treated women had a systolic pressure above 180 mm Hg afterward, compared with 6 of 24 given alfentanil and 6 of 21 given lignocaine.Attenuation of the pressor response to tracheal intubation in hypertensive proteinuric pregnant patients by lignocaine, …
- In 68 men on a controlled diet, those with higher blood vitamin C levels had lower diastolic blood pressure one month later, with the lowest-vitamin-C quarter averaging about 7 mm Hg higher than the highest quarter.Ascorbic acid status and subsequent diastolic and systolic blood pressure.
- In an open, non-randomized study of 62 pregnant women with high blood pressure, a combined regimen that included magnesium orotate along with meds delayed pregnancy complications compared with a control group, but the magnesium effect cannot be separated from the other treatments and blood pressure itself was not reported as a separate result.[Basic and metabolic therapy of hypertensive disease in pregnant women].
- In 50 free-living volunteers, 1,150 mg of daily dietary calcium from dairy for 6 months lowered systolic blood pressure compared with an orange juice control, though the result was not strongly significant and diastolic blood pressure did not change.Dietary calcium. A method of lowering blood pressure.
- In 32 Black women with mild to moderate high blood pressure, 65 mmol of potassium chloride daily for 6 weeks lowered blood pressure more than placebo, from 153/104 to 146/101 mmHg.Potassium supplementation in blacks with mild to moderate essential hypertension.
- In 23 young adults, ascorbic acid delivered through the skin increased blood flow in the skin, suggesting oxidative stress limits vessel dilation in Black participants.Mechanisms of Elevated Cutaneous Vascular Tone in College-Aged Black Individuals.
- In 22 healthy adult men, 300 mg of vitamin C daily for three weeks did not change resting or after-exercise blood pressure compared with placebo.Lung function and treadmill performance of smoking and nonsmoking males receiving ascorbic acid supplements.
- In 19 hypertensive postmenopausal women, a single 35 mmol potassium chloride dose increased sodium loss only when salt intake was high, and blood pressure effects were not reported.Characterization of Potassium-Induced Natriuresis in Hypertensive Postmenopausal Women During Both Low and High Sodium I…
- A single intravenous vitamin C infusion did not change baseline blood pressure in healthy young and older men, though it improved baroreflex sensitivity (a heart-rate reflex to blood pressure changes) in older men.Ascorbic acid increases cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity in healthy older men.
- In 14 adults with high blood pressure, a vitamin C infusion into the arm improved blood vessel widening, which was impaired at baseline, but had no effect in healthy controls. This was a short infusion study, not an oral supplement trial, and it measured vessel function rather than blood pressure.Vitamin C improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation by restoring nitric oxide activity in essential hypertension.
- In 11 hypertensive patients, 10 days on a low-potassium diet raised systolic blood pressure by about 5 mm Hg and lowered serum potassium, compared with a higher-potassium diet.Potassium depletion and salt sensitivity in essential hypertension.
- In nine young healthy people, magnesium infused into the arm improved blood vessel widening in response to methacholine, but overall blood pressure was not significantly changed.Magnesium infusion improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the human forearm.
- In a diet study, people whose blood vitamin C dropped the most during a low-vitamin-C month had the highest blood pressure one month later, with the lowest-vitamin-C quarter averaging about 7 mm Hg higher diastolic pressure than the highest quarter.Ascorbic acid, blood pressure, and the American diet.
- In people with peripheral artery disease, a single high-dose intravenous vitamin C infusion cut by about half the rise in blood pressure during low-intensity leg exercise.Oxidative stress contributes to the augmented exercise pressor reflex in peripheral arterial disease patients.
- In 19 young adults with skin allergy who followed an eight-week low-calorie diet with vitamin C at 250% of the daily requirement, systolic blood pressure dropped significantly, though vitamin C was not tested alone.Low-energy diet in atopic dermatitis patients: clinical findings and DNA damage.
- In 9,501 Chinese adults with hypertension, a higher sodium to potassium ratio in urine went with higher blood pressure.Survey on sodium and potassium intake in patients with hypertension in China.
- In 4,716 US adolescents, potassium intake below 700 mg a day was linked to higher odds of high systolic blood pressure.Dietary sodium, dietary potassium, and systolic blood pressure in US adolescents.
- Among 2942 Chinese adults followed for 5 years, high intakes of plant nitrate together with vitamin C or polyphenols were linked to the largest drop in systolic blood pressure.Dietary Intakes of Plant and Animal Nitrate and 5-Year Blood Pressure Changes.
- In 2740 Scunthorpe adolescents, urinary potassium showed no meaningful link to blood pressure, and blood pressure did not differ by drinking water sodium content.Water sodium, urinary electrolytes, and blood pressure of adolescents.
- In 2,653 Korean adults eating a high-salt diet, a higher sodium-to-potassium ratio in urine was linked to higher blood pressure, though the abstract reports the sodium measure rather than potassium alone.Urinary Sodium and Potassium Levels and Blood Pressure in Population with High Sodium Intake.
- In a 30-year study of 1,843 middle-aged men, higher dietary vitamin C intake was linked to a modest, non-significant lower stroke risk, with no firm evidence of benefit.Dietary vitamin C, beta-carotene and 30-year risk of stroke: results from the Western Electric Study.
- In a large U.S. national survey of women aged 50 to 64, uninsured women had blood pressure similar to insured women, though they ate less vitamin C and were more likely to smoke.Health insurance status and cardiovascular disease risk factors among 50-64-year-old U.S. women: findings from the Third…
- In 1569 Japanese residents, the highest vitamin C intake tertile was linked to 43% lower risk of high home blood pressure.Fruit and vegetable consumption and the risk of hypertension determined by self measurement of blood pressure at home: t…
- In 1,513 Chinese adults, a higher urinary potassium-to-creatinine ratio was linked to lower blood pressure, and men with lower potassium excretion had higher pressure.Blood pressure and urinary cations in a Chinese population.
- In an observational study of 1,160 patients with heart rhythm disorders, at least 300 mg of oral magnesium per day for at least 6 weeks gave good to very good results in 82% of patients, and high blood pressure also improved.[High-dosage oral magnesium therapy in arrhythmias. Results of an observational study in 1.160 patients with arrhythmia]…
- In 1098 older adults, dietary calcium was linked to better bone density, and this study did not report a calcium link to blood pressure.Dietary intake, blood pressure and osteoporosis.
- In a random sample of 976 people in Cape Peninsula, hypertensive adults had lower calcium intakes than normotensive adults, but this cross-sectional survey did not test calcium supplementation and so cannot show that calcium lowers blood pressure.Hypertension in the coloured population of the Cape Peninsula.
- In a sample of 666 urban adults and youths in Zaire, higher 24-hour urinary potassium was linked to lower systolic blood pressure, after adjusting for age, sex, and body weight.Blood pressure and urinary cations in urban Bantu of Zaire.
- In 662 children with high cholesterol, higher dietary calcium intake was linked to lower blood pressure over 3 years, but this observational study cannot prove cause.Nutrient intake and blood pressure in the Dietary Intervention Study in Children.
- In a survey of school children, those with high blood pressure had lower potassium inside their red blood cells and lower night-time urinary potassium than children with normal blood pressure, and higher red-cell potassium went with lower diastolic pressure.Sodium and potassium levels in hypertensive children.
- Over about seven years in 233 Dutch children, those with higher potassium intake had a slower rise in systolic blood pressure, about 1 mm Hg lower across the intake range.Sodium and potassium intake and blood pressure change in childhood.
- In 199 adults, hypertensive patients had a higher urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio than people with normal pressure, but the study's main focus was salt taste and potassium alone was not reported as a separate result.The salt-taste threshold in untreated hypertensive patients.
- A descriptive survey of 167 free-living elderly Greeks found high blood pressure to be common and calcium intake above half of the US recommended allowance, but it did not test any calcium supplement or report a blood pressure effect of calcium.Nutrition status of the elderly in Anogia, Crete, Greece.
- In 121 low-risk adults with elevated blood pressure, magnesium taurate-potassium citrate (180 mg elemental potassium daily) plus lifestyle advice lowered blood pressure over three months in a single-arm study without a control group.Effects of magnesium taurate-potassium citrate on blood pressure and vascular stiffness in low-risk adults with elevated…
- In 100 women with severe preeclampsia, a 6 g intravenous dose of magnesium sulfate lowered maternal systolic blood pressure from about 173 to 157 and diastolic from about 110 to 102 within 20 minutes, and also lowered heart rate.The effect of loading dose of magnesium sulfate on uterine, umbilical, and fetal middle cerebral arteries Doppler in wom…
- In 60 male workers, plasma vitamin C was not linked to early artery thickening in the neck or leg arteries.Determinants of femoral and carotid artery atherosclerosis.
- In 44 youths referred for high blood pressure, higher aldosterone was linked to lower urinary sodium and sodium-to-potassium ratios, but the study did not measure blood pressure changes from potassium intake.Correlation between kidney sodium and potassium handling and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in children with h…
- In 10 hypertensive late-pregnancy women, a 4 g intravenous infusion of magnesium sulfate mildly lowered blood pressure and reduced peripheral resistance while increasing stroke volume and cardiac output.[The value of magnesium sulfate in intensive care of severe toxemias of pregnancy (author's transl)].
- In 8 women with severe gestational proteinuric hypertension, a magnesium sulphate infusion significantly lowered blood pressure, with the largest drop in diastolic pressure in those whose serum magnesium rose most.The effect of magnesium sulphate infusion on circulating catecholamine levels in severe gestational proteinuric hyperten…
- In a case series of 4 children with pulmonary hypertension from vitamin C deficiency, all improved rapidly after vitamin C replacement, with full resolution within 3 months.Pulmonary Hypertension Associated With Vitamin C Deficiency Is Rapidly Reversible.
- In a Belgian village sample, men who excreted more potassium in their 24-hour urine had lower systolic blood pressure after accounting for age, body weight and pulse rate.Salt and blood pressure in Belgium.
- In an observational study of Scottish districts, stroke hospital admissions were linked to higher blood pressure and less fruit eating, and vitamin C intake was reported to explain the gap between men and women, but blood pressure itself was not shown to be affected by vitamin C.Population risk factors for hospitalization for stroke in Scotland.
- In 666 adults from two studies, a potassium-rich diet alone did not change short-term blood pressure variability, while a higher sodium-to-potassium ratio in urine was linked to greater diastolic variability.Impact of dietary intake of sodium and potassium on short-term blood pressure variability.
- In 22 patients on long-term meds for high blood pressure or heart failure, 10 mmol of magnesium chloride per day for four months lowered systolic and diastolic pressure by about 13 mm Hg on average.Role of magnesium in the management of hypertension.
- In a nonrandomized study of 7 premature newborns with persistent pulmonary hypertension, intravenous magnesium sulfate led to clinical improvement in 6 infants, with no significant side effects, though blood pressure results were not separately reported.Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn treated with magnesium sulfate in premature neonates.
- A review of 19 calcium supplement trials found most showed no significant blood pressure effect, and pooled estimates suggested only a small reduction of about 1.8 mmHg in systolic pressure, so the authors called the evidence suggestive but not conclusive.Calcium and blood pressure. An epidemiologic perspective.
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0 of 10 biohackers on our panel recommend it
The product is listed as vitamin C, but the panel's statements treat magnesium as the main ingredient, and nearly all of them spoke about it. Most of the panel recommends or uses magnesium, mainly for sleep, with others citing muscle function, cramps, blood pressure, electrolytes, and bone health. Preferred forms are threonate (two take 400 mg before bed, and another suggests it) and glycinate before bed, and some take it in electrolyte drinks, with one aiming for about a gram a day. Cautions came from one panelist who says labels can overstate the real magnesium dose, and another who says the evidence that it improves sleep is not consistent, while one said it does not fix waking in the night. Vitamin C was mentioned by four of them, who recommend pairing it with collagen for joints and skin, and potassium is a smaller ingredient in this product that a few mentioned for electrolytes and constipation.
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Dr. Mark Hyman · Magnesium · uses
- Recommends considering magnesium glycinate before bed for nervous system support, deeper sleep quality, and to help the body transition into rest, and states that they take it every night.
- Recommends Magnesium Breakthrough Advanced 10 from Bioptimizers for restful sleep, muscle recovery, stress resilience, and metabolic health, especially during stressful times of the year.
- Warns that potassium bromate, a dough conditioner banned in the EU, UK, and Canada, is still allowed in U.S. bread.
- Recommends magnesium because it is involved in over 600 reactions in the body and up to 80% of people may have low levels that never get flagged on a standard blood test.
- Recommends magnesium as a basic supplement during detoxification to support pathways, help with constipation, and provide electrolytes.
- Recommends vitamin C as a basic supplement during detoxification to help with inflammation and detoxification.
- Recommends Magnesium Breakthrough Advanced 10 from Biooptimizers, which contains 10 bioavailable forms and 550 mg of elemental magnesium, to support restful sleep, restorative sleep, muscle recovery, stress resilience, and metabolic health.
- Dr. Hyman mentions vitamin C as an advanced therapy for skin repair.
- Mentions topical vitamin C as an antioxidant that can help skin with aging.
- Mentions that what they do when a cold comes on is not just vitamin C.
- Recommends ensuring adequate vitamin C intake on a regular basis for immune support, stating it's important for healthy immune function despite mixed data on its effectiveness for colds.
- Has recommended magnesium breakthrough from bioptimizers for years and now uses Magnesium Breakthrough Advanced 10 as part of his evening routine, especially during periods of travel, training, and higher stress, to support sleep, muscle recovery, and metabolic health.
- Mentions that vitamin C was the very first vitamin discovered, isolated, and synthesized in 1932, and its deficiency caused scurvy.
- Recommends correcting nutrient deficiencies with magnesium.
Dave Asprey · Magnesium · neutral
- Mentions magnesium in the context of sleep but states that it doesn't address the core issue of waking up during the night.
- Suggests that magnesium may help slow aging, support cellular repair, and improve sleep.
- Recommends taking vitamin C for better skin health.
- States that magnesium can affect how the body responds to a supplement.
- States that currently, he is only taking vitamin C and vitamin D.
- Recommends fixing sleep with 300mg of Magnesium 101 before bed if diet and exercise aren't melting stubborn belly fat.
- Dave Asprey says his daily routine includes magnesium as part of a carefully developed combination for longevity.
- Recommends magnesium glycinate for sleep, stating that trials show it helps people fall asleep about 17 minutes faster and that he finds it incredibly effective.
- Mentions magnesium glycinate as one of the five gut-friendly, extensively researched ingredients in Kill Switch that helps with natural sleep.
- Dave Asprey recommends Magnesium Glycinate for sleep, noting human studies show it helps people fall asleep faster, is safe, and works on a fundamental aspect of health, unlike magnesium oxide which acts as a laxative.
- Dave Asprey recommends adding 300 or 400 mg of magnesium glycinate before bed to improve deep sleep quality, support growth hormone release, and burn visceral fat while asleep.
- Dave Asprey reflects on how new research clarifies the mechanism behind IV vitamin C's anti-cancer effect, vindicating a decades-old idea that was dismissed for the wrong reasons.
- Mentions magnesium glycinate as one of the extensively researched ingredients in Kill Switch that helps with natural sleep.
- Notes that plain Vitamin C isn't enough and that most people never think to check for a specific ingredient that makes it work.
Dr. Eric Berg · Magnesium · neutral
- Dr. Eric Berg states that magnesium supports energy, muscle function, and sleep, and that most of it is stored inside cells, making deficiencies harder to detect with a standard blood test.
- States that people need more potassium than any other mineral, yet most people aren’t getting enough.
- Notes that magnesium could also be a factor in preventing muscle cramps.
- Explains that potassium is essential for peristalsis, the pumping action through the colon, and without it, things can sit there, leading to constipation.
- Mentions that lemon is loaded with vitamin C, and when combined with coffee, vitamin C significantly increases the bioavailability of antioxidants in the coffee.
- Recommends magnesium, specifically magnesium glycinate, stating it is key for D3 and K2 to work and is probably more important than calcium for building bone.
- Recommends increasing magnesium to restore balance and support healthy blood pressure.
- Dr. Berg states that Vitamin C helps fight biofilms and is essential for making collagen in gums, teeth, and capillaries.
- Warns that bone loss cannot be fixed with just calcium, as bone is primarily collagen with other essential minerals.
- Explains that the normal requirements for potassium are 4,700 mg every single day, and that very few people get half of that amount. They describe potassium's role in the sodium potassium pump, which is essential for cellular electricity, muscle contraction, and heart function. Deficiency can lead to tiredness, muscle cramps, heart palpitations, or rising blood pressure.
- Recommends increasing potassium to restore balance and support healthy blood pressure.
- Dr. Eric Berg suggests that magnesium could help support deeper, more restful sleep.
- Recommends Magnesium Glycinate, noting that the combination of magnesium and glycine is helpful for connective tissue, sleep, and reducing stress.
- Recommends Vitamin C as a cofactor, especially for collagen.
Ben Greenfield · Magnesium · uses
- Uses magnesium during surgery because it is neuroprotective.
- States that vitamin C is extremely important for collagen turnover and cites orthopedic data showing that 500 mg to 1 g of vitamin C can reduce the rate of complex regional pain in total knee replacements and wrist fractures.
- Says he is drinking LMNT, which contains sodium, potassium, and magnesium, and states that he actually drinks this stuff.
- Says he is drinking LMNT, which contains sodium, potassium, and magnesium, and states that he actually drinks this stuff.
- Mentions magnesium as part of a bare-minimum protocol.
- Advises getting red blood cell magnesium levels to the high end of the range as a minimum step for overall health and to slow down heart disease.
- Mentions vitamin C as part of a bare-minimum protocol.
- Notes that while vitamin C has significant value, the optimal dose is a vexed question, and high doses might not always be beneficial, potentially blunting the hormetic effects of exercise.
- Recommends supplementing with magnesium threonate if one is low in magnesium, as it crosses the blood-brain barrier and is demonstrated to increase hippocampus plasticity, theoretically making one smarter and improving memories.
- Uses Magnesium Breakthrough from BIOptimizers as part of their daily stack, taking four capsules in the evening to support relaxation, recovery, and a good night of sleep.
- Notes that IV vitamin C has been used for decades for cancer patients with almost no standardization and that he receives many questions about its effectiveness and combination with chemo.
- Recommends Celtic Sea Salt's new electrolyte drink "Hydrate" for replacing electrolytes and trace minerals lost through sweat, noting it contains 70 naturally occurring trace minerals, plus magnesium, taurine, and potassium.
- Recommends Celtic Sea Salt's new electrolyte drink 'Hydrate' for replenishing electrolytes and trace minerals lost through sweat, noting it contains 70 naturally occurring trace minerals, magnesium, taurine, and potassium, with no added sugar, artificial colors, or synthetic ingredients.
- Had heart palpitations when he was really overdoing magnesium, not knowing what he was taking.
Dr. Rhonda Patrick · Magnesium · neutral
- Magnesium supplementation has lowered blood pressure in randomized controlled trials. An analysis of 34 trials involving over 2,000 participants found modest reductions in both systolic and diastolic pressure, with a median dose of 368 mg/day.
- Warns that some magnesium supplements make the dose look much larger than it really is and that labels can fool people.
- Mentions magnesium as an important nutrient component for testosterone.
- Warns that some supplement companies mislead consumers by listing the total compound weight of magnesium citrate as the elemental magnesium dose, when the actual elemental magnesium content is much lower, potentially around 44-66 milligrams.
- States there is not yet strong, consistent evidence that magnesium supplementation reliably improves sleep, noting that while some meta-analyses suggest it can improve sleep quality scores, sleep efficiency, and sleep duration, individual studies are inconsistent and several have found no meaningful effect.
- Lutein and zeaxanthin can also be obtained from certain multivitamins.
- States that magnesium may help modestly lower blood pressure by playing an important role in regulating vascular tone and influencing calcium signaling, with studies showing a reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 2 mmHg at a dose of around 370 mg/day for about 3 months.
- Recommends considering magnesium to improve mood.
- Recommends Magnesium, stating that roughly half of Americans don’t get enough and it is a cofactor for over 300 biological processes, including DNA repair and energy production.
- Mentions that kale delivers magnesium, a micronutrient many diets fall short on.
- Mentions that kale delivers calcium, a micronutrient many diets fall short on.
- Recommends Magnesium, stating it is a cofactor for over 300 biological processes, including DNA repair, energy production, and sleep regulation.
- Recommends getting enough potassium, noting that most people get too much sodium and not enough potassium.
- Recommends nutrients like vitamin C for men to prioritize sperm mitochondrial health.
Siim Land · Vitamin C · recommends
- Recommends taking vitamin C with collagen to support joint collagen synthesis.
- States that Magnesium can be a useful addition for some people for sleep.
- States that vitamin C is needed for initiating collagen synthesis and that higher vitamin C intake appears to increase vitamin C content in the skin.
- Recommends magnesium for sleep, especially deep sleep, and suggests trying better types like Threonate, Biscinate, or Torate, referencing a study where magnesium supplementation improved deep sleep.
- Recommends Magnesium for blood pressure, migraines and deficiency, based primarily on human research, especially randomized controlled trials showing measurable benefits.
- Lists Magnesium as one of 15 supplements backed by human studies.
- Lists sauerkraut and fruit as sources of Vitamin C.
- States that magnesium is a fundamental mineral governing over 600 enzymes and metabolic reactions, and recommends that most people need at least 400-500 mg/d for health, with some needing up to 600 mg/d.
- Lists seafood and pumpkin seeds as sources of Magnesium.
- Lists dairy and sardines as sources of Calcium.
- Lists potatoes and fruit as sources of Potassium.
- Notes that Vitamin C is one of several supplements with human evidence.
- Thinks magnesium has some of the strongest evidence and is worth considering.
- Recommends taking magnesium, specifically glycinate and threonate forms, 1 to 2 hours before bed for sleep benefits, noting that glycinate promotes relaxation and threonate crosses the blood-brain barrier for sleep quality and cognitive function.
Thomas DeLauer · Magnesium · uses
- Uses Element's cans which contain 30 milligram magnesium, finding that electrolytes help his workout performance.
- Uses Element's cans which contain 100 milligram potassium, finding that electrolytes help his workout performance.
- Recommends taking vitamin C along with collagen about an hour before a workout for connective tissue benefits.
- Uses Element's 30 mg magnesium cans first thing in the morning to prime his day and help with workout performance.
- Uses Element's 100 mg potassium cans first thing in the morning to prime his day and help with workout performance.
- Recommends magnesium around the time one would normally break a fast to calm the brain and dull feelings of conditioned hunger.
- Uses vitamin C as part of their immunity duo, stating it is important for boosting the immune system, especially during cold and flu season.
- Recommends magnesium, noting it is a cofactor for enzymes that build neurotransmitters, and deficiency can affect mood, happiness, and motivation.
- Notes that modern agricultural practices have led to soils depleted of trace minerals like magnesium, resulting in widespread magnesium deficiency.
- Recommends consuming vitamin C to aid in NADPH recycling, which is necessary for glutathione to be reused after neutralizing oxidative stress.
- Recommends taking some magnesium glycinate tonight to help calm down and sleep.
- Takes Purity's liquid liposomal vitamin C for immune support and overall wellness, finding it easy to add to water, juice, or take straight up due to its good taste.
- Mentions that magnesium in pumpkin seeds relaxes bronchial smooth muscle.
- Compares magnesium content, stating bananas have 32mg and pumpkin seeds have 156mg per ounce, a 5x difference.
Andrew Huberman · Magnesium · neutral
- Discusses Magnesium Threonate as a tool for falling asleep.
- Takes 400 mg of Magnesium Threonate before bed for sleep.
- Uses Element, an electrolyte drink with sodium, magnesium, and potassium in correct ratios and no sugar, to ensure adequate hydration and electrolytes, especially when starting days fast or during physical exercise.
- Uses Element, an electrolyte drink with sodium, magnesium, and potassium in correct ratios and no sugar, to ensure adequate hydration and electrolytes, especially when starting days fast or during physical exercise.
- Takes 400 mg of Magnesium L-Threonate before bed for sleep.
- Confirms that magnesium is absolutely important for cognitive function, noting studies show those with lower magnesium intakes tend to perform less well on cognitive function tests, and it's related to brain changes over time and dementia risk.
- Takes 400 mg of Double Wood Magnesium L-Threonate before bed for sleep.
- He takes 400 mg of Magnesium L-Threonate from Double Wood before bed for sleep.
- Takes 400 mg of Double Wood Magnesium L-Threonate before bed for sleep.
- Takes 400 mg of magnesium L-threonate before bed for sleep.
- Takes 400 mg of Magnesium Threonate before bed for sleep.
- Takes a multivitamin every day for longevity.
- Uses Element, which contains potassium in the correct ratios, to ensure proper hydration and electrolyte intake for brain and body function.
- Mentions potassium as an electrolyte.
Bryan Johnson · Magnesium · uses
- Takes 400 mg of Magnesium Threonate before bed for sleep.
- Takes 400 mg of Magnesium L-Threonate before bed for sleep.
- Takes 400 mg of Magnesium Threonate before bed for sleep.
- He takes 400 mg of Double Wood Magnesium L-Threonate before bed for sleep.
- Takes 400 mg of Magnesium L-Threonate before bed for sleep.
- Takes 400 mg of Magnesium Threonate before bed for sleep.
- Takes 400 mg of Magnesium L-Threonate before bed for sleep.
- Takes 400 mg of magnesium L-threonate before bed for sleep.
- He takes 400 mg of Magnesium L-Threonate before bed for sleep.
- Takes 400 mg of magnesium threonate before bed for sleep.
- Recommends calcium as a mineral that, along with phosphorus, magnesium, and boron, is deposited to fortify the bone structure after the collagen scaffold is in place.
- Agrees that a little extra calcium is probably okay, especially for women, to really hit home for bone mineral density.
- Uses Vitamin C as an example of how it would be great if people knew that when they took it, it had a measurable amount and wasn't polluted, which is what Brian ensures with his products.
- Applies vitamin C after showering.
Peter Attia · Magnesium · neutral
- Peter reviews the evidence for select off-label medications and supplements commonly used for sleep, including glycine, magnesium, ashwagandha, and phosphatidylserine.
- States there is some evidence that increasing dietary potassium through potassium-rich foods like bananas and potatoes, rather than supplements, can lower blood pressure.
- Suggests that zinc and magnesium could potentially help with vasodilation and sleep, particularly for women experiencing severe symptoms in the luteal phase.
- Peter discusses electrolytes and fiber and the ketogenic diet, specifically preventing magnesium loss.
- Recommends magnesium as one of the 'big three' micronutrients for bone health, suggesting a daily intake of 300 to 500 milligrams as a minimum, and personally aims for about a gram of supplemental magnesium.
- Recommends calcium as one of the 'big three' micronutrients for bone health, suggesting a daily intake of 1,000 to 1,200 milligrams, which can be supplemented with calcium carbonate or calcium citrate.
- Recommends magnesium for optimizing bone mineral density, suggesting a daily intake of 300 to 500 milligrams as a minimum, but personally aims for about a gram.
- Explains that bone is 50 to 70% mineral, predominantly calcium, and that virtually all of the body's calcium is contained within bone, making bone important for calcium homeostasis.
- Recommends vitamin C as an important molecule for skin, noting its role as a precursor for collagen synthesis, a powerful antioxidant, and a regulator of complexion for even skin tone.
- Tried a vitamin C serum mixed with ferulic acid but stopped using it because she hated the smell. She notes that topical application of vitamin C far exceeds the levels achievable by ingestion for skin benefits.
- Recommends calcium for bone health, stating that teenagers probably need about 1000 milligrams a day.
- Discusses bone acting as a reservoir for calcium and how resorption and formation release calcium into the blood when needed.
- States that vitamin C deficiency is associated with an elevated risk of cataract, but supplementation to supranormal levels has not been shown to protect against cataract formation.
- Mentions the elimination of scurvy through the work of James Lind and the eventual understanding that it was due to vitamin C, initially thought to be just citrus.
RAL Summary
Members OnlyTier 4 for Blood Pressure
Calcium and magnesium have modest human trial support for lowering blood pressure, while vitamin C shows no clear effect in recent large reviews [5][1][10]. There are no counted reviews to confirm it, so it stays emerging.
Take 3 servings a day (3 scoops) to match the dose that worked in the studies.
- Emerging: not enough evidence to rank higher yet.
Where the evidence disagrees: 70 of the 172 human studies found no effect.
More Details
Members OnlyBody systems · Combine with · Possible side effects
Body systems: Cardiovascular system, Immune system
Possible side effects: In pregnancy trials, vitamin C with vitamin E was linked to more fetal or newborn losses and early membrane rupture. The vitamin C dose is above the daily recommended limit.
Supplement Facts
Calcium 350 mg · Magnesium 350 mg · Potassium 99 mg
Supplement Facts
Serving Size 1 Scoop(s)
Servings Per Container 42
Amount Per Serving% Daily Value
| Calcium | 350 mg | |
| Magnesium | 350 mg | |
| Potassium | 99 mg | |
| Vitamin C | 2.35 g |
Directions: Mix 1 scoop with at least 8 ounces of water once daily or as recommended by your health-care practitioner.
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Graded November 5, 2026 by the Reverse Age Lab evidence engine, from human studies, real reviews and our biohacker panel. How we grade. Is this medical advice? No. Rala organizes the published evidence; go over any change with your doctor, especially if you take meds.
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