The Isopure Company Isopure Low Carb Dutch Chocolate Review
Isopure Low Carb Whey Isolate Protein Powder, Dutch Chocolate, is listed by Isopure with 25g of protein per serving from 100% whey protein isolate. The page says the product is ultra-filtered to remove excess fat, carbs and sugars, and that it is gluten free with added vitamins and minerals. Listed highlights include 20 vitamins and minerals with immune support from vitamins A, C, E and zinc, 0g sugar, 5.5g naturally occurring BCAAs and 4g naturally occurring glutamine/glutamic acid. The page suggests it as an addition to smoothies, iced coffees and baked goods, and describes it as great-tasting nutrition that is high in protein and low carb. The product is tagged with a Keto diet type and whey protein source, and the recommended use is post-workout. The jar is listed at 2.9 pounds with 40 servings per container, with a serving size of 2 scoopfuls (65g). The manufacturer is Glanbia Performance Nutrition, Inc. Nutrition facts show 220 calories, 1g total fat, 3g total carbohydrate, 2g dietary fiber, 0g sugars, 50g protein, and 320mg sodium per serving. The page states the product contains milk and soy.
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Study, Trial or Testing Result Summary
Members Only233 human studies · 73 improved
8 of these 233 human studies gave the ingredient by drip or injection, not by mouth.
These findings cover the added vitamins and minerals, not the whey protein isolate that makes up most of this shake, so they say little about the product's main purpose. At two servings a day, vitamin A reaches a studied dose, but the one positive trial gave it with omega fatty acids and vitamin E, and a large review found vitamin A alone did not build muscle [1][2]. Folate also reaches a studied dose at two servings. One small trial linked folic acid with training to more muscle, but a larger blended product trial found no body change [3][4]. Magnesium at two servings matches a studied dose, but pooled trials found no real gain in strength [5][6]. The chloride studies tested chromium chloride, not the chloride in this shake, and found no added gains in men lifting weights [7]. Chromium did not add lean mass or strength in pooled trials [8]. Vitamin C, selenium, iron, thiamine and several other nutrients are present at only a trace of the studied amounts. Calcium and potassium showed no muscle benefit [9][10]. Animal and cell studies are never counted.
See all 233 studies →Hide the studies
- In 16 trials of 4398 people being treated for tuberculosis, zinc raised muscle mass index and weight, and zinc plus vitamin A raised weight, but vitamin A alone was not shown to build muscle.Effectiveness of micronutrients supplement in patients with active tuberculosis on treatment: Systematic review/Meta-ana…
- In 1174 people after weight-loss surgery, selenium deficiency was found in 16% at one year and 2% at two years, with symptoms including weakness and loss of muscle mass; no controlled test of selenium for building muscle was reported.Selenium Deficiency After Bariatric Surgery, Incidence and Symptoms: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
- Pooling 14 trials of 542 athletes, healthy adults, elderly people and alcoholics, magnesium did not significantly improve muscle strength, torque or power, though it may help people who are low in magnesium such as the elderly.The effect of magnesium supplementation on muscle fitness: a meta-analysis and systematic review.
- Across seven trials of 349 older people with weak bones and low muscle, strength training raised muscle mass, grip strength and protein intake, but calcium intake did not change significantly.Effects of Strength Training on Body Composition, Physical Performance, and Protein or Calcium Intake in Older People wi…
- Across 18 placebo-controlled trials with 322 people, vitamins C and E together before a single exercise session lowered fat oxidation damage, interleukin-6, cortisol and creatine kinase, but did not change muscle soreness or muscle strength.Effects of the combination of vitamins C and E supplementation on oxidative stress, inflammation, muscle soreness, and m…
- Across 18 placebo-controlled trials with 313 healthy people, vitamin C lowered fat oxidation damage and interleukin-6 after a single exercise session but did not change muscle damage, soreness or strength.Effects of vitamin C on oxidative stress, inflammation, muscle soreness, and strength following acute exercise: meta-ana…
- Across 20 placebo-controlled trials in 298 healthy adults, vitamin E did not improve muscle strength, soreness, muscle damage or inflammation after exercise.Vitamin E Does not Favor Recovery After Exercises: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
- In nine resistance training trials lasting at least 4 weeks, vitamin C and/or E neither helped nor hurt gains in lean mass or muscle strength.The effects of vitamin C and E on exercise-induced physiological adaptations: a systematic review and Meta-analysis of r…
- In a review of nine studies of antioxidants in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, vitamin E combined with penicillamine showed no significant benefit over placebo for lung function, muscle strength or movement.Antioxidants for Treatment of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
- In a pooled analysis of 4 trials in adults aged 55 and older, vitamin E combined with vitamin D and protein shortened the time to complete five chair stands by about 1.1 seconds, though the effect cannot be attributed to vitamin E alone.Antioxidant-rich foods, antioxidant supplements, and sarcopenia in old-young adults ≥55 years old: A systematic review a…
- Across 12 observational studies of older adults, people with sarcopenia (muscle loss) ate less folate, along with less energy and several other nutrients, than people without it; this shows an association, not a treatment effect.Energy and nutrient intake by people with and without sarcopenia diagnosed by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia i…
- A pooled analysis of 23 studies found older people with sarcopenia ate less selenium and other nutrients than those without, but it did not test selenium supplements.Comparison of calorie and nutrient intake among elderly with and without sarcopenia: A systematic review and meta-analys…
- A review of 26 trials in adults aged 45 and older found no significant effects of micronutrients on sex hormones or growth hormone factor IGF-1, and no copper trials were among those identified, so it says nothing directly about copper and muscle.Effects of Dietary or Supplementary Micronutrients on Sex Hormones and IGF-1 in Middle and Older Age: A Systematic Revie…
- A pooled analysis of resistance-training studies found that chromium did not significantly increase lean mass or strength, unlike creatine and HMB.Effect of dietary supplements on lean mass and strength gains with resistance exercise: a meta-analysis.
- In a review of nine reviews covering 128 studies, calcium supplements had only modest effects on bone mineral content and no muscle benefit was reported for calcium itself, though cheese and yogurt were linked to better grip strength.Nutrients and food supplements for the prevention of musculoskeletal diseases: an umbrella review.
- In 16 studies of 1573 stem cell transplant patients, results on vitamin D or calcium and sarcopenia were mixed and vitamin A gave no clear muscle benefit.Micronutrient requirements for stem cell transplantation patients > 100 days after transplant and during graft versus ho…
- In a review of 45 mostly cross-sectional studies in older adults, no link was found between calcium and muscle mass, strength, physical performance or sarcopenia.Minerals and Sarcopenia in Older Adults: An Updated Systematic Review.
- A review of 10 mostly observational studies in older adults found one study linking higher iron intake with better physical performance, with no trial evidence for iron on muscle.Minerals and Sarcopenia; The Role of Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Selenium, Sodium, and Zinc on Musc…
- In a review of supplements for cancer-related muscle wasting, vitamin C improved some quality of life measures but no muscle benefit was shown, and evidence overall was not solid enough to recommend it.A systematic review on the role of vitamins, minerals, proteins, and other supplements for the treatment of cachexia in …
- In a review of ten studies in people after knee ligament surgery, vitamin supplements showed no benefit for muscle loss, and vitamins C and E may have increased local muscle inflammation.Supplement Use in Patients Undergoing Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review.
- This broad review of nutrients for healthy aging in older adults mentions vitamin C among helpful nutrients but gives no specific muscle-building results and calls for more clinical studies.Nutraceuticals and their role in promoting musculo-skeletal healthy aging.
- A review of nine trials in healthy adults aged 50 and older found beef, protein and amino acids improved wellbeing overall, but vitamin B12 showed no effect, and the abstract gives no B12 dose, duration or muscle-specific result.The potential role of beef and nutrients found in beef on outcomes of wellbeing in healthy adults 50 years of age and ol…
- In 1434 children aged 6 to 9, two years of an after-school program with 380 mg daily calcium-rich snacks and exercise raised bone stiffness in one group but did not change muscle strength or vertical jump.Beat osteoporosis - nourish and exercise skeletons (BONES): a group randomized controlled trial in children.
- In 401 older women and men, vitamin K supplementation for 3 years lowered undercarboxylated osteocalcin by about 60% but did not change lean muscle mass or fat mass compared with the control group.Reducing Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin With Vitamin K Supplementation Does Not Promote Lean Tissue Loss or Fat Gain Over…
- In 244 men and women aged 50 and older, 3 months of potassium bicarbonate lowered bone turnover and calcium loss in urine but had no significant effect on muscle strength or function compared with placebo.Potassium Bicarbonate Supplementation Lowers Bone Turnover and Calcium Excretion in Older Men and Women: A Randomized Do…
- In 158 people with fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue, a diet and lifestyle program raised dietary iron and protein intake and improved muscle mass index, but iron was not given on its own.Effectiveness of the SYNCHRONIZE + Brief Intervention in Improving Mediterranean Diet Adherence, Nutritional Quality and…
- In 156 older women with low muscle mass, 1500 mg daily of calcium-HMB for 12 weeks did not add to the effects of resistance training on muscle quality compared with placebo.β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate Supplementation May Not Enhance Additional Effects of Exercise on Muscle Quality in Older Wom…
- In 148 men aged 70 and over with low testosterone, 20 weeks of calcium, vitamin D and protein with resistance training and testosterone improved chair stand performance versus no intervention, but calcium's own effect could not be separated.Beneficial effects of exercise, testosterone, vitamin D, calcium and protein in older men-A randomized clinical trial.
- In 148 iron-deficient kidney transplant recipients, four intravenous doses of 500 mg ferric carboxymaltose over 24 weeks did not improve walking distance, muscle mass or strength compared with placebo.Intravenous ferric carboxymaltose and exercise capacity in iron-deficient kidney transplant recipients: a randomised, pl…
- In 148 active-duty Airmen doing exercise training for 12 weeks, a multi-ingredient supplement containing folic acid raised lean muscle mass by 1.5% more than exercise with a placebo drink, but folic acid was not tested on its own.Enhanced physical and cognitive performance in active duty Airmen: evidence from a randomized multimodal physical fitnes…
- In 128 healthy adults aged 65 and older, 24 weeks of potassium bicarbonate did not improve muscle power, physical performance or muscle mass compared with placebo, though blood levels of a growth hormone marker (IGF-1) were higher.Independent effects of whey protein and alkali supplementation on muscle health in healthy older adults: factorial rando…
- In 117 elderly care residents, six months of resistance training with or without protein and vitamin supplements did not change blood levels of fat-soluble vitamins including retinol.Fat Soluble Vitamins in Institutionalized Elderly and the Effect of Exercise, Nutrition and Cognitive Training on Their …
- In 106 boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, penicillamine plus vitamin E for 18 months did not improve muscle strength or other measures compared with placebo.Clinical investigation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: penicillamine and vitamin E.
- In 105 older outpatients at risk of malnutrition, a nutrient-rich drink for 12 weeks raised calcium intake and increased muscle mass in women, but muscle strength and physical performance did not differ from standard care.The effect of 12-weeks Nutritional supplementation on Nutritional Intake and Status among Indonesian Older Outpatients w…
- In 102 adults aged 50-80 with type 2 diabetes, 90 mcg a day of vitamin K2 in yogurt for 6 months increased grip strength, muscle mass and muscle index and improved blood sugar control compared with yogurt alone.Vitamin K2 Alleviates Insulin Resistance Associated Skeletal Muscle Atrophy via the AKT/mTOR Signalling Pathway.
- In 98 adults over 50, drinking 1 liter a day of calcium and magnesium-rich mineral water for 12 months raised muscle mass relative to height and lowered falls at 6 months, but did not change physical performance scores.Efficacy of a Naturally Calcium and Magnesium-Rich Mineral Water on Musculoskeletal Fragility: A Randomized, Double-Blin…
- In 95 overweight Navy personnel who exercised, 400 mcg of chromium picolinate daily for 16 weeks did not increase lean body mass or reduce body fat more than placebo.Effects of chromium picolinate on body composition.
- In 92 iron-deficient surgery patients who all received intravenous iron, adding oral phosphate for 30 days made no difference to core muscle strength.Ferric carboxymaltose with or without phosphate substitution in iron deficiency or iron deficiency anemia before electiv…
- In 88 postmenopausal women with knee osteoarthritis doing home exercises for 24 weeks, adding vitamin E gave no extra gain in muscle strength or physical performance beyond exercise alone.Additive effects of active vitamin D3 or vitamin E administration on therapeutic lower-limb home exercise for knee osteo…
- In 83 vitamin D-deficient middle-aged women, 250 mg magnesium daily plus weekly vitamin D for 8 weeks improved handgrip strength and walking-test time and lowered a blood inflammation marker, but did not change body composition or knee strength.Randomized Study of the Effects of Vitamin D and Magnesium Co-Supplementation on Muscle Strength and Function, Body Comp…
- In 82 older adults doing resistance exercise for 12 weeks, a supplement with 200 mcg folic acid plus dairy protein and other micronutrients increased lean body mass by 0.63 kg more than exercise alone, with no extra gain in physical performance; folic acid was not tested on its own.Effects of Low-Dose Dairy Protein Plus Micronutrient Supplementation during Resistance Exercise on Muscle Mass and Physi…
- In 80 older women at risk of sarcopenia doing 32 weeks of training, lower dietary iron was linked with poorer sit-to-stand performance in the high-speed resistance group only, but iron was not given as a supplement.Nutritional intake as a determinant of high-speed resistance and multicomponent training efficacy on strength in older w…
- In 80 resistance-trained men taking a pre-workout blend including 500 mg vitamin C for 8 weeks, body composition and most strength measures did not differ from placebo, and early strength gains at 4 weeks were similar to placebo by 8 weeks.Effects of ingesting a pre-workout dietary supplement with and without synephrine for 8 weeks on training adaptations in…
- In 80 hospitalized COVID-19 pneumonia patients, a multi-ingredient supplement including selenium led to less loss of grip strength and thigh muscle thickness than standard care alone.Clinical Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Arginine Administered Orally in Association with Other Active Ingredients f…
- In 74 middle-aged overweight women, 250 mg magnesium oxide daily for 8 weeks did not produce greater gains in muscle strength, function or lean mass than placebo.Does magnesium supplementation improve body composition and muscle strength in middle-aged overweight women? A double-bl…
- In 71 young and older adults, 240 mcg per day of vitamin K2 for 12 weeks did not change muscle strength, physical function, soreness or inflammation after muscle-damaging exercise, though some age-specific differences were seen in older adults.The Effects of Vitamin K2 on Recovery from Muscle-Damaging Resistance Exercise in Young and Older Adults: The TAKEOVER R…
- In 66 older adults with low muscle mass, yogurt fortified with 500 mg vitamin C plus HMB and vitamin D for 12 weeks improved handgrip strength and walking speed more than plain yogurt, and also lowered inflammation and oxidative stress.A Novel Fortified Dairy Product and Sarcopenia Measures in Sarcopenic Older Adults: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled…
- In 64 adults with chronic lung disease doing rehabilitation, 4 weeks of 180 mg vitamin C in an antioxidant mix did not improve muscle endurance beyond placebo but raised muscle strength by 11% and cut the rate of muscle weakness from 30% to 10.7%.Additional Effects of Nutritional Antioxidant Supplementation on Peripheral Muscle during Pulmonary Rehabilitation in CO…
- In 64 people with facial nerve inflammation, the control group got vitamin B1 with B12 and a med for about 3 weeks and 84.4% improved, but acupuncture did better and thiamine was not tested on its own, so this does not show thiamine builds muscle.[Influence on orbicularis oculi muscle in the patients with facial neuritis treated with the penetra-ting needling at Cu…
- In 62 overweight pre-diabetic adults, 4 months of a combined cinnamon, chromium and carnosine supplement (1.2 g a day) raised the percentage of fat-free mass compared with placebo.A Dietary Supplement Containing Cinnamon, Chromium and Carnosine Decreases Fasting Plasma Glucose and Increases Lean Mas…
- In 60 older women with age-related muscle loss doing resistance training, 12 weeks of 1000 mg vitamin C plus vitamin E gave larger gains in arm lean mass, muscle mass index, grip strength and knee strength than placebo.Effects of vitamins C and E supplementation combined with 12-week resistance training in older women with sarcopenia: A …
- In 60 older adults with age-related muscle loss, 6 months of a whey protein, vitamin D and vitamin E supplement improved muscle mass index and handgrip strength compared with placebo.A high whey protein, vitamin D and E supplement preserves muscle mass, strength, and quality of life in sarcopenic older…
- In 60 Nordic skiers over 24 weeks of off-season training, vitamin K2-rich Jarlsberg cheese led to muscle strength and lean mass gains no different from regular Norvegia cheese, with only a near-significant trend toward better upper-body strength.Comparison of cheese with and without Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii LMGT 2951 on off-season muscle s…
- In 59 patients with alcoholic liver disease, 6 weeks of magnesium had no effect on muscle strength or mass compared with placebo, as both groups improved.Magnesium supplementation and muscle function in patients with alcoholic liver disease: a randomized, placebo-controlled…
- In 59 older adults averaging about 80 years, a combination supplement containing magnesium improved muscle mass, all muscle function tests and inflammation markers compared with placebo.A Patented Dietary Supplement (Hydroxy-Methyl-Butyrate, Carnosine, Magnesium, Butyrate, Lactoferrin) Is a Promising Ther…
- In 57 older men and women, six months of vitamin C and E with or without resistance training changed body composition but did not change strength gains or pro-oxidant markers.Combined effect of antioxidant supplementation and resistance training on oxidative stress markers, muscle and body comp…
- In 56 people with type 2 diabetes, 50 or 200 mcg of chromium nicotinate for 90 days did not change lean body mass percentage compared with placebo.Effect of chromium supplementation on the glucose homeostasis and anthropometry of type 2 diabetic patients: Double blin…
- In 53 elderly people with low muscle mass, 12 weeks of omega-3 capsules containing 10 mg vitamin E did not change muscle mass, grip strength, or walking test results compared with control capsules containing 11 mg vitamin E.The Effect of a 12-Week Omega-3 Supplementation on Body Composition, Muscle Strength and Physical Performance in Elderly…
- In 51 people with Parkinson's disease, magnesium was used as the comparison to whey protein for 4 weeks, and the two groups did not differ in changes in walking and movement tests.Can we add whey protein supplementation in patients with Parkinson's disease without interfering with levodopa response?
- In a randomized trial of 50 burn patients, a tube feeding formula containing vitamin A showed a trend toward better muscle mass preservation that was not statistically significant.Differential effects of three enteral dietary regimens on selected outcome variables in burn patients.
- In 49 chronic heavy-drinking adults, 6 weeks of oral magnesium raised muscle strength significantly while placebo produced no change.Oral magnesium supplementation improves metabolic variables and muscle strength in alcoholics.
- In 49 children with obesity on a 16-week Mediterranean-style diet that raised selenium intake, lean mass decreased along with fat mass and BMI, so no muscle benefit was seen.Mediterranean-style diet reduces metabolic syndrome components in obese children and adolescents with obesity.
- In 46 adults with long COVID fatigue, taking 500 mg of liposomal vitamin C with l-arginine twice daily for 28 days improved walking distance and grip strength more than placebo.Effects of l-Arginine Plus Vitamin C Supplementation on Physical Performance, Endothelial Function, and Persistent Fatig…
- In a randomized trial of 45 people with tennis elbow, a 30-day supplement containing 250 mg of vitamin C, collagen and hyaluronic acid, given with exercise and shock wave therapy, increased grip strength more than the other treatment groups, though vitamin C was not tested alone.Efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave therapy and nutraceutical supplementation in the treatment of lateral epicondyliti…
- In 45 people with type 2 diabetes who finished the trial, 200 mcg per day of vitamin K2 (menaquinone-7) for 12 weeks did not change muscle mass, fat-free mass or other body composition measures compared with placebo.The effect of menaquinone-7 supplementation on dp-ucMGP, PIVKAII, inflammatory markers, and body composition in type 2 d…
- In 44 people with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, drinking a whey beverage fortified with vitamin C and magnesium daily for 8 weeks lowered inflammatory markers and increased lean body mass and grip strength compared with the control group.Fortified whey beverage for improving muscle mass in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a single-blind, randomized c…
- In 44 children and teens with cystic fibrosis, 300 mg of magnesium daily for 8 weeks improved breathing muscle strength much more than placebo in a crossover trial.Oral magnesium supplementation in children with cystic fibrosis improves clinical and functional variables: a double-bli…
- In 44 healthy people, asthma patients and COPD patients, a single dose of ammonium chloride that made the blood more acidic did not change breathing-muscle or limb-muscle strength or endurance compared with placebo.Respiratory muscle strength and muscle endurance are not affected by acute metabolic acidemia.
- In 43 malnourished people with liver cirrhosis, 3 g a day of calcium HMB for 12 weeks did not change fat-free mass compared with the supplement without it, though handgrip strength trended upward.Randomized Clinical Trial: Effects of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate (HMB)-Enriched vs. HMB-Free Oral Nutritional Supplement…
- In 42 young women doing strength training for 10 weeks, taking 1 g of vitamin C a day with vitamin E blunted gains in peak muscle torque and total work compared with placebo, although muscle thickness rose similarly in both groups.Effect of strength training combined with antioxidant supplementation on muscular performance.
- In 42 adults aged 65 to 82, a daily formulation containing 10 mg tocotrienol, along with astaxanthin and zinc, plus 3 months of incline walking improved strength and muscle size, while walking training alone with placebo did not change them.Building strength, endurance, and mobility using an astaxanthin formulation with functional training in elderly.
- In 40 young men doing 8 weeks of resistance training, calcium HMB did not improve muscle thickness, strength or power more than placebo.Leucine Metabolites Do Not Enhance Training-induced Performance or Muscle Thickness.
- In 40 resistance-trained young men over 8 weeks of training, calcium HMB did not reduce training-related inflammation or change muscle thickness or strength compared with placebo.Leucine metabolites do not attenuate training-induced inflammation in young resistance trained men.
- In 40 healthy young men over 8 weeks, 0.4 mg of folic acid daily combined with resistance training increased skeletal muscle mass by about 4.8 kg, versus about 1 kg for training alone, folic acid alone or placebo.Effects of folic acid combined with resistance training on body composition and blood biomarkers in adult males.
- In 38 football players doing intensive weight training, 200 mcg of chromium picolinate daily for 9 weeks did not change lean body mass or strength compared with placebo.Effects of chromium picolinate supplementation on body composition, strength, and urinary chromium loss in football play…
- In 37 overweight or obese adults on a mild calorie-restricted diet, 240 mcg daily selenomethionine for 3 months increased lean and muscle mass and reduced fat mass compared with placebo.Selenium Supplementation, Body Mass Composition, and Leptin Levels in Patients with Obesity on a Balanced Mildly Hypocal…
- In 36 patients having aortic aneurysm surgery, about 3-4 weeks of antioxidant micronutrients including beta-carotene did not change the drop in handgrip or leg strength compared with placebo, though self-rated physical function was preserved.Limited effects of micronutrient supplementation on strength and physical function after abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy…
- In 36 men doing 8 weeks of weight training, chromium (not copper) supplements did not change muscle gain or strength, and copper was only measured as intake and blood levels, not given as a supplement.Chromium supplementation and resistance training: effects on body composition, strength, and trace element status of men…
- In 36 obese adults after a very-low-calorie diet, 200 mcg of chromium picolinate daily for 26 weeks increased lean body mass while chromium yeast and placebo did not.[Effect of chromium yeast and chromium picolinate on body composition of obese, non-diabetic patients during and after a…
- In 34 men aged 60 to 81 doing 12 weeks of strength training, 500 mg vitamin C plus vitamin E daily led to smaller gains in total lean mass and leg muscle thickness than placebo, though strength gains were similar in both groups.Vitamin C and E supplementation blunts increases in total lean body mass in elderly men after strength training.
- In healthy older men doing 12 weeks of strength training, taking 1000 mg vitamin C plus 235 mg vitamin E daily blunted the bone density gains seen with placebo.High doses of vitamin C plus E reduce strength training-induced improvements in areal bone mineral density in elderly me…
- In 32 older adults given nicotinamide riboside (1,000 mg) plus pterostilbene (200 mg) daily, muscle stem cell recruitment and muscle recovery after an induced muscle injury were no better than placebo.A randomized placebo-controlled trial of nicotinamide riboside and pterostilbene supplementation in experimental muscle …
- In 29 people recovering from anterior cruciate ligament surgery, 1000 mg vitamin C plus high-dose vitamin E for about 16 weeks did not change muscle strength compared with placebo.Serum cytokines and muscle strength after anterior cruciate ligament surgery are not modulated by high-doses of vitamins…
- In 28 overweight or obese adults on a low-calorie diet, 200 mcg of selenium plus zinc for 8 weeks raised resting metabolic rate and improved one mobility test (timed up-and-go) more than placebo, but body composition, fitness and handgrip strength did not differ.The Effects of Zinc and Selenium Co-Supplementation on Resting Metabolic Rate, Thyroid Function, Physical Fitness, and F…
- In 27 people with myotonic dystrophy followed for 2 years, taking up to 800 mg vitamin E daily with selenium did not slow the loss of grip strength or walking speed compared with placebo.Functional deterioration and selenium-vitamin E treatment in myotonic dystrophy. A placebo-controlled study.
- In 26 healthy young adults doing 10 weeks of resistance training, a supplement with whey protein, leucine, creatine, calcium citrate and vitamin D twice daily increased lean body mass more than placebo (+4.1 vs +2.8 kg), but calcium's own effect cannot be separated.The Effect of a Multi-ingredient Supplement on Resistance Training-induced Adaptations.
- Over 10 weeks of resistance training, a multi-ingredient supplement containing calcium citrate increased the size of fast muscle fibers more than a collagen control, though calcium's effect could not be separated from the other ingredients.The Effect of Multi-Ingredient Protein versus Collagen Supplementation on Satellite Cell Properties in Males and Females…
- In 25 resistance-trained people, a pre-workout drink containing 65 mg niacin for 7 days helped maintain leg press strength and increased lifting volume and repetitions compared with placebo, with no difference in cycling time trial or side effects.Short-Term Effects of a Ready-to-Drink Pre-Workout Beverage on Exercise Performance and Recovery.
- In 25 overweight children aged 9-12, 400 mcg of chromium chloride daily for 6 weeks with lifestyle changes increased lean body mass more than placebo (2.43 kg vs 1.36 kg).Effects of short-term chromium supplementation on insulin sensitivity and body composition in overweight children: rando…
- In 24 older adults, a single dose of 3 g calcium beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate added to 40 g whey boosted muscle protein synthesis in older women and reduced muscle protein breakdown, but the effect was not seen in men.The Effect of β-Hydroxy-β-Methyl Butyrate (HMB) upon Acute Fed-State Muscle Protein Turnover in Older Men and Women: A R…
- In 24 stroke patients in rehabilitation, one sachet daily of a multi-nutrient product containing copper for 8 weeks led to greater gains in lean mass, fatigue, balance and function than rehabilitation alone, but copper's own effect cannot be separated out.The role of nutritional supplement on post-stroke fatigue: a pilot randomized controlled trial.
- In 23 trained men doing resistance training for 10 weeks, taking vitamin C with vitamin E produced similar leg and bench press strength gains to placebo but appeared to blunt upper body muscle gains and grip strength improvement.Antioxidant vitamin supplementation on muscle adaptations to resistance training: A double-blind, randomized controlled …
- In 22 elite female volleyball players, 325 mg of ferrous sulphate daily for 11 weeks prevented a drop in iron levels and gave greater strength gains than no iron (total mean strength +26.2% vs +10.9%).Iron supplementation prevents a decline in iron stores and enhances strength performance in elite female volleyball play…
- In 22 runners taking 1000 mg vitamin C and 300 mg vitamin E for 6 weeks before a 50-km ultramarathon, supplements did not reduce muscle damage or speed recovery of muscle strength compared with placebo.Antioxidants did not prevent muscle damage in response to an ultramarathon run.
- In 21 children with kidney disease and mild anemia, 12 weeks of iron sulfate made no significant difference in muscle mass or grip strength compared with no iron.Pilot pragmatic clinical trial of iron therapy in children with anemia of chronic kidney disease (FeTCh-CKD).
- In 19 healthy young adults doing 8 weeks of functional training, a daily supplement with vitamin A, omega fatty acids and vitamin E raised muscle mass by 1.7% while placebo lost 1.2%, with similar strength gains in both groups.Effects of Supplementation with Omega-3 and Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Antioxidant Vitamins, Combined with …
- In 18 older men doing resistance training for 12 weeks, 924 mcg a day of chromium picolinate did not increase muscle size, strength or lean mass beyond training alone, and the placebo group gained more knee-extension power.Effects of resistance training and chromium picolinate on body composition and skeletal muscle in older men.
- In 16 untrained young men doing resistance training for 12 weeks, 200 mcg a day of chromium did not increase strength or lean body mass more than placebo.Effects of chromium and resistive training on muscle strength and body composition.
- In 15 women softball athletes doing resistance training for 6 weeks, 500 mcg a day of chromium picolinate produced no significant differences in strength or body composition compared with placebo.The effect of chromium picolinate on muscular strength and body composition in women athletes.
- In 14 older adults with impaired physical function, 32 days of 207.5 mg niacin equivalents daily did not improve muscle energy production, muscle NAD levels or exercise efficiency compared with the control.NAD+-Precursor Supplementation With L-Tryptophan, Nicotinic Acid, and Nicotinamide Does Not Affect Mitochondrial Functio…
- In 12 male weight trainers, a single dose of potassium-magnesium aspartate taken before a resistance workout did not lower blood ammonia or improve bench press performance to failure compared with vitamin C.Effect of acute potassium-magnesium aspartate supplementation on ammonia concentrations during and after resistance trai…
- In 12 overweight women losing weight, riboflavin at 1.16 versus 0.96 mg per 1000 kcal made no difference to aerobic capacity, weight loss or change in lean body mass.Effects of exercise on riboflavin requirements: biological validation in weight reducing women.
- In 10 selenium-depleted patients on long-term intravenous nutrition, 200 mcg of selenium 5-7 times weekly for 4 months did not change thigh muscle strength, though type 1 muscle fiber diameter increased slightly.The effect of selenium supplementation on skeletal and cardiac muscle in selenium-depleted patients.
- In people with sarcopenia given iron (sodium ferrous citrate, 29 or 57 mg) plus 5-aminolevulinic acid for 12 weeks, muscle mass index did not differ from placebo, but hand grip strength increased or tended to increase, with no consistent changes in other measures.Efficacy and Safety of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Combined with Iron on Skeletal Muscle Mass Index and Physical Performance o…
- In a 12-week randomized trial in adults with metabolic syndrome, tocotrienol-enriched oats increased muscle mass by about 0.3 kg compared with control, alongside improvements in blood sugar, blood pressure and cholesterol.Effects of tocotrienol-enriched oat supplementation on metabolic profile, nutritional status and health-related quality …
- In a six-month trial in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, L-threonine given with the active form of vitamin B6 did not improve muscle strength compared with placebo, and the number of people and the dose were not stated.Electrophysiologic endpoint measures in a multicenter ALS drug trial.
- In people having hip replacement surgery, a pain-relief cocktail that included magnesium sulfate and sodium bicarbonate reduced pain and morphine use and improved early walking, while the abstract does not report muscle strength results.Effects of a Modified Long-Acting Cocktail on Analgesia and Enhanced Recovery After Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Double-Bli…
- In a case-control study of 130 adults, people with epilepsy ate less vitamin C than healthy controls and had higher body fat, but the study did not test vitamin C effects on muscle.Dietary and lifestyle behavior in adults with epilepsy needs improvement: a case-control study from northeastern Poland.
- In 103 schoolboys, a 6-month exercise program raised lean mass and lowered fat mass, but thiamine was not given as a supplement; the exercise group only ate more vitamin B1 through their diet, so the study says nothing about thiamine for muscle building.Implementation of a Physical Activity Program Protocol in Schoolchildren: Effects on the Endocrine Adipose Tissue and Co…
- In 66 adolescent girls, about 1300 mg daily calcium from milk for 12 weeks did not change body composition or muscle performance, though resistance training did improve them and milk with training improved bone density.Resistance Training and Milk-Substitution Enhance Body Composition and Bone Health in Adolescent Girls.
- In 40 older adults with type 2 diabetes and abdominal obesity on a low-calorie diet, 3 weeks of a fermented milk product containing manganese among other nutrients preserved skeletal muscle mass better than diet alone and lowered oxidative stress markers, but the effect of manganese alone is unknown.[Assessment of the clinical effectiveness of a specialized fermented milk product for the dietary correction of carbohyd…
- In 39 adults with type 2 diabetes, 15 weeks of exercise training changed body fat and fitness but riboflavin was not given as a supplement, and the study did not show that riboflavin built muscle.The effect of exercise conditioning, diet, and drug therapy on glycosylated hemoglobin levels in type 2 (NIDDM) diabetic…
- In 33 young women doing 10 weeks of strength training, taking 400 IU vitamin E with 1 g vitamin C daily blunted gains in lean mass compared with placebo, which did gain lean mass.Antioxidant Supplementation Impairs Changes in Body Composition Induced by Strength Training in Young Women.
- In a retrospective study of 30 intensive care patients with ICU-acquired weakness, adding vitamin B1 to usual care produced greater improvement in muscle strength scores than usual care alone and shortened time on the ventilator and in intensive care.[Clinical efficacy of vitamin B1 in ICU-acquired weakness patients].
- In 26 healthy men doing resistance training for 10 weeks, eating foods rich in astaxanthin, beta-carotene and resveratrol increased leg strength and resting oxygen use, while muscle mass rose in both groups.Astaxanthin-, β-Carotene-, and Resveratrol-Rich Foods Support Resistance Training-Induced Adaptation.
- In 26 untrained young adults doing 7 weeks of leg strength training, those taking magnesium gained more thigh strength than those on placebo (211 vs 174 Nm).Effect of magnesium supplementation on strength training in humans.
- In 12 young and 12 old men, a single dose of nicotinamide riboside raised NAD levels in both groups and improved isometric muscle strength by 8% and fatigue index by 15% only in the older men, with no change in maximal oxygen uptake or in the young.Acute nicotinamide riboside supplementation improves redox homeostasis and exercise performance in old individuals: a do…
- In 20 patients with cystic fibrosis, 6 months of endurance or resistance training did not improve muscle strength, and vitamin E levels showed only a trend that differed by training type.Muscular strength after different types of training in physically active patients with cystic fibrosis.
- In 10 patients with COPD, a single 2 g intravenous vitamin C infusion, compared with saline, reduced quadriceps fatigue during exercise and lowered malondialdehyde, a marker of oxidative stress.Ascorbate infusion increases skeletal muscle fatigue resistance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
- Over 28 days, young male construction workers drinking riboflavin-fortified apple juice (1.3 mg daily) had less self-reported fatigue than those drinking plain juice, and their malondialdehyde (an oxidative stress marker) fell more, while changes in body muscle mass were not statistically significant.Physicochemical properties of and volatile compounds in riboflavin fortified cloudy apple juice; study of its effect on …
- In 243 adults with low vitamin K status, taking 180 mcg of menaquinone-7 daily for one year produced a small drop in BMI and no reported gain in lean muscle mass.Sex-Specific Effects of Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) Supplementation on Body Composition and Adiposity Markers.
- In an open-label study of 242 adults with diabetic nerve damage, vitamin B12 as methylcobalamin at 500 mcg three times daily for 12 weeks was less effective than epalrestat on symptoms and muscle strength, and it was judged less well tolerated.Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of Epalrestat compared to Methylcobalamine in patients with diabetic neuropathy.
- In 60 obese adults on an unsupplemented 1000 kcal diet for about 6 months, thiamin levels stayed normal and muscle mass was maintained while fat was lost.Dietary management of obesity: evaluation of the time-energy displacement diet in terms of its efficacy and nutritional …
- In a retrospective study of 52 middle-aged women taking 100 mcg vitamin K2 daily with other vitamins for 12 weeks, body weight and fat percentage fell while lean mass was reported as preserved, with no separate muscle gain shown, and high-sensitivity CRP dropped; there was no control group.Effects of 12-Week Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation on Immune Function, Body Weight, and Metabolic Parameters in M…
- In an open study of 39 advanced cancer patients with weight loss, a four-month regimen including 30,000 IU per day of vitamin A along with other antioxidants, diet, and drugs significantly increased lean body mass, though without a placebo group.A phase II study with antioxidants, both in the diet and supplemented, pharmaconutritional support, progestagen, and ant…
- In 30 people with rheumatoid arthritis and anemia, treatment with erythropoietin plus intravenous iron sucrose (given weekly when iron was low) raised hemoglobin and muscle strength and lowered fatigue, though there was no control group.Effect of recombinant human erythropoietin and intravenous iron on anemia and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis.
- In a single-group study of 25 evaluable patients with advanced cancer, 16 weeks of a multi-ingredient antioxidant plan containing 30,000 IU daily of vitamin A was followed by higher lean body mass and lower inflammation and oxidative stress markers, though vitamin A could not be assessed on its own.Cancer-related anorexia/cachexia syndrome and oxidative stress: an innovative approach beyond current treatment.
- In 23 young women with iron deficiency anemia, 8 weeks of 160 mg daily iron as ferrous sulfate improved muscle endurance but not muscle strength or aerobic fitness, in an uncontrolled study without a placebo group.Efficacy of 8-week oral iron supplementation on fatigue and physical capacity in young women with iron deficiency anemia…
- In eight obese people fasting for more than 14 days, a daily dose of 60 mmol potassium chloride plus 150 mmol sodium bicarbonate reduced ammonium and urea nitrogen excretion, and the authors suggest ammonium excretion accounts for about one-third of lean body mass loss during a prolonged fast.Protein wasting due to acidosis of prolonged fasting.
- Two adults with myotonic dystrophy type 1 who received 100 mg thiamine shots twice a week for 11 to 12 months had better muscle strength and daily activity scores.Can long-term thiamine treatment improve the clinical outcomes of myotonic dystrophy type 1?
- Niacin at 750 to 1,000 mg a day for up to 10 months raised blood NAD levels and increased muscle strength and mitochondrial biogenesis in people with adult-onset mitochondrial myopathy.Niacin Cures Systemic NAD+ Deficiency and Improves Muscle Performance in Adult-Onset Mitochondrial Myopathy.
- A genetic analysis of about 378,000 UK Biobank participants found little evidence that genetically higher vitamin B12 levels were linked to risk of sarcopenia (low muscle mass and strength).Causal Relationship of Genetically Predicted Serum Micronutrients Levels With Sarcopenia: A Mendelian Randomization Stud…
- In a large UK Biobank cross-sectional study of about 68,000 adults averaging 64 years old, higher dietary iron intake was linked to stronger handgrip in women, though this study cannot show that iron causes the difference.Associations between diet and handgrip strength: a cross-sectional study from UK Biobank.
- In a large US survey of 19,696 adults, higher dietary selenium intake was linked to lower odds of sarcopenia, with the highest intake group having about 39% lower odds than the lowest group.Dietary selenium intake and sarcopenia in American adults.
- In a survey of 11,635 Korean adults, lower vitamin B1 intake was linked to higher odds of low handgrip strength, with the association seen in men.Sex and Diet-Related Disparities in Low Handgrip Strength among Young and Middle-Aged Koreans: Findings Based on the Kor…
- In a large survey of US adults, higher dietary antioxidant scores were linked to lower sarcopenia risk, and this association was mainly attributed to vitamin E intake.The inverse associations between composite-dietary-antioxidant-index and sarcopenia risk in US adults.
- In 9,693 US adults, those with the highest dietary copper intake had about 57% lower odds of low muscle mass than those with the lowest intake, and this link was partly explained by serum albumin, bilirubin, and gamma-glutamyl transferase.Oxidative stress indicators mediated the association of dietary copper intake with low muscle mass: a cross-sectional st…
- In a cross-sectional study of 8,711 US adults aged 20 to 59, higher dietary intake of vitamin B1 (thiamine) was associated with lower odds of early-onset sarcopenia (muscle loss at a young age), but this does not show that taking thiamine causes muscle gain.Association of vitamins B1 and B2 intake with early-onset sarcopenia in the general adult population of the US: a cross-…
- In 8,135 US adults aged 18 to 59, blood manganese was linked to sarcopenia in a non-linear way, with risk rising above about 13.45 micrograms per liter.Associations between blood manganese levels and sarcopenia in adults: insights from the National Health and Nutrition Ex…
- In NHANES adults from 2005 to 2018, higher dietary copper intake, along with several other micronutrients, was negatively associated with sarcopenia.Associations of four important dietary pattern scores, micronutrients with sarcopenia and osteopenia in adults: results …
- In a survey of 6,621 US adults aged 40 and older, those with the highest dietary antioxidant intake, including selenium, had about half the odds of sarcopenia compared with those with the lowest intake.Association between Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index and sarcopenia in U.S. middle-aged and older adults: A cross-sec…
- In 5,389 Chinese adults, higher blood copper levels were linked to less muscle mass relative to body size and weaker grip relative to body size, with the strongest links in younger adults.Serum essential elements and muscle health in Chinese adults: a community-based study.
- In a large Korean sample of adults 65 and older, retinol intake was among the top-ranked predictors of sarcopenia in women, but the abstract does not report that vitamin A improved muscle.Sarcopenia feature selection and risk prediction using machine learning: A cross-sectional study.
- In 3,860 US adults, higher serum copper was linked to lower muscle mass, with the highest-copper group showing about 0.29 kg/m2 lower muscle mass than the lowest-copper group.Association between serum copper levels and muscle mass: results from NHANES 2011-2016.
- In older South Koreans, not meeting the recommended riboflavin intake was linked to a 36.6% higher risk of sarcopenic obesity, though this is an association from a survey, not proof of cause.Sarcopenic obesity can be negatively associated with active physical activity and adequate intake of some nutrients in K…
- In 2,851 Chinese children aged 6 to 9, higher blood manganese was weakly linked to lower odds of insufficient muscle development.Insufficient Muscle Development Level Associated with Serum Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt Levels in Children Aged 6 to 9 Ye…
- In 2,570 women, higher dietary magnesium was linked with more muscle mass and greater leg explosive power, but not with grip strength.Dietary Magnesium Is Positively Associated With Skeletal Muscle Power and Indices of Muscle Mass and May Attenuate the A…
- In a cross-sectional study of 2532 older adults, higher oral magnesium intake was associated with lower odds of sarcopenia in a dose-dependent pattern, even after full adjustment.Association between oral intake magnesium and sarcopenia: a cross-sectional study.
- In 2,015 older Taiwanese adults followed for three years, a higher serum copper-to-zinc ratio was associated with higher risk of developing sarcopenia (adjusted odds ratio 1.39 per standard deviation increase).Copper-to-zinc ratio predicts incident sarcopenia and adverse health outcomes: Results from I-Lan Longitudinal Aging Stu…
- In a cohort of 1970 UK adults, estimated daily drinking water selenium exposure showed few links to health outcomes, including sarcopenia (low muscle mass), so no clear effect on muscle was found.Personalised estimates of dosage within a population-based cohort suggest limited evidence that drinking water chemistry…
- In 1,930 adults aged 45 to 76 followed for six years, higher vitamin B12 levels showed only a non-significant trend toward lower risk of low handgrip strength.Prospective Associations of Serum Vitamin B12, Homocysteine, and Ferritin Levels with Probable Sarcopenia.
- In a national survey of 1,766 Japanese adults aged 60 and older, higher vitamin B6 intake was positively associated with higher skeletal muscle index in men.Nutrient and food group intakes and skeletal muscle index in the Japanese elderly: a cross-sectional analysis of the NHN…
- In 1606 community-dwelling Japanese adults aged 65 and older, a diet high in fish, soy foods, vegetables, fruit and mushrooms, and low in rice was linked to lower odds of sarcopenia (low muscle), with vitamin K intake used only as one nutrient that helped define the dietary pattern.Association of nutrient-derived dietary patterns with sarcopenia and its components in community-dwelling older Japanese…
- In older men from a large cohort, blood thiamine showed only a weak correlation with walking speed (r = -0.18), and no link to muscle mass was reported for it.Nutrient Metabolites Associated With Low D3Cr Muscle Mass, Strength, and Physical Performance in Older Men.
- In 1420 Korean postmenopausal women, those eating the most fruit, which is rich in vitamin C and potassium, had lower odds of having multiple body composition problems, including low muscle mass, though this cross-sectional study cannot prove cause.Fruit intake and osteosarcopenic obesity in Korean postmenopausal women aged 50-64 years.
- In a cross-sectional study of 1345 community-dwelling Japanese adults aged 60 and older, the highest dietary vitamin E intake was linked to lower odds of sarcopenia (low muscle mass and function) than the lowest intake, but this does not show that vitamin E causes muscle gain.Dietary Intake of Vitamin E and Fats Associated with Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Japanese People: A Cross-Sec…
- In a large study of 1172 adults aged 50 to 85, higher blood levels of alpha-carotene were linked to greater knee muscle strength, while retinol (vitamin A) levels were not linked to strength.Serum α-Carotene, but Not Other Antioxidants, Is Positively Associated with Muscle Strength in Older Adults: NHANES 2001…
- In 815 community-dwelling older Japanese adults, copper intake was lower in the prefrailty group, though magnesium was the main nutrient identified as linked to prefrailty.Association of Protein and Magnesium Intake with Prevalence of Prefrailty and Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Japane…
- In a study of 802 adults aged 65 and older, low dietary folate intake was linked to higher odds of frailty, which includes low muscle strength, after adjustment; this shows an association, not a supplement effect.Low nutrient intake is an essential component of frailty in older persons.
- In 766 black and white adolescents, lower dietary magnesium intake was associated with higher CRP and lower fat-free mass, and almost none of the teens met the recommended magnesium intake.Magnesium Intake, C-Reactive Protein, and Muscle Mass in Adolescents.
- In a population study of 765 adults over 65, lower alanine aminotransferase levels were linked to frailty, disability, muscle loss and vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) deficiency, and to higher mortality; no vitamin B6 supplement was tested and the abstract gives no direct effect of vitamin B6 on muscle building.Low Alanine Aminotransferase Levels in the Elderly Population: Frailty, Disability, Sarcopenia, and Reduced Survival.
- In a cohort of 70-year-olds in Sweden, higher riboflavin intake was linked to more lean muscle mass, but after correcting for multiple comparisons no link remained with grip strength or gait speed.Nutrient Intake and Its Association with Appendicular Total Lean Mass and Muscle Function and Strength in Older Adults: …
- In 620 older adults, riboflavin intake was linked to better walking and turning performance in women before adjustment, but no nutrient remained linked to grip strength in either sex after adjustment.Muscle Strength and Physical Performance in Relation to Dietary Intake Among Older Men and Women.
- In 584 community-dwelling older adults, vitamin C intake was higher in those with sarcopenia (low muscle), though this cross-sectional study cannot show cause and effect.Dietary intake and its association with sarcopenia in older adults: a cross-sectional analysis.
- In 534 Chinese adults aged 18 to 55, higher vitamin B1 levels were linked to lower muscle mass in one model, but this did not hold up after statistical correction.Serum vitamin D and B9 are positively associated with muscle mass in young and middle-aged adults: a cross-sectional stu…
- In 498 middle-aged black South African women, a diet pattern high in vitamin C, sugar and potassium was not reported to be linked with muscle or body composition, while an animal-based diet pattern was linked with higher lean mass.Nutrient Patterns and Body Composition Parameters of Black South African Women.
- In a cross-sectional survey of 493 Korean cancer survivors, sarcopenia (low muscle mass) was more common among those with inadequate vitamin A intake, but vitamin A was not a significant factor in the multivariable analysis.Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Sarcopenia in Korean Cancer Survivors: Based on Data Obtained by the Korea Nat…
- In this machine learning study of 484 older adults, vitamin B7 (biotin) was one of several nutritional predictors of sarcopenia risk, but the abstract does not state its direction of effect or any muscle-building result.Identifying risk factors for sarcopenia using machine learning: insights from multimodal data.
- In 469 older Japanese adults, higher vitamin B6 intake (from food) was linked to better movement, balance and walking ability, but not to muscle strength.Relationships among Physical Activity, Physical Function, and Food Intake in Older Japanese Adults Living in Urban Areas…
- In 454 Chinese children, higher plasma copper was linked to more body fat overall and in each body region, and inflammation partly explained this link. Muscle was not measured.Relationship Between Plasma Copper Concentration and Body Fat Distribution in Children in China: a Cross-Sectional Study…
- In a cross-sectional study of 425 adults eating omnivore, lacto-ovo vegetarian or vegan diets, those taking iron supplements had a lower percentage of muscle mass and higher C-reactive protein, an inflammation marker. This is an association and does not prove iron caused the difference.The Relevance of Plant-Based Diets and Micronutrient Supplementation for Body Composition: Data from the VeggieNutri Cro…
- In a retrospective study of 406 peritoneal dialysis patients, higher blood selenium was weakly linked to more skeletal muscle mass, but this was only an association and not a tested treatment effect.Prevalence and correlates of low plasma selenium concentrations in peritoneal dialysis patients.
- In 392 adults with knee osteoarthritis, higher dietary potassium intake was linked to greater lower limb muscle strength over 24 months.Associations of Dietary Macroelements with Knee Joint Structures, Symptoms, Quality of Life, and Comorbid Conditions in …
- In 386 dialysis patients, blood manganese above 10.6 micrograms per liter was linked to a higher risk of sarcopenia.The non-linear associations between blood manganese level and sarcopenia in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis…
- In 331 older adults, those with sarcopenia ate less vitamin K than those without, though this cross-sectional study cannot show that low intake causes muscle loss.Association between dietary nutrient intake and sarcopenia in the SarcoPhAge study.
- In 327 community-dwelling older adults in Taipei, lower serum selenium was associated with lower muscle mass, and the lowest selenium quarter had about 4.6 times the odds of low muscle mass compared with the highest quarter.Low serum selenium level is associated with low muscle mass in the community-dwelling elderly.
- In a cross-sectional study of 301 adults, vegans and vegetarians had higher vitamin K intake than omnivores, but the study did not link vitamin K intake to muscle mass.Bone Remodelling, Vitamin D Status, and Lifestyle Factors in Spanish Vegans, Lacto-Ovo Vegetarians, and Omnivores.
- In 300 older Iranian adults, vitamin A was one part of a broader nutrient pattern; the abstract links only a different pattern, the anti-inflammatory one, to lower odds of sarcopenia, and does not report a vitamin A effect on muscle.Patterns of Nutrient Intake in Relation to Sarcopenia and Its Components.
- In 295 Brazilian older adults, inadequate vitamin B6 intake directly affected the diagnosis of sarcopenia.High Prevalence of Energy and Nutrients Inadequacy among Brazilian Older Adults.
- In 295 hospitalized patients with cirrhosis, serum copper did not differ between those with and without myosteatosis (fatty muscle infiltration), while low serum manganese was the trace element linked to it.Low serum manganese as a noninvasive marker predicting the presence of myosteatosis among hospitalized patients with cir…
- In 281 older women, those with high relative muscle mass had higher daily manganese intake from food than those with low muscle mass.Dietary Protein Requirement Threshold and Micronutrients Profile in Healthy Older Women Based on Relative Skeletal Muscl…
- In a cross-sectional study of Chinese women, those with sarcopenia had lower dietary vitamin E intake, but this study did not test whether vitamin E changes muscle strength.Relationships between sarcopenia, nutrient intake, and gut microbiota in Chinese community-dwelling older women.
- In 233 Vietnamese women who had immigrated to South Korea, iron intake and skeletal muscle mass both decreased between baseline and follow-up. The study did not isolate iron's effect on muscle.Dietary changes in Vietnamese marriage immigrant women: The KoGES follow-up study.
- In a cross-sectional study of 232 Korean adults, those with lower muscle mass had higher copper levels in their hair than those with normal muscle mass, but this does not show that copper affects muscle, and no copper supplement was given.Associations between Hair Mineral Concentrations and Skeletal Muscle Mass in Korean Adults.
- Among 227 community-dwelling older adults in Maastricht, those with sarcopenia (low muscle mass and strength) ate 10% to 18% less vitamin B6, folate, vitamin E, magnesium and omega-3 fats than those without it.Differences in Nutrient Intake and Biochemical Nutrient Status Between Sarcopenic and Nonsarcopenic Older Adults-Results…
- In a prospective cohort of 197 older adults with type 2 diabetes followed for about 14 months, vitamin C intake was not related to loss of muscle mass.Vitamin Intake and Loss of Muscle Mass in Older People with Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Study of the KAMOGAWA-DM Coho…
- In 193 pancreatic cancer patients, folic acid was only part of the chemotherapy regimen, and muscle mass changes were linked to surgical removal of the tumor rather than to folate itself.Association Between Changes in Body Composition and Neoadjuvant Treatment for Pancreatic Cancer.
- In a cross-sectional study of 189 older adults, vitamin B6 status was linked to one or more measures of sarcopenia, but the abstract does not state the direction of the link.Systemic and Metabolic Signature of Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.
- In this case-control study of 170 women, professional dancers had higher biotin intake than non-dancers and better muscle mass and grip strength, but the study did not show that biotin intake caused these differences.Eating Attitudes and Anthropometric Indices of Adult Women in Performance Dance: A Case-Control Study in Greece.
- In 164 older adults with dizziness and unsteady gait, 23% had low vitamin B1 or B12, which was highly associated with muscle weakness and frailty.Dizziness and unstable gait in the older adults are associated with vestibular hypofunction, muscle dysfunction and slee…
- In 150 Taiwanese adults, higher plasma copper was linked to less skeletal muscle mass and more body fat.Association Between Essential and Non-essential Metals, Body Composition, and Metabolic Syndrome in Adults.
- In a case-control study of 130 older adults, those with depression ate less vitamin B6 than controls, and inadequate intake of several nutrients was linked to weaker handgrip strength and poorer physical function.Inappropriate nutrients intake is associated with lower functional status and inferior quality of life in older adults w…
- In 124 men with HIV, higher selenium intake was associated with greater muscle mass and higher selenium levels with lower inflammatory markers, but this was a correlation study without supplementation.Zinc and selenium indicators and their relation to immunologic and metabolic parameters in male patients with human immu…
- In 115 outpatients with chronic pancreatitis, vitamin E deficiency was found only in those with pancreatic enzyme insufficiency, and the study did not show a link between vitamin E and muscle function.Micronutrient deficits in patients with chronic pancreatitis: prevalence, risk factors and pitfalls.
- In a retrospective study of 112 women with anorexia nervosa, higher vitamin B6 levels in the blood predicted more symptoms of negative body image; no supplement was given and muscle building was not measured as an outcome.Muscle Mass and Vitamin B6 Are Linked to Negative Body Image in Women with Anorexia Nervosa: A Retrospective Study.
- In a cross-sectional study of 103 adults in a Kashin-Beck disease area of China, higher blood selenium was linked to lower sarcopenia risk only in people without the disease, not in those with it.Kashin-Beck Disease: A Risk Factor for Sarcopenia and Its Interaction with Selenium.
- In a cross-sectional study of 100 adults with obesity, those with sarcopenic obesity (low muscle mass with obesity) were more likely to have a manganese intake below recommended levels, though this does not show that manganese intake causes muscle loss.Sarcopenic Obesity in Adult Patients: Prevalence and Risk Factors.
- In a cross-sectional study of 97 women seeking fertility treatment, higher dietary riboflavin intake was linked to a higher muscle mass percentage after adjustment, but this cannot show that riboflavin causes more muscle.Dietary nutrient intake and nutritional status in women with infertility: a cross-sectional study.
- In a retrospective real-world study of 94 adults receiving weekly a med with vitamin B12 for 3 months, participants lost fat and about 1.4 kg of lean mass, including 0.9 kg of skeletal muscle, though muscle made up a larger share of body weight.Read the study on PubMed (39776038) →
- In 90 Thai older adults, inadequate vitamin B12 intake was found alongside lower muscle mass indices, though this cross-sectional study cannot show that B12 caused the difference.Loss of Posterior Occluding Teeth and Its Association with Protein-Micronutrients Intake and Muscle Mass among Thai Elde…
- In a cross-sectional study of 86 care facility residents, vitamin B12 was not a significant contributor to physical performance, while low folate was linked to weaker strength in older women.Relationship between Homocysteine, Folate, Vitamin B12 and Physical Performance in the Institutionalized Elderly.
- In 82 adults with acromegaly and matched controls, vitamin B6 intake was correlated with sit-to-stand test performance, but the abstract does not clearly state which direction is beneficial.The relationships among nutrition, body composition, muscle strength and physical performance in patients with acromegal…
- In 72 patients eligible for stem cell transplant, sarcopenia was associated with inadequate vitamin B6 intake.Evaluation of nutritional risk factors in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation-eligible patients.
- In a case-control study of 66 COVID-19 survivors, an 8-week amino acid supplement that also contained vitamin B6 and B1 improved muscle mass, handgrip strength and walking performance compared with controls.Effects of a New Multicomponent Nutritional Supplement on Muscle Mass and Physical Performance in Adult and Old Patients…
- In 65 high-level endurance runners, blood selenium was linked to body composition measures in both directions, but this was a correlation study with no selenium supplementation given.Association between Trace Elements and Body Composition Parameters in Endurance Runners.
- In 64 outpatients with chronic lung disease, thiamin intake met recommended levels and was not related to body weight, and no muscle benefit from thiamin was measured.Dietary evaluation of outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
- In a one-time examination of 61 older adults in Yakutia, riboflavin deficiency was found in about a third, but riboflavin status was not linked to body composition, while higher serum retinol was linked to lower muscle mass.[Iodine and vitamin status, body composition in older persons living in Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)].
- In 60 institutionalized older adults followed for one year, vitamin B12 levels fell somewhat over the year, and B12 was linked to thinking ability, but no improvement in muscle strength from B12 was reported.Health Risk, Functional Markers and Cognitive Status in Institutionalized Older Adults: A Longitudinal Study.
- In 58 geriatric outpatients, higher folate intake was associated with higher muscle mass and strength before correction for multiple testing, but this did not remain statistically significant after correction.Nutrient Intake and Muscle Measures in Geriatric Outpatients.
- In 53 Chinese men and women aged 18 to 35, calcium intake was similar across age and sex groups, and the study found only correlations between bone, body composition, and muscle strength, with no intervention tested.Muscle-Bone Interactions in Chinese Men and Women Aged 18-35 Years.
- In a historical cohort of 45 people with late-onset lipid storage myopathy, riboflavin produced a significant improvement in muscle strength after one month and more full recoveries than glucocorticoid treatment, and the authors suggest longer riboflavin treatment may be needed.A Historical Cohort Study on the Efficacy of Glucocorticoids and Riboflavin Among Patients with Late-onset Multiple Acyl…
- In 40 young men, higher vitamin A intake was linked to lower cortisol levels, but the study did not measure muscle building outcomes.Effects of Lifestyle, Diet, and Body Composition on Free Testosterone and Cortisol Levels in Young Men.
- In 40 Irish dancers, female dancers' average iodine intake from 4-day food diaries was below UK reference values, but body composition did not correlate with the intake of any nutrient, iodine included.Dietary Intake, Body Composition, and Nutrition Knowledge of Irish Dancers.
- In a cross-sectional study of 40 older hip fracture patients, average selenium intake fell below recommended levels, and 10% had sarcopenia, but the study did not test selenium's effect on muscle.Hip Fracture Patients in Geriatric Rehabilitation Show Poor Nutritional Status, Dietary Intake and Muscle Health.
- In 37 hospitalized patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis, median thiamin intake was judged insufficient, but the study did not measure any effect of thiamin on muscle.Nutritional assessment and adequacy of dietary intake in hospitalized patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis.
- In 26 obese adults on an unsupplemented 1000-calorie diet for an average of 15 weeks, blood pyridoxine (vitamin B6) stayed in the normal range and arm muscle mass was maintained.Time-calorie displacement diet for weight control: a prospective evaluation of its adequacy for maintaining normal nutri…
- In young women three years after anorexia treatment, serum vitamin A levels were on average adequate, while about a quarter had subnormal skeletal muscle mass; the study did not test vitamin A for muscle gain.Dietary intake and nutritional status in adolescents and young adults with anorexia nervosa: A 3-year follow-up study.
- In a cross-sectional study of older adults in nursing homes, vitamin C intake adequacy differed by frailty status, but the study did not show that vitamin C improved muscle.Associations Between Frailty, Sarcopenia, and Nutritional Status in Older Adults Living in Nursing Homes.
- In a large national survey of U.S. adults, higher dietary vitamin K intake was linked to greater skeletal muscle mass in men but not women, and to handgrip strength up to a moderate intake level.Dietary vitamin K intake in relation to skeletal muscle mass and strength among adults: a cross-sectional study based on…
- Thiamine deficiency was found in about half of chronic alcoholics, but it was no more common in those with atrophied thigh muscle fibres than in those without.Nutritional status in alcoholics with and without chronic skeletal muscle myopathy.
- In a two-year post-hoc analysis of patients with knee osteoarthritis, higher folate intake was associated with better leg muscle strength; this shows an association from dietary intake, not a supplement trial result.Associations between folate intake and knee pain, inflammation mediators and comorbid conditions in patients with sympto…
- In elite male basketball, handball and volleyball players, higher magnesium intake from diet was linked with better trunk, grip, jumping and leg strength test scores.Magnesium intake is associated with strength performance in elite basketball, handball and volleyball players.
- In 80 patients with Graves' disease, radioactive iodine treatment was followed over 3 months, and lean mass fell in patients whose hyperthyroidism worsened while it rose in those who became euthyroid or hypothyroid; this treatment is not an iodine supplement.Redistribution of body composition in patients with Graves' disease after iodine-131 treatment.
- In 58 children and young adults with combined methylmalonic acidemia and homocystinuria, a treatment combining vitamin B6 with vitamin B12, betaine, folic acid and carnitine improved muscle strength and tone, though most survivors still had neurological problems.[Outcomes of patients with combined methylmalonic acidemia and homocystinuria after treatment].
- In 16 boys with muscular dystrophy treated for one year with selenium and vitamin E, no boy gained any usable muscle strength, and the decline in strength was about the same as expected from growing older.A trial of selenium and vitamin E in boys with muscular dystrophy.
- In a retrospective review of 10 people with a riboflavin-responsive muscle disorder, high-dose riboflavin at 400 mg daily produced rapid muscle strength gains in all of them, though nerve symptoms did not improve.Diagnostic Challenges in Late Onset Multiple Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency: Clinical, Morphological, and Genetic Asp…
- Six volunteers training intensely in a hot climate on a daily potassium intake of 100 mEq ended up with a mean potassium deficit of 517 mEq, mostly from sweating, while lean body mass rose.Pathophysiology of intense physical conditioning in a hot climate. I. Mechanisms of potassium depletion.
- In six children and young adults with a riboflavin transporter disorder, 1000 mg of riboflavin daily for 12 months partly normalized nerve excitability and maintained muscle strength, without improving strength.Pathophysiology of motor dysfunction in a childhood motor neuron disease caused by mutations in the riboflavin transport…
- In a case series of 5 bariatric surgery patients with nerve damage and muscle weakness after severe vomiting, high-dose vitamin B1 together with diet repair and physical therapy led all patients to recover without lasting problems.A cluster of polyneuropathy and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome in a bariatric unit.
- In mice, oral nicotinamide with pyridoxine sped up muscle repair and increased strength during recovery and in aging, and blood levels of these nutrients were linked to muscle mass and walking speed in a cohort of older people.Nicotinamide and pyridoxine stimulate muscle stem cell expansion and enhance regenerative capacity during aging.
- Nicotinic acid produced by a gut bacterium restored muscle NAD levels, increased muscle mass and function, and promoted mitochondrial activity in aged mice, and related muscle measures in people with sarcopenia.Bifidobacterium adolescentis-derived nicotinic acid improves host skeletal muscle mitochondrial function to ameliorate s…
- In mouse models of muscle wasting, selenium delivered by nanoparticles eased sarcopenia better than free selenocysteine, and low serum selenium was correlated with weaker muscle function in older patients.Maintaining myoprotein and redox homeostasis via an orally recharged nanoparticulate supplement potentiates sarcopenia t…
- In a lab study, chromium tripicolinate increased glucose uptake by muscle cells in culture, and the abstract says dietary chromium tripicolinate increased lean body mass development in humans, though no human details are given.Composition and biological activity of chromium-pyridine carboxylate complexes.
Review Totals and Summary
Members Only16,409 reviews · 88% positive
This summary draws on a limited sample: the Walmart and iHerb review pages and the Amazon listing. I did not read every review. Customers mostly praise the taste. They describe the chocolate as rich and pleasant, not chalky, and many say it works as a dessert-like shake. Mixing gets nearly as much praise. Reviewers say it blends smoothly with water, milk or in a blender, and that it leaves little clumping or grit. Many also say it sits lightly on the stomach. People who normally get bloating or heaviness from other proteins say this one is easier to tolerate, which they link to the whey isolate and low lactose content. Buyers value the nutrition profile. They like the high protein per scoop together with low carbs and low fat, and they say it fits low-carb eating, weight management and post-workout recovery. Some compare it favorably with cheaper concentrate-based powders. One reviewer who wanted a neutral taste bought an unflavored version and was happy with it, which shows that flavor choice matters to this group. The complaints are less common but fairly consistent. The first is packaging and seal problems. Some reviewers, particularly on third-party marketplace orders, received tubs with no outer or inner safety seal. They worried about tampering and were reluctant to use the product. Another buyer found the bag format inconvenient and wished it came in a rigid container. The second complaint is price. Isopure costs more than many whey powders, so some buyers call it good but expensive and wait for sales or buy in bulk. The third is taste. A minority find the flavor not to their liking, or too sweet or artificial, and a few say it does not suit them. A few buyers also say a listing was misrepresented, or that the seller behaved badly. Those comments are about the seller rather than the powder. Overall, satisfied customers describe a clean, smooth and good-tasting isolate they would repurchase. The unhappy ones focus on seller reliability, seal integrity and cost, with only occasional objections to the flavor.
Biohacker Summary
Members Only10 of 10 recommend it
The product lists several vitamins as main ingredients, and the panel is mostly positive on them. Vitamin C drew the most support: three of the panel recommend it, mainly for skin and for joint and connective tissue health, and they suggest taking it with collagen, with one advising about an hour before a workout. Vitamin K got two users, who each take 90 micrograms of the K2 form in the morning for general health and longevity, while one other panelist recommends getting K2 from foods and another stayed neutral. Vitamin A and vitamin E drew only neutral comments, with one person each on vitamin E and two on vitamin A, and none gave a dose or a caution. Magnesium, a smaller ingredient in this product, came up often, with sleep as the main reason people take it, though one panelist warned that supplement labels can make the dose look larger than it is.
See all 10 biohackers →Hide the biohackers
Dr. Eric Berg · Vitamin K · recommends
- Discusses foods that contain Vitamin K2.
- Recommends ensuring sufficient zinc intake because the prostate needs enough zinc for the conversion from testosterone to DHT to be smooth and optimized.
- Dr. Eric Berg states that magnesium supports energy, muscle function, and sleep, and that most of it is stored inside cells, making deficiencies harder to detect with a standard blood test.
- Identifies iron as the Achilles' heel of cancer, as it is needed for its DNA to replicate.
- States that people need more potassium than any other mineral, yet most people aren’t getting enough.
- Notes that magnesium could also be a factor in preventing muscle cramps.
- Explains that potassium is essential for peristalsis, the pumping action through the colon, and without it, things can sit there, leading to constipation.
- Mentions that lemon is loaded with vitamin C, and when combined with coffee, vitamin C significantly increases the bioavailability of antioxidants in the coffee.
- Recommends taking 40 to 45 milligrams of vitamin K2 daily for osteoporosis, citing a study from Japan with great results.
- Dr. Berg states that Vitamin C helps fight biofilms and is essential for making collagen in gums, teeth, and capillaries.
- Recommends magnesium, specifically magnesium glycinate, stating it is key for D3 and K2 to work and is probably more important than calcium for building bone.
- Recommends increasing magnesium to restore balance and support healthy blood pressure.
- Explains that the normal requirements for potassium are 4,700 mg every single day, and that very few people get half of that amount. They describe potassium's role in the sodium potassium pump, which is essential for cellular electricity, muscle contraction, and heart function. Deficiency can lead to tiredness, muscle cramps, heart palpitations, or rising blood pressure.
- Recommends increasing potassium to restore balance and support healthy blood pressure.
Ben Greenfield · Vitamin E · neutral
- Mentions a recent study showing no significant increase in bleeding for patients on Vitamin E supplementation during open heart surgery, which was interesting for him to learn.
- States that vitamin C is extremely important for collagen turnover and cites orthopedic data showing that 500 mg to 1 g of vitamin C can reduce the rate of complex regional pain in total knee replacements and wrist fractures.
- Mentions that overshooting zinc can lead to a copper deficiency, highlighting the interplay between these elements.
- Uses magnesium during surgery because it is neuroprotective.
- Ben Greenfield's formulation includes 30 grams of zinc a day, taken for one week before surgery and two weeks after, as it is an important cofactor for wound healing.
- Says he is drinking LMNT, which contains sodium, potassium, and magnesium, and states that he actually drinks this stuff.
- Says he is drinking LMNT, which contains sodium, potassium, and magnesium, and states that he actually drinks this stuff.
- Notes that Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that supports healthy skin cell turnover.
- Mentions vitamin C as part of a bare-minimum protocol.
- Discusses vitamin K2, specifically the menaquinone forms, as crucial for arterial health and notes that it breaks down into MK-4 and MK-7.
- Explains that gut bacteria liberate K from the diet or make the K needed, and that poor absorption of vitamin K due to bacterial imbalances is linked to heart disease.
- Mentions magnesium as part of a bare-minimum protocol.
- Advises getting red blood cell magnesium levels to the high end of the range as a minimum step for overall health and to slow down heart disease.
- Recommends taking sufficient iodine to ensure free T3 levels are right, which is important for the reverse calcium transport system.
Siim Land · Vitamin C · recommends
- Recommends taking vitamin C with collagen to support joint collagen synthesis.
- States that Magnesium can be a useful addition for some people for sleep.
- States that vitamin C is needed for initiating collagen synthesis and that higher vitamin C intake appears to increase vitamin C content in the skin.
- Mentions that iron is a mineral necessary for making collagen.
- Mentions that copper is a mineral necessary for making collagen.
- Recommends magnesium for sleep, especially deep sleep, and suggests trying better types like Threonate, Biscinate, or Torate, referencing a study where magnesium supplementation improved deep sleep.
- Notes that Vitamin K2 helps activate proteins involved in bone mineralization and calcium regulation.
- Mentions that prunes contain vitamin K, which is a factor in their ability to help with bone density.
- Recommends Vitamin K2 for bone health and calcium metabolism, based primarily on human research, especially randomized controlled trials showing measurable benefits.
- Recommends Magnesium for blood pressure, migraines and deficiency, based primarily on human research, especially randomized controlled trials showing measurable benefits.
- Lists Vitamin K2 as one of 15 supplements backed by human studies.
- Lists Magnesium as one of 15 supplements backed by human studies.
- Lists sauerkraut and fruit as sources of Vitamin C.
- Lists leafy greens as a source of Vitamin K1.
Thomas DeLauer · Vitamin C · recommends
- Recommends taking vitamin C along with collagen about an hour before a workout for connective tissue benefits.
- Uses Element's cans which contain 30 milligram magnesium, finding that electrolytes help his workout performance.
- Uses Element's cans which contain 100 milligram potassium, finding that electrolytes help his workout performance.
- Uses Element's 30 mg magnesium cans first thing in the morning to prime his day and help with workout performance.
- Uses Element's 100 mg potassium cans first thing in the morning to prime his day and help with workout performance.
- Uses vitamin C as part of their immunity duo, stating it is important for boosting the immune system, especially during cold and flu season.
- Recommends magnesium around the time one would normally break a fast to calm the brain and dull feelings of conditioned hunger.
- Adds zinc to their immunity duo because it helps them absorb vitamin C, considering the two together a fantastic combination for fall and winter.
- Recommends Vitamin B12 for mental health and mood, explaining its role in myelination and neurotransmitter production. They specifically recommend a liposomal and micellar form of methylcobalamin B12 for better absorption and to avoid toxicity.
- Recommends magnesium, noting it is a cofactor for enzymes that build neurotransmitters, and deficiency can affect mood, happiness, and motivation.
- Recommends zinc, noting it is a cofactor for enzymes that build neurotransmitters, and deficiency can affect mood, happiness, and motivation.
- Notes that modern agricultural practices have led to soils depleted of trace minerals like magnesium, resulting in widespread magnesium deficiency.
- Recommends consuming vitamin C to aid in NADPH recycling, which is necessary for glutathione to be reused after neutralizing oxidative stress.
- Recommends adding selenium to the diet, found in Brazil nuts (two or three a day), eggs, shellfish, and mushrooms, as the glutathione recycling process is very selenium dependent and it helps protect against feroptosis.
Dave Asprey · Vitamin C · recommends
- Recommends taking vitamin C for better skin health.
- Mentions magnesium in the context of sleep but states that it doesn't address the core issue of waking up during the night.
- Suggests that magnesium may help slow aging, support cellular repair, and improve sleep.
- States that magnesium can affect how the body responds to a supplement.
- States that folate can affect how the body responds to a supplement.
- States that currently, he is only taking vitamin C and vitamin D.
- Dave Asprey's kids get a little bit of vitamin E every day, which helps to stabilize the bad oils they get when eating at restaurants.
- Recommends taking vitamin K2 with vitamin D to keep calcium in the bones, and suggests kids also take it for stronger bones.
- Recommends Vitamin K2, stating it supports healthy calcium metabolism.
- Developed a nonnano zinc sunscreen over five years, stating her skin is probably better now than it's ever been.
- Recommends fixing sleep with 300mg of Magnesium 101 before bed if diet and exercise aren't melting stubborn belly fat.
- Dave Asprey says his daily routine includes magnesium as part of a carefully developed combination for longevity.
- Recommends adding vitamin K2 to vitamin D supplementation.
- Recommends magnesium glycinate for sleep, stating that trials show it helps people fall asleep about 17 minutes faster and that he finds it incredibly effective.
Bryan Johnson · Vitamin K · uses
- Takes 90 mcg of Vitamin K2 in the morning for general health.
- Takes 400 mg of Magnesium Threonate before bed for sleep.
- Takes 400 mg of Magnesium L-Threonate before bed for sleep.
- Has had low iron for 11 years and despite eating meat and trying all forms of iron supplementation at different times and sequences, none of it worked to raise his iron or ferritin levels.
- Had low iron for 11 years, with ferritin averaging 38 ng/mL, and has finally boosted it back to healthy levels.
- Takes 100 mcg of Vitamin K2 in the morning for longevity.
- Takes 400 mg of Magnesium Threonate before bed for sleep.
- Takes 15 mg of Zinc in the morning for longevity.
- He takes 100 mcg of Vitamin K2 in the morning for general health.
- He takes 400 mg of Double Wood Magnesium L-Threonate before bed for sleep.
- Takes 400 mg of Magnesium L-Threonate before bed for sleep.
- Takes 100 mcg of Vitamin K2 in the morning for longevity.
- Takes 400 mg of Magnesium Threonate before bed for sleep.
- Takes 90 mcg of Vitamin K2 in the morning.
Dr. Mark Hyman · Vitamin A · neutral
- Mentions that vitamin A levels can be looked at to get a deep sense of what's happening with nutrient levels.
- Recommends considering magnesium glycinate before bed for nervous system support, deeper sleep quality, and to help the body transition into rest, and states that they take it every night.
- Recommends Magnesium Breakthrough Advanced 10 from Bioptimizers for restful sleep, muscle recovery, stress resilience, and metabolic health, especially during stressful times of the year.
- Mentions iron as an existing biomarker that plays a role in mental health, which Function Health includes in their measurements.
- Notes that taking folate can lower homocysteine levels, which has shown health benefits and physical improvements in brain scans in clinical trials.
- Notes that some people may need a little bit extra folate with a supplement.
- Warns that potassium bromate, a dough conditioner banned in the EU, UK, and Canada, is still allowed in U.S. bread.
- Recommends magnesium because it is involved in over 600 reactions in the body and up to 80% of people may have low levels that never get flagged on a standard blood test.
- Recommends vitamin C as a basic supplement during detoxification to help with inflammation and detoxification.
- Recommends magnesium as a basic supplement during detoxification to support pathways, help with constipation, and provide electrolytes.
- Dr. Hyman mentions vitamin C as an advanced therapy for skin repair.
- Mentions topical vitamin C as an antioxidant that can help skin with aging.
- Recommends Magnesium Breakthrough Advanced 10 from Biooptimizers, which contains 10 bioavailable forms and 550 mg of elemental magnesium, to support restful sleep, restorative sleep, muscle recovery, stress resilience, and metabolic health.
- Gave a patient with psoriatic arthritis a little zinc, which contributed to significant improvement in her condition.
Dr. Rhonda Patrick · Vitamin K · neutral
- Lutein and zeaxanthin can also be obtained from certain multivitamins.
- Magnesium supplementation has lowered blood pressure in randomized controlled trials. An analysis of 34 trials involving over 2,000 participants found modest reductions in both systolic and diastolic pressure, with a median dose of 368 mg/day.
- Warns that some magnesium supplements make the dose look much larger than it really is and that labels can fool people.
- Mentions magnesium as an important nutrient component for testosterone.
- Notes that not getting enough zinc can affect testosterone, as zinc is very important for testosterone synthesis.
- Warns that some supplement companies mislead consumers by listing the total compound weight of magnesium citrate as the elemental magnesium dose, when the actual elemental magnesium content is much lower, potentially around 44-66 milligrams.
- Recommends men take a 30 milligram zinc supplement for sperm health when preparing for IVF.
- Recommends ensuring adequate methyl folate intake, ideally through a prenatal vitamin, for women preparing for IVF.
- States there is not yet strong, consistent evidence that magnesium supplementation reliably improves sleep, noting that while some meta-analyses suggest it can improve sleep quality scores, sleep efficiency, and sleep duration, individual studies are inconsistent and several have found no meaningful effect.
- Lutein and zeaxanthin can also be obtained from certain multivitamins.
- Lutein and zeaxanthin can also be obtained from certain multivitamins.
- Lutein and zeaxanthin can also be obtained from certain multivitamins.
- Discusses findings from a meta-analysis on zinc supplementation, noting it improved insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress in people with diabetes or prediabetes, and explains its biological role in the pancreas.
- States that magnesium may help modestly lower blood pressure by playing an important role in regulating vascular tone and influencing calcium signaling, with studies showing a reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 2 mmHg at a dose of around 370 mg/day for about 3 months.
Andrew Huberman · Vitamin K · uses
- Takes 90 mcg of Vitamin K2 in the morning for longevity.
- Zinc carnosine to support and improve the lining of your gut.
- Notes that AG1 Pro contains zinc carnosine to support and improve the lining of the gut.
- Discusses Magnesium Threonate as a tool for falling asleep.
- States that AG1 Pro contains zinc carnosine to support and improve the lining of the gut.
- Uses AG1 Pro, which contains zinc carnosine to support and improve the lining of the gut.
- States that AG1 Pro contains zinc carnosine to support and improve the lining of the gut, and he was already taking some of these ingredients separately.
- States that AG1 Pro includes zinc carnosine, which he was already taking separately, to support and improve the lining of the gut.
- Personally takes zinc carnosine, which is included in AG1 Pro to support and improve the lining of the gut.
- AG1 Pro has zinc carnosine to support and improve the lining of your gut. Some of these ingredients I personally was already taking separate from the AG1 formula.
- States that AG1 Pro contains zinc carnosine to support and improve the lining of your gut.
- Uses AG1 Pro, which contains zinc carnosine to support and improve the lining of the gut.
- Takes 400 mg of Magnesium Threonate before bed for sleep.
- Uses Element, an electrolyte drink with sodium, magnesium, and potassium in correct ratios and no sugar, to ensure adequate hydration and electrolytes, especially when starting days fast or during physical exercise.
Peter Attia · Vitamin A · neutral
- Notes that in mouse studies, there was a combined effect of alpha ketoglutarate with vitamin A for male mice.
- States there is some evidence that increasing dietary potassium through potassium-rich foods like bananas and potatoes, rather than supplements, can lower blood pressure.
- Peter reviews the evidence for select off-label medications and supplements commonly used for sleep, including glycine, magnesium, ashwagandha, and phosphatidylserine.
- Suggests that zinc and magnesium could potentially help with vasodilation and sleep, particularly for women experiencing severe symptoms in the luteal phase.
- Suggests that zinc and magnesium could potentially help with vasodilation and sleep, particularly for women experiencing severe symptoms in the luteal phase.
- Discusses the dangers of supplementing with high levels of iodine.
- Warns that high-dose iodine supplementation carries a risk of autoimmune thyroid disease, citing increased incidence in Japan due to higher dietary iodine intake.
- Notes that several studies show patients taking selenium can reduce TPO levels and prolong the honeymoon period of Hashimoto's disease.
- Peter discusses electrolytes and fiber and the ketogenic diet, specifically preventing magnesium loss.
- In mouse studies, Peter Attia's team found a combined effect of AKG with Vitamin A for male mice.
- Recommends magnesium as one of the 'big three' micronutrients for bone health, suggesting a daily intake of 300 to 500 milligrams as a minimum, and personally aims for about a gram of supplemental magnesium.
- Recommends calcium as one of the 'big three' micronutrients for bone health, suggesting a daily intake of 1,000 to 1,200 milligrams, which can be supplemented with calcium carbonate or calcium citrate.
- Recommends magnesium for optimizing bone mineral density, suggesting a daily intake of 300 to 500 milligrams as a minimum, but personally aims for about a gram.
- Explains that bone is 50 to 70% mineral, predominantly calcium, and that virtually all of the body's calcium is contained within bone, making bone important for calcium homeostasis.
RAL Summary
Members OnlyTier 4 for Muscle and Strength
The tier rests on vitamin A, a trace nutrient whose only positive trial used a blend with omega fatty acids and vitamin E, and the chloride findings come from chromium chloride, while the main ingredient, whey protein isolate, has no study findings given. So it is graded Tier 4, lower than the rules alone gave.
Take 2 servings a day to match the dose that worked in the studies.
- Emerging: not enough evidence to rank higher yet.
Where the evidence disagrees: 122 of the 233 human studies found no effect.
More Details
Members OnlyBody systems · Combine with · Possible side effects
Body systems: Musculoskeletal system, Digestive system
Combine with: Isopure Low Carb is a whey protein isolate that supplies fast-digesting, leucine-rich complete protein, which supports muscle protein synthesis and recovery when paired with resistance training. To strengthen results, stack it with creatine monohydrate (3-5 g daily) to improve strength, power, and lean mass gains. Add a source of carbohydrates post-workout, since this product is low carb, to replenish glycogen and boost the insulin response that helps shuttle amino acids into muscle. Extra leucine or EAAs can further trigger protein synthesis between meals. Vitamin D3 and magnesium support muscle function, testosterone status, and recovery, while omega-3 fish oil may reduce exercise-related inflammation and improve anabolic sensitivity. A casein protein or whole-food protein meal before bed can supply a slower amino acid release overnight. Make sure total daily protein intake (about 1.6-2.2 g/kg body weight) and calories are adequate.
Possible side effects: No major side effects reported.
Supplement Facts
Total Carbohydrates 1 g · Calcium 350 mg · Iron 0.7 mg
| Calories | 110 | |
| Total Fat | 0.5 g | |
| Cholesterol | 10 mg | |
| Sodium | 200 mg | |
| Total Carbohydrates | 1 g | |
| Protein | 25 g | |
| Calcium | 350 mg | |
| Iron | 0.7 mg | |
| Potassium | 470 mg | |
| Vitamin A | 380 mcg | |
| Vitamin C | 15 mg | |
| Vitamin E | 5 mg | |
| Vitamin K | 20 mcg | |
| Thiamine | 0.3 mg | |
| Riboflavin | 0.4 mg | |
| Niacin | 5 mg | |
| Vitamin B6 | 0.5 mg | |
| Folate | 160 mcg DFE | |
| Vitamin B12 | 2.8 mcg | |
| Biotin | 75 mcg | |
| Pantothenic Acid | 2.5 mg | |
| Phosphorus | 280 mg | |
| Iodine | 38 mcg | |
| Magnesium | 100 mg | |
| Zinc | 4.2 mg | |
| Selenium | 17 mcg | |
| Copper | 0.6 mg | |
| Manganese | 0.5 mg | |
| Chromium | 33 mcg | |
| Molybdenum | 20 mcg | |
| Chloride | 350 mg |
Other ingredients: Whey Protein isolate, Cocoa, Vitamin and Mineral Blend, Soy Lecithin, L-Glutamine, Xanthan Gum, Natural and Artificial flavor, Sucralose.
Directions: Directions: For a rich, thick shake, mix 1 scoop with 6-8 fl oz of water in a shaker or blender. If a shaker or blender is not convenient, Isopure Zero Carb can be stirred into solution with a spoon. Drink two servings daily. Suggested Use: For healthy adults, consume enough protein to meet your daily protein requirement with a combination of high protein foods and protein supplements throughout the day as part of a balanced diet and exercise program.
Barcode (UPC) 089094022952 · Label source: NIH label database · Report a label change
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Graded November 6, 2026 by the Reverse Age Lab evidence engine, from human studies, real reviews and our biohacker panel. How we grade. Is this medical advice? No. Rala organizes the published evidence; go over any change with your doctor, especially if you take meds.
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