Centrum Adults Review
Centrum Adults is a daily multivitamin supplement packed with essential nutrients to respond to your body's needs and nourish your health. The page states that its high-quality ingredients are backed by 40 years of nutritional science from the brand it calls the #1 multivitamin brand. The formula is described as containing 23 key micronutrients to support daily energy needs, support normal immune function, and assist in the body's metabolism of macronutrients. The product comes in a smooth-coated tablet and is described as verified non-GMO and gluten-free, with a footnote noting that non-GMO applies to Centrum and Centrum Silver tablets only and linking to the non-GMO standard page. The Product Benefits section groups the formula into several areas. Under Energy, the page lists B vitamins to help support daily energy needs. Under Metabolism, it lists B vitamins to aid in the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. Under Immune Health, it lists antioxidants such as vitamins C, E, and zinc, to help support normal immune function. Under General Wellness, it describes key essential nutrients important in supporting the whole body and meeting nutritional needs. The Vitamins and Minerals section names Vitamin A, described as a broad term for a group of related compounds best known for supporting eye health; Vitamin D, described as central to healthy bones and influencing cell growth and immune function; Pantothenic acid, a B vitamin that assists in generating energy from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins; Vitamin B6, which plays a role in supporting the nervous system and the production of immune system cells; Vitamin E, which functions as an antioxidant and supports heart and eye health; and Zinc, which helps support proteins in muscle tissue and cell membranes. The page links to a Supplement Facts panel on the Haleon website and to a coupon page. It advises use as directed and to read the label for complete information. Frequently asked questions state that multivitamins are intended to be used as part of an overall healthy lifestyle and can help fill dietary needs for recommended daily amounts of key vitamins and minerals, and that taking them as part of a healthy diet and exercise routine is advised. Another answer says Centrum offers a variety of multivitamins that are safe for lactose intolerant people, with a suggestion to consult a physician with questions. A further answer says Centrum Adults has the same formula and taste with redesigned packaging, and the page shows an image of previous packaging. The page also includes a product recommendation quiz for people unsure which Centrum product suits them, and lists related Centrum products including Centrum Men, Centrum Women, Centrum MultiGummies Adults, and Centrum Minis Adults 50+. A footnote states that the B vitamins support daily energy needs, that the product is not a replacement for meds, and that it is not intended to provide daily intake of lutein, so it should be taken with a diet rich in fruits and vegetables. The standard disclaimer states that the statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration and that the product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
Tier ⓘ
Tier 2
Tier 2 · Researched. Human studies show improvement in an aging-related function or a specific goal, and the reviews agree. Tiers run from 1, the strongest evidence, to 5. How we grade →
Evidence ⓘ
85 /100
How strongly the evidence says this product works: human studies count most, then real reviews, then our biohacker panel.
Positive Reviews
92% of 2,990
Biohacker Mentions
9 of 10
Cost per month
$8 at 2 servings
Study, Trial or Testing Result Summary
Members Only329 human studies · 138 improved
38 of these 329 human studies gave the ingredient by drip, injection or inhaler, not by mouth.
329 human studies138 improved151 no effect224,111 people studied
At the two-tablet daily amount members are told to take, iron is the best-supported ingredient for energy. In people low in iron, iron eased tiredness in pooled reviews [1][2], and 80 milligrams daily for 12 weeks cut fatigue in women with low iron stores [3]. The benefit disappeared when people with normal iron were included [2]. Vitamin D also eased tiredness, mainly in people low in it [4][5], and 2,000 units daily lowered fatigue in active men [6]. A very large trial in older women found no change in energy [7]. Oral magnesium reduced fatigue in some small trials of people with health conditions [8][9], but other trials found no benefit [10]. Selenium helped tiredness most in people who ate little of it [11]. Many ingredients here are well below the doses studied, including vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin B6, thiamine and calcium. A large six-year trial of a low-dose antioxidant capsule found no change in vitality [12], and a multinutrient mix did not ease fatigue in dialysis patients [13]. Animal and cell studies are never counted.
See all 329 studies →Hide the studies
- A review of 32 studies of phone apps for osteoporosis self-management found no clear effect on fatigue or on calcium intake; this was not a test of calcium supplements.Digital Health Technologies for Long-term Self-management of Osteoporosis: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
- Across 16 trials with 6276 people, B12 with or without folic acid and B6 did not improve thinking or depression, and only one trial looked at fatigue so it could not be analyzed.Effects of Vitamin B12 Supplementation on Cognitive Function, Depressive Symptoms, and Fatigue: A Systematic Review, Met…
- Across 33 trials of 4558 women with anaemia after childbirth, intravenous iron probably reduced fatigue slightly within 8 to 28 days compared with oral iron, though most evidence was low or very low certainty.Treatment for women with postpartum iron deficiency anaemia.
- In 20 trials of 4196 women with anaemia after childbirth, intravenous iron reduced fatigue more than oral iron, and also raised haemoglobin and ferritin, with low to moderate quality evidence.Intravenous iron versus blood transfusion for postpartum anemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- In 21 trials of 3177 adults with lupus, vitamin D lowered disease activity scores compared with placebo; twelve studies reported benefits including less fatigue, while nine found no significant effect.A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Vitamin D on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
- Across 27 studies of 1,599 adults, NAD+ precursors did not improve perceived fatigue or sleep, but nicotinamide mononucleotide improved endurance and NADH improved cognitive performance.Domain-specific effects of NAD+ precursors on fatigue and functional performance: a systematic review and network meta-a…
- In 18 studies of 1408 children, teens and menstruating adults without anaemia, iron supplementation reduced fatigue and improved anxiety, well-being and memory in placebo-controlled trials, but the effects were absent when people without iron deficiency were included.Psychiatric and cognitive outcomes of iron supplementation in non-anemic children, adolescents, and menstruating adults:…
- In 18 trials of 1170 iron-deficient adults without anaemia, iron reduced self-reported fatigue but did not improve measured physical capacity such as oxygen uptake.Efficacy of iron supplementation on fatigue and physical capacity in non-anaemic iron-deficient adults: a systematic rev…
- In 11 trials of 1074 adults with iron deficiency but no anaemia, intravenous iron slightly raised haemoglobin, but the evidence for fatigue and oxygen uptake was very low quality and too uncertain to show benefit.Intravenous iron therapy for non-anaemic, iron-deficient adults.
- In two placebo-controlled trials of 404 adults with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A, ascorbic acid at two doses over 12 to 24 months had little meaningful effect on fatigue.Interventions for fatigue in peripheral neuropathy.
- In five trials of 345 people with multiple sclerosis, vitamin D reduced fatigue slightly more than control.Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
- A review of studies in people with chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia found lower blood vitamin E than in healthy people (not in high-quality studies), and supplement trials did not improve symptoms.Vitamin and mineral status in chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
- In four placebo-controlled trials of people with iron deficiency anaemia, intravenous ferumoxytol improved fatigue scores and haemoglobin without raising adverse events.The Efficacy of Ferumoxytol for Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
- Across 51 trials in people with rheumatoid arthritis, a group of supplements including zinc sulfate modestly improved disease activity scores, but fatigue and energy were not reported separately for zinc.Non-pharmacological interventions in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
- A review of 26 trials in 3,273 people with chronic fatigue syndrome found most supplements did not help, but magnesium and NADH showed benefit, though the trials were small and at high risk of bias.Complementary and alternative medicine for patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: a systematic review.
- In a review of 23 studies of 1230 cancer patients, zinc had no effect on fatigue, quality of life, weight or survival.Zinc as a complementary treatment for cancer patients: a systematic review.
- A review of 14 small, high-risk-of-bias studies (809 people with chronic fatigue syndrome) found some supplements, including a CoQ10-selenium combination, reduced fatigue, but flaws in the studies prevent firm conclusions.Dietary Supplementation for Fatigue Symptoms in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS)-A Systematic…
- Across nine studies of 720 people, three of four controlled trials found intravenous vitamin C lowered fatigue scores more than control, and four of five uncontrolled studies saw fatigue fall.Feasibility of Vitamin C in the Treatment of Post Viral Fatigue with Focus on Long COVID, Based on a Systematic Review o…
- In 10 trials of 489 people, NADH was well tolerated and linked to better quality of life, less anxiety and lower heart rate after stress, but fatigue results were not clearly shown.Evaluation of safety and effectiveness of NAD in different clinical conditions: a systematic review.
- In a review of ten studies of 240 children and young people with rheumatic conditions, a placebo-controlled vitamin D study showed less fatigue, but overall evidence for reducing fatigue was insufficient and most studies had high risk of bias.Reducing fatigue in pediatric rheumatic conditions: a systematic review.
- In a review of 13 small trials with 85 people with McArdle disease, vitamin B6 gave no benefit for exercise performance.Pharmacological and nutritional treatment for McArdle disease (Glycogen Storage Disease type V).
- A review of 37 trials in people with multiple sclerosis reported that both trials of vitamin A found improvements in clinical or biological outcomes (such as fatigue) compared with control, but trials were small and few.The effect of emerging nutraceutical interventions for clinical and biological outcomes in multiple sclerosis: A systema…
- A review of 37 studies in cancer patients found intravenous vitamin C may ease fatigue and other symptoms, but the evidence is preliminary and mostly uncontrolled.Intravenous Vitamin C and Cancer: A Systematic Review.
- A review of supplements for football players said vitamin C may improve performance by lowering oxidative stress, but gave no numbers and called for more research.The efficacy of dietary supplements on health status and performance of football players: a systematic review.
- In a review of four lupus trials, three found vitamin D reduced disease activity and improved inflammatory markers, fatigue and blood vessel function, while one found no improvement in disease activity.Effect of vitamin D supplementation on patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review.
- In a review of six studies in people with multiple sclerosis, most found vitamin D improved mental health and quality of life, with fatigue assessed only as an additional outcome.Vitamin D Supplementation and Mental Health in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Systematic Review.
- In a review of 14 diet trials in lupus, vitamin D improved inflammatory markers but not disease activity in most studies, and fatigue improvement was reported only for a low glycaemic index diet.Diet and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): From Supplementation to Intervention.
- In a review of five studies of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy, vitamin D was described as safe and as easing side effects including fatigue, though the studies were too varied to compare.A Systematic Review of Vitamin D Supplementation in Oncology: Chance of Science or Effectiveness?
- A review of 14 reviews found oral niacin and nicotinamide can cause side effects including fatigue, stomach upset, flushing and liver problems, more often at higher doses and with niacin than nicotinamide.The adverse effects of oral niacin/nicotinamide - an overview of reviews.
- In a review of 24 studies of supplements in wrestlers, iron supplementation improved recovery and may improve exercise performance, though effects were often small and results mixed across supplements.Evidence-Based Supplementation Strategies for Wrestlers: A Systematic Review.
- A review of one randomized trial and two observational studies in adults with X-linked hypophosphatemia found that burosumab had little or no effect on fatigue over 24 weeks, and that evidence for conventional phosphate therapy was very uncertain.Systematic Review: Efficacy of Medical Therapy on Outcomes Important to Adult Patients With X-Linked Hypophosphatemia.
- A review of four diet trials in people with multiple sclerosis found that two diets providing enough folate and magnesium reduced fatigue, but firm conclusions were not possible.Is there an effect of dietary intake on MS-related fatigue? - A systematic literature review.
- A review of 38 articles found muscle symptoms including fatigue improved after selenium in 18 of 19 patients on tube or intravenous feeding or with poor absorption, but in low-selenium soil areas selenium and placebo worked similarly.Skeletal muscle disorders associated with selenium deficiency in humans.
- In 34,157 postmenopausal women given 400 IU vitamin D plus 1000 mg calcium daily or placebo for about 5.7 years, energy and fatigue did not differ between groups.Calcium and vitamin D supplementation do not influence menopause-related symptoms: Results of the Women's Health Initiat…
- In 8112 healthy French adults taking a daily antioxidant capsule (including 6 mg beta-carotene) for about 6 years, quality of life, including vitality, did not differ from placebo.Long-term antioxidant supplementation has no effect on health-related quality of life: the randomized, double-blind, pla…
- In 2501 heart disease or stroke survivors given low-dose B vitamins including 3 mg B6 for about 3 years, quality of life was not improved, and activity limits due to emotional problems were slightly worse.B vitamin and/or n-3 fatty acid supplementation and health-related quality of life: ancillary findings from the SU.FOL.O…
- In 1078 HIV-positive pregnant women in Tanzania, vitamin A had no effect on depression or quality of life including vitality, while a B-complex, C and E multivitamin did help.Multivitamin supplementation in HIV-positive pregnant women: impact on depression and quality of life in a resource-poor…
- In 812 adults with iron deficiency anaemia who could not use oral iron, intravenous ferumoxytol over 5 weeks improved fatigue scores more than placebo, and 81.1% reached the haemoglobin target versus 5.5% on placebo.Efficacy and safety of IV ferumoxytol for adults with iron deficiency anemia previously unresponsive to or unable to tol…
- In 697 adults with mild high blood pressure, a low-sodium, high-potassium diet with placebo for 6 months was linked to more fatigue (34%) than the usual diet (18%) or a weight loss diet (15%).Effect of antihypertensives on sexual function and quality of life: the TAIM Study.
- In adults aged 70 and older with low vitamin D and high fall risk, taking 1,000 IU or more of vitamin D3 daily for up to 24 months did not reduce frailty, including exhaustion, compared with 200 IU daily.The effects of vitamin D supplementation on frailty in older adults at risk for falls.
- In 443 older adults given selenium and coenzyme Q10 for 48 months, no overall change in quality of life was seen, but in a matched subgroup vitality and physical role declined less than with placebo.Improved Health-Related Quality of Life, and More Days out of Hospital with Supplementation with Selenium and Coenzyme Q…
- In 405 non-anemic blood donors with low iron stores, a single 800 mg iron infusion raised ferritin and hemoglobin but did not change fatigue scores compared with placebo at 6 to 8 weeks.The effects of intravenous iron supplementation on fatigue and general health in non-anemic blood donors with iron defic…
- In 399 anemic patients after a long intensive care stay, hepcidin-guided intravenous iron (1 g) did not shorten later hospital stay and the abstract reports no fatigue result, though 90-day deaths were lower (8% vs 16.6%).Impact of treating iron deficiency, diagnosed according to hepcidin quantification, on outcomes after a prolonged ICU st…
- In 374 people after thyroid cancer surgery, adding radioactive iodine-131 to a med improved quality-of-life scores, including vitality, more than a med alone, though this was a cancer treatment rather than an energy supplement and the dose and duration were not stated.Read the study on PubMed (39307136) →
- In an open-label randomized trial of 338 adults with iron deficiency anemia, high-dose intravenous iron raised hemoglobin faster than oral iron and improved fatigue scores more by 4 weeks, with similar side effect rates.[Comparison of the efficacy and safety between high-dose intravenous iron and oral iron in treating iron deficiency anem…
- In 326 people with long-lasting fatigue after an infection, 4 weeks of sulbutiamine (400 or 600 mg a day, a thiamine-related compound) did not reduce fatigue more than placebo overall; women on 600 mg had less fatigue at day 7 only, and it did not last.[Treatment of chronic postinfectious fatigue: randomized double-blind study of two doses of sulbutiamine (400-600 mg/day…
- In 322 healthy adults given high-dose monthly vitamin D3 or placebo for 18 months, reported earthquake-related problems, including fatigue, did not differ between groups.Effect of monthly vitamin D3 supplementation in healthy adults on adverse effects of earthquakes: randomised controlled …
- In 311 people on a med agonist therapy, a daily fruit smoothie for 16 weeks did not change fatigue symptoms, fitness or folate levels compared with standard treatment alone.Read the study on PubMed (40877839) →
- In 304 iron-deficient heart failure patients, intravenous iron for 52 weeks improved walking distance by 33 m at 24 weeks and improved fatigue score and quality of life compared with placebo.Beneficial effects of long-term intravenous iron therapy with ferric carboxymaltose in patients with symptomatic heart f…
- In 290 fatigued, iron-deficient women, a single 1000 mg iron infusion reduced fatigue in 65.3% versus 52.7% with placebo at 8 weeks, and improved mental quality of life and cognitive function.Evaluation of a single dose of ferric carboxymaltose in fatigued, iron-deficient women--PREFER a randomized, placebo-con…
- In 275 adults with early COVID-19 given a 10-day combination that included vitamin C, less fatigue at day 14 was seen only when famotidine was added, not with the vitamin C combination alone.Read the study on PubMed (41693032) →
- In 271 adults with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A, 1.5 g of ascorbic acid daily for 2 years did not differ from placebo on neuropathy or on secondary outcomes including fatigue.Ascorbic acid in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT-TRIAAL and CMT-TRAUK): a double-blind randomised trial.
- In 236 women with breast cancer, both groups took 300 IU vitamin E daily for 24 weeks, and adding coenzyme Q10 did not reduce fatigue compared with placebo.A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of oral coenzyme Q10 to relieve self-reported treatment-related fat…
- In 227 breast cancer survivors over 12 months of a program combining a Mediterranean diet, exercise and vitamin D, fatigue fell significantly, but the program was not tested with vitamin D alone and the dose was not reported.Quality of Life in Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer after a 12-Month Treatment of Lifestyle Modifications.
- In 215 working men aged 30 to 55, a high-dose B vitamin, vitamin C and mineral supplement for 33 days improved vigour, stress and mental health ratings and made them feel less mentally tired than placebo.Effects of high-dose B vitamin complex with vitamin C and minerals on subjective mood and performance in healthy males.
- In 202 hemodialysis patients, a multinutrient supplement containing vitamin C for 12 weeks did not reduce fatigue compared with placebo, though some heart rate variability measures improved.Effects of nutritional supplementation on fatigue, and autonomic and immune dysfunction in patients with end-stage renal…
- In 198 nonanemic menstruating women with low ferritin and fatigue, 80 milligrams of elemental iron daily for 12 weeks reduced fatigue more than placebo, though quality of life did not change.Effect of iron supplementation on fatigue in nonanemic menstruating women with low ferritin: a randomized controlled tri…
- In 192 vitamin D-deficient premenopausal women given vitamin D or placebo for 12 months, vitality scores and mental component scores were slightly but significantly better with vitamin D, while heart and metabolic risk factors did not change.Effect of vitamin D supplementation on cardiometabolic risks and health-related quality of life among urban premenopausa…
- In 182 outpatients with COVID-19, 25,000 IU of vitamin A daily for 10 days added to standard treatment reduced symptoms including weakness and fatigue more than standard treatment alone.Evaluation and comparison of vitamin A supplementation with standard therapies in the treatment of patients with COVID-1…
- In 176 iron-deficient blood donors, intravenous or oral iron over 8 to 12 weeks significantly reduced fatigue and improved sleep, with no difference between the two forms.The Effect of Parenteral or Oral Iron Supplementation on Fatigue, Sleep, Quality of Life and Restless Legs Syndrome in I…
- In 171 young adults, two extra daily servings of fresh fruit and vegetables for 14 days improved vitality and motivation, but blood vitamin C did not explain these benefits.Let them eat fruit! The effect of fruit and vegetable consumption on psychological well-being in young adults: A randomi…
- In 171 adults with mild insomnia, a blend including vitamin B6 for 2 weeks did not differ from placebo on sleep or physical fatigue, as both groups improved similarly.Exploring the Effect of Lactium™ and Zizyphus Complex on Sleep Quality: A Double-Blind, Randomized Placebo-Controlled Tr…
- In 167 young adults with low vitamin C, a 250 mg vitamin C tablet daily for 4 weeks improved well-being after two weeks, and also mood and fatigue in those with consistently low vitamin C, while placebo showed no change; kiwifruit gave somewhat stronger effects.KiwiC for Vitality: Results of a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial Testing the Effects of Kiwifruit or Vitamin C Table…
- In 160 heart bypass surgery patients, vitamin C plus omega-3 fatty acids given from the day before surgery through the first 5 days after reduced post-operative fatigue more than placebo.The combined effect of vitamin C and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on fatigue following coronary artery bypass gra…
- In 160 women with breast cancer taking letterozole, 30,000 IU of vitamin D3 weekly for 24 weeks did not significantly reduce joint symptom worsening on the main measure (37% vs 51%), and the abstract does not report a fatigue result.Randomized trial of vitamin D3 to prevent worsening of musculoskeletal symptoms in women with breast cancer receiving ad…
- In 160 heart disease patients over about 38 months, niacin plus a med caused fatigue, nausea or muscle aches in 9% versus 5% on placebo, not a significant difference.Read the study on PubMed (14759379) →
- In 158 people with multiple sclerosis and significant fatigue, 1 mcg of alfacalcidol daily for six months reduced fatigue scores more than placebo (41.6% vs 27.4% decrease).Effect of Alfacalcidol on multiple sclerosis-related fatigue: A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study.
- In men aged 70 and older with low testosterone and mobility problems, a combined program of strength training, testosterone, and vitamin D, calcium and protein supplements for 20 weeks reduced tiredness compared with no intervention, though the vitamin D effect could not be separated from the other parts of the program.Beneficial effects of exercise, testosterone, vitamin D, calcium and protein in older men-A randomized clinical trial.
- In 148 frail men aged 70 and older with low testosterone, over one year, only the group receiving testosterone plus strength training (which also took vitamin D, calcium and protein supplements) reported less fatigue than controls; vitamin D was not tested on its own.Testosterone and resistance training improved physical performance and reduced fatigue in frail older men: 1 year follow…
- In a double-blind placebo-controlled trial of 144 non-anemic women with unexplained fatigue, 80 mg daily of oral iron for 4 weeks reduced fatigue more than placebo, with the benefit seen mainly in women with low or borderline ferritin.Iron supplementation for unexplained fatigue in non-anaemic women: double blind randomised placebo controlled trial.
- In 141 healthy office workers, a single 10 gram intravenous vitamin C dose lowered fatigue scores for up to one day compared with saline placebo, especially in those with low starting vitamin C, and also lowered oxidative stress.Intravenous vitamin C administration reduces fatigue in office workers: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.
- In a placebo-controlled trial of 130 vitamin D-deficient young women with premenstrual syndrome, 2,000 IU vitamin D every other day for 12 weeks did not reduce fatigue more than placebo, although fatigue fell within the vitamin D group.The Effect of Vitamin D Supplement Consumption on Premenstrual Syndrome in Vitamin D-Deficient Young Girls: A Randomized…
- In 128 stroke patients with fatigue, electroacupuncture with cupping improved energy more than a medication group that took a vitamin E capsule, magnesium and a med for 5 weeks; vitamin E was not tested alone.[Clinical observation on the therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture combined with cupping on post-stroke fatigue].
- In 122 hospitalized adults with moderate COVID-19, a selenium and iron-chelator nanomedicine combination lowered IL-6 compared with placebo, and clinical scores for fatigue and cough improved.Beneficial effects of the combination of BCc1 and Hep-S nanochelating-based medicines on IL-6 in hospitalized moderate C…
- In 120 people with fatigue and low vitamin D, a single 100,000-unit oral dose of vitamin D3 reduced fatigue more than placebo over 4 weeks, with 72% of the vitamin D group reporting improved fatigue versus 50% on placebo.Effect of vitamin D3 on self-perceived fatigue: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial.
- In 120 men with advanced prostate cancer, a radioactive iodine-labeled drug given with enzalutamide for four cycles eight weeks apart caused more fatigue (75% vs 53.8%) than enzalutamide alone, though it improved the cancer response.131I-LNTH-1095 Radioligand Therapy plus Enzalutamide versus Enzalutamide Alone in Men with PSMA-Avid Metastatic Castrati…
- In 112 women with anemia after childbirth, adding 1 mg of folic acid daily to iron for 4 weeks did not change fatigue scores, hemoglobin or health status compared with iron alone.A randomized controlled trial examining the addition of folic acid to iron supplementation in the treatment of postpartu…
- In 110 premenopausal women with iron-deficiency anemia from fibroids, both groups took 325 mg iron three times daily for 12 weeks, and adding a goserelin injection raised blood hemoglobin more than a sham injection did; the abstract does not test iron alone against no iron and reports no energy or fatigue result.Goserelin acetate 10.8 mg plus iron versus iron monotherapy prior to surgery in premenopausal women with iron-deficiency…
- In 110 people with fibromyalgia, 3 months of a supplement with coenzyme Q10, tryptophan and magnesium did not significantly reduce fatigue (placebo improved significantly), though pain, sleep and overall impact improved.Effects of Coenzyme Q10, Tryptophan, and Magnesium Supplementation on Fatigue in Patients with Fibromyalgia - A Randomiz…
- In 101 people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, 25,000 IU daily of retinyl palmitate for 6 months then 10,000 IU for 6 months reduced fatigue and depression more than placebo.Effect of Vitamin A Supplementation on fatigue and depression in Multiple Sclerosis patients: A Double-Blind Placebo-Con…
- In 100 pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia over 12 weeks, intravenous ferric carboxymaltose gave greater fatigue improvement than iron sucrose and needed fewer visits.Comparison of ferric Carboxymaltose and iron sucrose complex for treatment of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy- rando…
- In a 3-month double-blind trial of 99 people with severe kidney failure taking 250 mg vitamin C three times weekly, symptoms including fatigue were similar to placebo, and nausea trended worse with vitamin C.Vitamin C supplementation in kidney failure: effect on uraemic symptoms.
- In 98 adults with inflammatory bowel disease in remission, 4 weeks of magnesium plus B vitamins reduced fatigue more than placebo, and also lowered ulcerative colitis symptom scores but not Crohn's disease scores.Effects of B vitamins and magnesium on fatigue, disease activity and quality of life in inflammatory bowel disease.
- In 97 people with inflammatory bowel disease and iron deficiency anemia, fatigue scores improved over 5 weeks after intravenous iron with both products, but improvement was slower and smaller with ferric carboxymaltose.Hypophosphataemia following ferric derisomaltose and ferric carboxymaltose in patients with iron deficiency anaemia due …
- In 97 people with inflammatory bowel disease and iron deficiency anemia, intravenous iron over about 10 weeks improved vitality scores, a measure of energy, with larger gains after ferric derisomaltose than ferric carboxymaltose.Hypophosphatemia attenuates improvements in vitality after intravenous iron treatment in patients with inflammatory bowe…
- In adults with moderate kidney disease, 8,000 IU of vitamin D a day for 12 weeks did not change fatigue compared with placebo.High doses of cholecalciferol alleviate the progression of hyperparathyroidism in patients with CKD Stages 3-4: results …
- In 94 adults, a 4-week high-calcium diet was compared with a DASH-type diet and the abstract reports mood benefits only for the low-sodium, high-potassium diet, not for the high-calcium diet.Dietary electrolytes are related to mood.
- In 91 people with chronic fatigue syndrome after COVID-19 or vaccination and low vitamin D, a 12-week program of 25 mcg daily vitamin D with diet, sun, and exercise guidance reduced symptom counts more than vitamin D alone, with 16 participants no longer meeting diagnostic criteria versus 1 in the control group.Vitamin D in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome After COVID-19 or Vaccination: A Randomized Controlled T…
- In 90 premenopausal women with fatigue and low ferritin, one 800 mg intravenous iron dose cut fatigue more than placebo only in women with ferritin of 15 or lower, where 82% of iron-treated women reported improvement; the overall difference was not significant.Intravenous iron for the treatment of fatigue in nonanemic, premenopausal women with low serum ferritin concentration.
- In 88 adults with drug-resistant epilepsy and low vitamin D, a placebo-controlled 3-month period showed no fatigue or seizure benefit from vitamin D3, but over a longer open-label period fatigue and quality of life scores improved significantly.Vitamin D deficiency and effect of treatment on seizure frequency and quality of life parameters in patients with drug-r…
- In 86 volunteers with mental fatigue, a single dose of homeopathic potassium phosphate taken before an attention test did not beat placebo, though a ceiling effect in the test limited the result.Homeopathy for mental fatigue: lessons from a randomized, triple blind, placebo-controlled cross-over clinical trial.
- In 85 female blood donors, one 1000 mg intravenous iron isomaltoside dose raised hemoglobin more than placebo, but fatigue differences were only numerical and the trial was not powered for symptoms.Intravenous iron isomaltoside improves hemoglobin concentration and iron stores in female iron-deficient blood donors: a…
- In 80 adults with fatigue or neuropsychiatric symptoms after COVID-19, 60,000 IU of vitamin D given weekly for 8 weeks reduced fatigue more than placebo, along with some anxiety and cognitive test gains.Effects of an 8-week high-dose vitamin D supplementation on fatigue and neuropsychiatric manifestations in post-COVID sy…
- In 80 healthy elderly Irish women with marginal thiamin deficiency, 10 mg of thiamin daily for 6 weeks increased appetite, energy intake and general well-being and decreased fatigue compared with placebo.Influence of thiamin supplementation on the health and general well-being of an elderly Irish population with marginal t…
- In 80 people with chronic kidney disease, adding folic acid and/or pentoxifylline to standard care for 6 months significantly reduced fatigue scores compared with standard care alone.The potential adding therapeutic effect of pentoxifylline and/or folic acid for chronic kidney disease patients: randomi…
- In 75 African American adults with type 2 diabetes, taking 4000 IU of vitamin D3 daily for one year did not improve fatigue, mood, or walking ability compared with 600 IU daily.The effect of vitamin D supplementation on mental and functional health outcomes in African Americans with type 2 diabet…
- In 68 people with multiple sclerosis, 20,000 IU of vitamin D3 weekly for 96 weeks produced no significant difference in fatigue compared with placebo.Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on relapses, disease progression, and measures of function in persons with multiple…
- In 68 people with chronic fatigue syndrome, vitamin B1 with oryzanol for 4 weeks reduced fatigue scores, but adding acupuncture worked better; the study did not test thiamine against placebo.[Acupuncture in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome based on "interaction of brain and kidney" in TCM: a randomize…
- In 65 people with chronic fatigue syndrome, a daily combination with 1.05 mg B6, beta-glucan, vitamin D3 and zinc for 36 weeks improved cognitive fatigue compared with their own baseline.Yeast Beta-Glucan Supplementation with Multivitamins Attenuates Cognitive Impairments in Individuals with Myalgic Enceph…
- In 64 women with polycystic ovary syndrome, 10 weeks of magnesium improved the energy and fatigue score and total quality of life compared with placebo.The effects of magnesium supplementation on abnormal uterine bleeding, alopecia, quality of life, and acne in women with…
- In 63 women with premenstrual symptoms (32 completed), 50 mg of vitamin B6 daily for 3 months in a crossover design improved emotional symptoms including depression, irritability and tiredness compared with placebo.Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) and the premenstrual syndrome: a randomized crossover trial.
- In 63 HIV-positive drug users, 200 mcg of selenium daily for 12 months increased self-reported vigor and reduced anxiety compared with placebo, with no effect on depression.Psychological burden in the era of HAART: impact of selenium therapy.
- In 61 people with primary biliary cirrhosis fatigue, 12 weeks of an antioxidant mix including selenium did not reduce fatigue more than placebo.Oral antioxidant supplementation for fatigue associated with primary biliary cirrhosis: results of a multicentre, random…
- In 60 head and neck cancer patients having radiotherapy, adding pentoxifylline and vitamin E reduced the occurrence of fatigue compared with radiotherapy alone, though the combination was not testing vitamin E alone.Pentoxifylline and vitamin E reduce the severity of radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis and dysphagia in head and neck c…
- In 60 a med users with muscle symptoms, coenzyme Q10 reduced tiredness and muscle pain over 3 months, but adding selenium gave no significant additional benefit.Read the study on PubMed (23458201) →
- In 58 healthy adults with mild prolonged tiredness, a supplement combining pomegranate extract with B vitamins and vitamin C reduced fatigue scores over 8 weeks compared with placebo, though vitamin C was not tested alone and biochemical markers did not change.Combination of Chemically Characterized Pomegranate Extract and Hydrophilic Vitamins against Prolonged Fatigue: A Monoce…
- In 58 people with long-COVID, 2000 mg of nicotinamide riboside daily raised blood NAD+ about 3-fold but did not significantly improve fatigue, cognition, or sleep versus placebo.Effects of nicotinamide riboside on NAD+ levels, cognition, and symptom recovery in long-COVID: a randomized controlled …
- In 54 cancer patients with hand-foot skin reactions from chemotherapy, topical pyridoxine for 6 weeks did not improve the skin reaction grade, but patients reported lower fatigue, better physical function and better quality of life than the placebo group.A pilot randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the effects of the topical application of pyridoxine on pal…
- In 53 female athletes with low iron stores, 20 mg iron plus a probiotic raised ferritin more than iron alone but not significantly, and increased vigor at 12 weeks, with no clear effect on physical performance.The Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum 299v on Iron Status and Physical Performance in Female Iron-Deficient Athletes: A …
- In 51 Japanese women with premenstrual symptoms, taking 180 mg of γ-tocopherol twice a day for 7 days before their period reduced fatigue compared with placebo.Effect of γ-tocopherol supplementation on premenstrual symptoms and natriuresis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-con…
- In 50 people with chronic fatigue syndrome, high-dose vitamin D3 given every 2 months for 6 months did not improve fatigue scores compared with placebo.Effect of intermittent vitamin D3 on vascular function and symptoms in chronic fatigue syndrome--a randomised controlled…
- In 50 people recovering from COVID-19, one month of 1-methylnicotinamide improved 6-minute walk distance in 92% versus 60% without it, and severe fatigue was 20% versus 56%.Use of 1-MNA to Improve Exercise Tolerance and Fatigue in Patients after COVID-19.
- In 50 people given 100 mcg of selenium daily for 5 weeks versus placebo in a crossover design, mood improved and anxiety fell, with tiredness decreasing most in those with low dietary selenium.The impact of selenium supplementation on mood.
- In 49 patients after colon surgery, magnesium oxide (1 g every 12 hours) did not change fatigue or bowel recovery compared with placebo.Effect of the laxative magnesium oxide on gastrointestinal functional recovery in fast-track colonic resection: a double…
- In 46 older adults with mild cognitive impairment, a daily omega-3 and omega-6 formula with 0.6 mg vitamin A and vitamin E for 6 months improved fatigue, cognition, walking capacity and sleepiness more than placebo.The Effects of a 6-Month High Dose Omega-3 and Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Antioxidant Vitamins Supplementat…
- In healthy young adults with low vitamin C levels, 500 mg twice a day for 4 weeks improved attention and work absorption compared with placebo, with a trend toward less fatigue.Vitamin C supplementation promotes mental vitality in healthy young adults: results from a cross-sectional analysis and …
- In a 28-day placebo-controlled trial of 46 adults with long COVID, twice-daily liposomal vitamin C (500 mg) with l-arginine reduced persistent fatigue (2 of 23 still fatigued vs 21 of 23 on placebo) and improved walking distance and handgrip strength.Effects of l-Arginine Plus Vitamin C Supplementation on Physical Performance, Endothelial Function, and Persistent Fatig…
- In 46 active men, 2000 IU of vitamin D3 daily for 12 weeks lowered fatigue index scores and improved aerobic capacity and power compared with placebo.Effects of vitamin D3 supplementation for 12 weeks on serum levels of anabolic hormones, anaerobic power, and aerobic pe…
- In 45 people with COPD and weight loss, 12 weeks of a nutrition drink containing 10 mcg vitamin D3 and omega-3 fatty acids reduced exercise-induced fatigue more than an isocaloric comparator drink.Targeted medical nutrition for cachexia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized, controlled trial.
- In 44 children with sickle cell disease or who were healthy, daily vitamin D3 at 4,000 or 7,000 IU for 12 weeks significantly reduced fatigue and improved physical performance.Vitamin D Supplementation Improves Health-Related Quality of Life and Physical Performance in Children with Sickle Cell …
- In 44 healthy people, asthma patients and COPD patients, a single dose of ammonium chloride that made the blood more acidic did not change muscle strength or muscle endurance compared with placebo.Respiratory muscle strength and muscle endurance are not affected by acute metabolic acidemia.
- In 43 adults with sleep complaints, a blend containing a small amount of vitamin B3 taken with the evening meal for 14 days shortened sleep onset time and improved next-morning mood and vigor, but had no effect on cognitive performance.Mulberry leaf extract combined with tryptophan improves sleep and post wake mood in adults with sleep complaints - A ran…
- In 42 healthy adults aged 40-76, a glycine, glutamine and niacin mixture taken for 3 weeks raised growth hormone by about 70% compared with placebo, but did not change IGF-I, mood or memory.Effects of an oral mixture containing glycine, glutamine and niacin on memory, GH and IGF-I secretion in middle-aged and…
- In 41 trained male cyclists, 4 weeks of a combination supplement including 1.1 mg vitamin B1 did not improve aerobic or anaerobic performance or fatigue measures versus placebo, though it lowered blood lactate after hard exercise.l-Carnitine and Alpha-Lipoic Acid Fail to Improve Anaerobic and Aerobic Performance in Trained Cyclists Despite a Reduct…
- In 40 young adults with low vitamin C, 1000 mg daily for 4 weeks improved mental vitality and reduced inflammation compared with placebo, with gut bacteria changes linked to the gains.Gut microbiota links vitamin C supplementation to enhanced mental vitality in healthy young adults with suboptimal vitam…
- In teenagers and young adults with lupus, 50,000 IU of vitamin D once a week for 24 weeks reduced fatigue related to social life compared with placebo.Vitamin D Supplementation in Adolescents and Young Adults With Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus for Improvement in …
- In a cluster randomized trial of 40 nursing home residents over 65, being encouraged to spend 20-30 minutes outdoors daily for two months in summer improved self-perceived mental health and vitality compared with before the summer, while the control group showed no change.Sunlight Exposure and Vitamin D Levels in Older People- An Intervention Study in Swedish Nursing Homes.
- In 40 people with quiescent inflammatory bowel disease and severe fatigue, 4 weeks of high-dose thiamine (600-1800 mg a day) reduced fatigue by 4.5 points versus a 0.75-point increase on placebo, with 55% and 75% of the two groups improving on thiamine.Randomised clinical trial: high-dose oral thiamine versus placebo for chronic fatigue in patients with quiescent inflamm…
- In healthy older adults, a 12-week multi-ingredient supplement that included vitamin D did not change muscle fatigue measures compared with placebo, though it improved muscle strength and power.Effects of 12 Weeks of Essential Amino Acids (EAA)-Based Multi-Ingredient Nutritional Supplementation on Muscle Mass, Mu…
- In 36 volunteers, 1 g of vitamin C daily for 30 days improved maximal oxygen uptake and lowered oxidative stress only in those with the lowest vitamin C levels, and it did not reduce fatigue index.Antioxidant supplementation, redox deficiencies and exercise performance: A falsification design.
- In 36 people with primary biliary cholangitis and severe fatigue, 4 weeks of high-dose thiamine (600-1800 mg a day) was safe but not better than placebo at reducing fatigue.High-dose oral thiamine versus placebo for chronic fatigue in patients with primary biliary cholangitis: A crossover ran…
- In 33 soldiers over 12 days, ration pack feeding led to more fatigue than fresh food, and folate status declined in all groups; folic acid was not tested as a supplement.The physiological and psychological effects of combat ration feeding during a 12-day training exercise in the tropics.
- In 32 healthy young adults, 28 days of a daily B vitamin complex including B1 increased running time to exhaustion 1.26-fold and lowered blood lactate and ammonia during exercise compared with placebo.A functional evaluation of anti-fatigue and exercise performance improvement following vitamin B complex supplementation…
- In 32 Gulf War veterans with illness, a 4-6 week program of exercise, sauna and nicotinic acid plus other supplements improved physical quality of life by 6.9 points versus waitlist, and 11 of 16 quality of life, pain and fatigue measures improved.A Detoxification Intervention for Gulf War Illness: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.
- In 32 people with chronic fatigue syndrome, weekly magnesium sulphate injections for 6 weeks led 12 of 15 treated patients to report benefit and better energy, versus 3 of 17 on placebo.Red blood cell magnesium and chronic fatigue syndrome.
- In 30 older patients (average age 76), one year of vitamin E (400 mg a day) plus selenium improved fatigue, mental alertness, motivation and general condition compared with placebo, with no side effects.Vitamin E and selenium supplementation in geriatric patients : A double-blind preliminary clinical trial.
- In 30 young women with premenstrual syndrome, both groups took vitamin B6 and calcium for 3 months; the group that also did treadmill exercise improved fatigue and other symptoms, so the effect is from exercise rather than vitamin B6.Effect of aerobic exercise on premenstrual symptoms, haematological and hormonal parameters in young women.
- In 30 women with gynecological disease and anemia before surgery, 100 mg daily iron for at least 10 days raised hemoglobin but did not significantly reduce fatigue; adding Ninjin'yoeito reduced fatigue.Safety and efficacy of Ninjin'yoeito along with iron supplementation therapy for preoperative anemia, fatigue, and anxie…
- In 30 adults with hypertension, diabetes or high blood fats, drinking water with 80 mg of magnesium daily for 4 weeks improved body mass index, insulin, triglycerides and fatigue compared with placebo water.Effects of deep ocean-derived magnesium-enhanced water on metabolic diseases with microbiome changes.
- In people recovering from knee ligament surgery, 600 mg alpha-tocopherol plus 600 mg gamma-tocopherol and vitamin C for 16 weeks did not change muscle strength or time to exhaustion compared with placebo.Serum cytokines and muscle strength after anterior cruciate ligament surgery are not modulated by high-doses of vitamins…
- In 28 men with marginal vitamin C status, 1000 mg daily for 8 weeks produced a physical activity rise that was not statistically significant compared with placebo, though cold episodes were fewer.Vitamin C supplementation slightly improves physical activity levels and reduces cold incidence in men with marginal vit…
- In 26 overweight middle-aged women doing aerobic training for 3 months, drinking 500 mL of orange juice daily was linked with lower blood lactate, suggesting less muscle fatigue than training alone.Orange juice improved lipid profile and blood lactate of overweight middle-aged women subjected to aerobic training.
- Eating two SunGold kiwifruit daily for 4 weeks improved mood disturbance, wellbeing and vitality compared with usual diet in 26 adults with mild to moderate mood disturbance.SunGold Kiwifruit and Psychological Health (GoKiPH): A Randomised Controlled Crossover Trial.
- In 26 recreationally active women with iron deficiency but no anemia, one intravenous iron treatment compared with placebo improved fatigue scores at 4 weeks.Effect of intravenous iron therapy on exercise performance, fatigue scores and mood states in iron-deficient recreationa…
- In 26 adults with post-COVID fatigue syndrome, a 3-month synbiotic containing zinc reduced general fatigue, but placebo did too; the synbiotic was superior to placebo only for post-exercise malaise, and zinc's own effect was not isolated.The effects of 3-month supplementation with synbiotic on patient-reported outcomes, exercise tolerance, and brain and mu…
- In 25 healthy young adults, a single dose of a pre-workout drink containing 500 mg vitamin C along with other ingredients raised self-rated energy and vigour compared with placebo, though adding synephrine gave no extra benefit.Effects of acute ingestion of a pre-workout dietary supplement with and without p-synephrine on resting energy expenditu…
- In 25 breast cancer survivors, 500 mg vitamin C plus vitamin E daily for 10 weeks alongside strength training did not reduce fatigue more than placebo.Effect of strength training and antioxidant supplementation on perceived and performance fatigability in breast cancer s…
- In a double-blind crossover trial of 25 resistance-trained adults, 7 days of a pre-workout drink containing 65 mg niacin (plus caffeine and other ingredients) improved some lower-body strength and endurance measures compared with placebo, but not cycling time-trial performance, with no differences in side effects.Short-Term Effects of a Ready-to-Drink Pre-Workout Beverage on Exercise Performance and Recovery.
- In 25 untrained men, a single 1000 mg dose of niacin before cycling raised the respiratory exchange ratio and shortened time to exhaustion compared with caffeine, suggesting impaired exercise performance.Niacin supplementation impairs exercise performance.
- In 24 adults with low parathyroid function, one month each of calcium citrate and calcium carbonate showed no difference in quality of life scores; the abstract does not report a fatigue difference.Calcium Citrate Versus Calcium Carbonate in the Management of Chronic Hypoparathyroidism: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Cr…
- In 24 trained male cyclists, six days of sodium phosphate did not improve aerobic capacity in low oxygen compared with placebo, though some responders improved by 3-5%.Effects of Short-Term Phosphate Loading on Aerobic Capacity under Acute Hypoxia in Cyclists: A Randomized, Placebo-Contr…
- In 24 patients on chemotherapy for colorectal cancer, 70 mg of zinc per day for 16 weeks prevented the increase in fatigue and decline in quality of life seen in the placebo group.Effects of zinc supplementation on fatigue and quality of life in patients with colorectal cancer.
- In 24 hemodialysis patients taking a zinc-containing amino acid blend for 12 weeks, energy and fatigue scores improved along with lower inflammation and oxidative stress, though zinc was not tested alone.The Combined Use of Hydroxymethylbutyrate and Branched-Chain Amino Acids to Counteract Uremic Sarcopenia.
- In 24 stroke patients in rehabilitation, one sachet a day for 8 weeks of a vitamin and mineral blend that included copper reduced motor, cognitive and total fatigue more than rehabilitation alone, though copper was not tested by itself.The role of nutritional supplement on post-stroke fatigue: a pilot randomized controlled trial.
- In 22 college-aged adults taking 350 mg of magnesium daily for 10 days, muscle soreness and perceived recovery improved compared with placebo, but performance gains did not reach statistical significance.Effects of Magnesium Supplementation on Muscle Soreness and Performance.
- In 21 young football players, 15 days of vitamin E (400 IU a day) plus vitamin C reduced signs of oxidative stress but did not improve power, agility, muscle soreness or recovery compared with placebo.Antioxidant vitamin supplementation prevents oxidative stress but does not enhance performance in young football athlete…
- In 21 untrained men, a caffeine supplement containing 40 mg of niacin taken once did not improve bench press strength, leg extension strength, or time to exhaustion on a bike compared with placebo.Acute effects of a caffeine-containing supplement on bench press and leg extension strength and time to exhaustion durin…
- In 20 obese adults on a calorie-restricted diet, 500 mg of vitamin C daily for 4 weeks lowered self-reported fatigue and reduced heart rate and perceived exertion during exercise compared with placebo.Vitamin C status and perception of effort during exercise in obese adults adhering to a calorie-reduced diet.
- In 20 male athletic students, 450 mg vitamin E daily for 8 weeks did not change oxidative stress markers or cycling endurance compared with placebo.Effects of vitamin E supplementation on oxidative stress at rest and after exercise to exhaustion in athletic students.
- In 20 singers with mild vocal symptoms, a single 1000 mcg B12 injection did not improve voice fatigue or singing measures more than a placebo injection.Effect of Vitamin B12 Injection on the Vocal Performance of Professional Singers: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Co…
- In 20 iron-depleted women without anemia, 6 weeks of iron supplements, compared with placebo, reduced muscle fatigue during repeated knee-extension exercise and raised muscle strength later in the test.Iron supplementation improves progressive fatigue resistance during dynamic knee extensor exercise in iron-depleted, non…
- In 20 active women with low iron stores, 100 mg of daily iron for 8 weeks raised maximal oxygen uptake above the placebo group and lowered blood lactate after exercise, though the rise in endurance time was not statistically significant.Effects of iron repletion on VO2max, endurance, and blood lactate in women.
- In 20 trained male cyclists, six days of sodium phosphate lowered heart rate and improved stroke volume and oxygen pulse during low and moderate exercise in low oxygen, but exercise efficiency did not change.The Effects of Sodium Phosphate Supplementation on the Cardiorespiratory System and Gross Efficiency during Exercise und…
- In 20 junior cyclists, a daily multi-nutrient tablet containing magnesium for 4 weeks led to faster fatigue recovery than a plain vitamin product, but magnesium was not tested alone.Studies concerning the ergogenic value of Cantamega-2000 supply in top junior cyclists.
- In 19 adults with sleep apnea, 4,000 IU of vitamin D3 daily for 15 weeks did not change sleepiness, fatigue, or thinking tests compared with placebo, though it lowered some blood inflammation markers.Vitamin D Improves Selected Metabolic Parameters but Not Neuropsychological or Quality of Life Indices in OSA: A Pilot S…
- In 18 healthy volunteers, 1000 mg a day of ascorbic acid for 8 days did not reduce physical fatigue during a long cycling task, while a different product did.Effects of Applephenon and ascorbic acid on physical fatigue.
- In 18 sedentary women taking 300 mg vitamin E daily across two menstrual cycles, supplementation did not change exhaustive muscle performance compared with placebo.Exercise-induced oxidative stress and muscle performance in healthy women: role of vitamin E supplementation and endogen…
- In 18 trained adults, three days of hydrogen-rich calcium powder lowered breathing rate and blood pH during exercise but did not change oxygen uptake compared with placebo.Application of Molecular Hydrogen as an Antioxidant in Responses to Ventilatory and Ergogenic Adjustments during Increme…
- In 18 iron-depleted female runners, 8 weeks of oral iron raised iron stores but did not improve endurance time to exhaustion compared with placebo.Effect of iron supplementation on endurance capacity in iron-depleted female runners.
- In 18 young men, a single dose of ammonium chloride (0.3 g per kg body weight) did not change the cycling power at which fatigue began compared with sodium bicarbonate.The effect of ammonium chloride and sodium bicarbonate ingestion on the physical working capacity at the fatigue thresho…
- In 17 people, 3 weeks of a broad antioxidant mixture including beta-carotene did not protect cycling performance in low oxygen better than placebo, while a different supplement did.Effects of antioxidant supplementation on exercise performance in acute normobaric hypoxia.
- In 17 adults with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis who finished the trial, a modified Paleolithic diet reduced fatigue scores compared with people eating their usual diet and raised vitamin K blood levels, but vitamin K itself was not given as a supplement.Randomized control trial evaluation of a modified Paleolithic dietary intervention in the treatment of relapsing-remitti…
- In 17 amateur cyclists who took a herbal formula containing 200 mcg of chromium for 2 weeks, there was no improvement over placebo in oxygen use, time to exhaustion or peak power.Effects of a commercial herbal-based formula on exercise performance in cyclists.
- In 16 male athletes, 100 mg of thiamine daily for 3 days before cycling exercise reduced the rise in blood glucose in those with normal thiamine levels and lowered the number of fatigue complaints after exercise compared with placebo.Effects of thiamine supplementation on exercise-induced fatigue.
- In a placebo-controlled trial of 16 iron-depleted female athletes, intramuscular iron injections raised serum ferritin but did not improve submaximal or maximal aerobic exercise performance compared with placebo over about 4 weeks.Effect of iron injections on aerobic-exercise performance of iron-depleted female athletes.
- In 16 trained men with two nights of short sleep, zinc magnesium aspartate had no effect on sleep, ratings of fatigue or morning weightlifting performance compared with placebo.Effects of Supplementing Zinc Magnesium Aspartate on Sleep Quality and Submaximal Weightlifting Performance, following T…
- In 15 adults with chronic fatigue syndrome, an injected bovine liver extract containing folic acid and vitamin B12 did not improve symptoms beyond placebo in a double-blind crossover trial, and the placebo response was strong.Liver extract-folic acid-cyanocobalamin vs placebo for chronic fatigue syndrome.
- In 15 iron-deficient elite runners, a single 500 milligram intravenous iron injection improved iron levels for 4 weeks but did not improve time to exhaustion compared with placebo.Effect of Intravenous Iron on Aerobic Capacity and Iron Metabolism in Elite Athletes.
- In 14 young men, 30 mg of beta-carotene daily for 1 month did not change exercise-related DNA oxidative damage in urine in a significant way, and energy or exercise performance was not measured.Effect of a single bout of exercise and beta-carotene supplementation on the urinary excretion of 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosi…
- In 14 healthy volunteers, 3000 mg a day of ascorbic acid for 8 days did not change physical fatigue during a long cycling task compared with placebo.Daily oral administration of crocetin attenuates physical fatigue in human subjects.
- In 14 people given 1 gram a day of a thiamine derivative or placebo for 4 days in a crossover design, there was no difference in oxygen uptake, lactate or 2000-metre cycling time.The effect of a thiamin derivative on exercise performance.
- In a placebo-controlled trial of 14 distance runners without clinical iron deficiency, three 100 mg intravenous iron injections over 4 weeks reduced perceived fatigue and mood disturbance by week 6, without improving running performance.Four weeks of IV iron supplementation reduces perceived fatigue and mood disturbance in distance runners.
- In 14 trained men, sodium chloride was used only as the placebo; sodium bicarbonate improved sprint power and fatigue compared with it, so chloride itself showed no benefit.Effects of sodium bicarbonate and carbohydrate intake after 14-h fasting on anaerobic performance and muscular endurance…
- In 13 men exercising in heat, drinks containing sodium with glycerol did not improve time to exhaustion compared with water.Hyperhydration with Glycerol, Sodium, and Isomaltulose or Sucrose on Fluid Balance, Thermoregulation, and Exercise Capac…
- In 12 middle-aged triathletes during a 90-minute cycling session, taking vitamin C with glutathione improved energy-related metabolic and heart measures and lowered an oxidative stress marker compared with placebo, though vitamin C was not tested alone and this was a single acute session.Enhancing Supplemental Effects of Acute Natural Antioxidant Derived from Yeast Fermentation and Vitamin C on Sports Perf…
- In 11 trained male triathletes, 4 weeks of a combination supplement including vitamin E did not change time to exhaustion compared with placebo (223 vs 215 minutes).Effects of coenzyme athletic performance system as an ergogenic aid on endurance performance to exhaustion.
- In 11 active people, sodium chloride was the placebo; sodium bicarbonate lengthened exercise time in low oxygen compared with it, so chloride itself showed no benefit.Sodium bicarbonate supplementation improves severe-intensity intermittent exercise under moderate acute hypoxic conditio…
- In 10 healthy adults who ate few fruits and vegetables, 4 weeks of a combined antioxidant supplement (including 15,000 IU beta-carotene, a vitamin A precursor) raised antioxidant status about 21%, improved airflow, and lowered breathing rate and perceived exertion during exercise compared with placebo.The effects of antioxidant vitamin supplementation on expiratory flow rates at rest and during exercise.
- In 10 male endurance-trained subjects, rinsing the mouth with a 6% salt solution during 30 minutes of cycling helped preserve muscle force after exercise compared with water rinsing.Effect of glucose and sodium chloride mouth rinses on neuromuscular fatigue: a preliminary study.
- In 8 healthy young men, one week of 1.5 grams each of pantothenic acid and cysteine daily did not change muscle coenzyme A, fuel use during exercise, or work output compared with placebo.Acute pantothenic acid and cysteine supplementation does not affect muscle coenzyme A content, fuel selection, or exerci…
- In eight men doing calf contractions to exhaustion, calcium carbonate used as the control had no effect on time to fatigue, which was similar to the acid and alkaline trials, showing that changing muscle pH did not alter fatigue.The effect of pH on fatigue during submaximal isometric contractions of the human calf muscle.
- In 8 active men doing high-intensity shuttle running, adding 400 mg of chromium picolinate to a carbohydrate drink did not extend running time beyond what the carbohydrate drink alone achieved.Effects of carbohydrate and chromium ingestion during intermittent high-intensity exercise to fatigue.
- In 8 men dehydrated by exercise, drinks with more sodium chloride improved rehydration but did not change time to exhaustion 4 hours later.Rehydration with drinks differing in sodium concentration and recovery from moderate exercise-induced hypohydration in m…
- In 8 healthy men, sodium chloride was used as the placebo; running time to exhaustion after repeated sprints was similar with sodium bicarbonate (78 seconds) and sodium chloride (75 seconds), so chloride itself showed no energy effect.The effect of sodium bicarbonate ingestion on high-intensity intermittent running and subsequent performance.
- In 8 active young men, a single dose of sodium chloride given with fizzy water and a script suggesting it would help performance increased time to exhaustion in hard cycling by 9.5% compared with the same salt given with a neutral script.Expectancy of ergogenicity from sodium bicarbonate ingestion increases high-intensity cycling capacity.
- In eight men, a glucose drink lowered blood potassium during and after intense cycling, but it did not delay fatigue compared with placebo.A single oral glucose load decreases arterial plasma [K+ ] during exercise and recovery.
- In 7 well-trained male cyclists, a multinutrient supplement containing pyridoxine-alpha-ketoglutarate for 3 weeks did not extend time to exhaustion during cycling or speed recovery compared with placebo.Tricarboxylic-acid-cycle intermediates and cycle endurance capacity.
- In 7 well-trained runners, drinking a prescribed volume of a potassium-containing carbohydrate-electrolyte drink during 4 hours of recovery from a long run let them keep running about 16% longer later than drinking as much as they wanted.Influence of fluid intake pattern on short-term recovery from prolonged, submaximal running and subsequent exercise capa…
- In adults with daily fatigue, a sesame lignan and vitamin E supplement (55 mg alpha-tocopherol) for 8 weeks did not beat placebo overall, though in people aged 40 and over it improved sleep and appearance versus placebo and raised antioxidant capacity.Sesame Lignans and Vitamin E Supplementation Improve Subjective Statuses and Anti-Oxidative Capacity in Healthy Humans W…
- In people with quiescent inflammatory bowel disease and chronic fatigue given high dose oral thiamine for 4 weeks, blood levels of other B vitamins were not linked to the fatigue response, and only lower riboflavin was seen in those reporting benefit.B-vitamins, related vitamers, and metabolites in patients with quiescent inflammatory bowel disease and chronic fatigue …
- In a placebo-controlled crossover pilot in healthy middle-aged adults, 7 days of RiaGev (1520 mg twice daily) raised blood NAD+ metabolites and reduced fatigue and improved concentration and motivation compared with baseline, with no clinically relevant side effects.A Combination of Nicotinamide and D-Ribose (RiaGev) Is Safe and Effective to Increase NAD+ Metabolome in Healthy Middle-…
- In young women with premenstrual syndrome, 500 mg of calcium carbonate twice daily for 3 months reduced early tiredness compared with placebo.Effects of calcium supplement therapy in women with premenstrual syndrome.
- In a randomized trial of pregnant people in their second trimester with iron deficiency anemia, a 27 mg iron tablet over 4 weeks raised hemoglobin as much as 100 mg ferrous ascorbate, improved dizziness, fatigue and palpitations more, and caused no side effects.Efficacy and safety of emulsified microsomal ferric pyrophosphate vs. Ferrous Ascorbate in pregnancy with iron-deficienc…
- In people with fibromyalgia, 100 mg of magnesium daily for one month did not change fatigue more than placebo.Short-Term Magnesium Therapy Alleviates Moderate Stress in Patients with Fibromyalgia: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinica…
- In children and adolescents receiving chemotherapy for cancer, selenium supplementation reduced fatigue and nausea scores after 30 days and up to one year, and kidney and liver function improved compared with placebo.Supplementation with selenium can influence nausea, fatigue, physical, renal, and liver function of children and adolesc…
- In an open-label quasi-randomized trial of 1066 women with postpartum anemia, the herbal formula Ninjin'yoeito reduced fatigue over 4 weeks, while oral iron did not, although both raised hemoglobin by similar amounts.A quasi-randomized controlled trial of Ninjin'yoeito for the treatment of postpartum anemia and the prevention of postpa…
- In 351 Bangladeshi schoolchildren aged 6-11, daily fortified biscuits raised blood levels of retinol and other nutrients, and children and teachers reported less tiredness and better energy, though energy was not measured directly.Impact of fortified biscuits on micronutrient deficiencies among primary school children in Bangladesh.
- In 218 men and women with early coronary ischemia, salt baths improved exercise endurance only in those with moderate muscle power, while underwater massage showers improved it in everyone.[Cardiovascular effects of sodium chloride bath and underwater shower in coronary ischemia].
- In 155 young adults with low vitamin C, a 250 mg vitamin C tablet daily for 4 weeks only marginally improved mood until day 12, with effects weaker than kiwifruit, though mood improved in those with low starting vitamin C.Smartphone survey data reveal the timecourse of changes in mood outcomes following vitamin C or kiwifruit intervention i…
- In active duty soldiers, a 90-day vitamin D3 supplement improved self-reported fatigue and sleep scores compared with a no-treatment control group.A Prospective Cohort Study of Vitamin D Supplementation in AD Soldiers: Preliminary Findings.
- In 134 patients after cerebral aneurysm embolization, adding glycerol fructose to routine vitamin B6 gave better neurological fatigue scores than B6 alone, so the benefit is from glycerol fructose rather than B6.Glycerol fructose combined with vitamin B6 is beneficial to postoperative recovery of patients with cerebral aneurysm.
- In 73 children and young people with mild thalassemia, 3 months of carnitine with or without 1 mg folic acid reduced bone pain and muscle weakness, and folic acid raised red cell folate; the benefit was attributed mainly to carnitine.Determining and surveying the role of carnitine and folic acid to decrease fatigue in β-thalassemia minor subjects.
- In 92 patients with high blood pressure, magnesium at 320 mg a day reduced some complaints such as nervousness and sleep problems but had no effect on mental or physical fatigue.[Level of total and ionized magnesium fraction based on biochemical analysis of blood and hair and effect of supplemente…
- In 70 diabetic fatty liver patients, 1000 mg of nicotinamide daily for 12 weeks improved quality of life including the activity and fatigue scores versus no supplement, in an open-label trial.Nicotinamide supplementation in diabetic nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients: randomized controlled trial.
- In 61 hemodialysis patients, 100 mg of intravenous vitamin C after each session for 6 months did not improve energy-related quality of life or red blood cell production compared with no vitamin C.Effects of intravenous ascorbic acid on erythropoiesis and quality of life in unselected hemodialysis patients.
- In 14 trained male cyclists, 6 grams of pantothenic acid daily for 16 weeks did not change muscle coenzyme A levels or cycling performance compared with the control group.Chronic pantothenic acid supplementation does not affect muscle coenzyme A content or cycling performance.
- In 13 healthy adults, a single 2-hour inhalation of zinc oxide fume at 5 mg/m3 caused fever, muscle aches, cough, fatigue and raised blood IL-6, showing harm rather than benefit.Metal fume fever: characterization of clinical and plasma IL-6 responses in controlled human exposures to zinc oxide fum…
- In 12 healthy volunteers breathing low-oxygen air, one intravenous iron sucrose dose or saline placebo before 8 hours of low oxygen did not change maximal exercise capacity overall.Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction does not limit maximal exercise capacity in healthy volunteers breathing 12% oxygen a…
- In 6 trained cyclists and 6 untrained people, a single 22.2 g dose of calcium phosphate 90 minutes before exercise did not change oxygen uptake, time to exhaustion, or lactate compared with placebo.The effects of acute phosphate supplementation in subjects of different aerobic fitness levels.
- In 11 male runners, 4 days of calcium phosphate loading did not improve maximal aerobic capacity or time to exhaustion compared with placebo.Phosphate supplementation, cardiovascular function, and exercise performance in humans.
- In 10 healthy sedentary men, taking 300 mg of retinol daily for 4 weeks did not change blood lactate or most antioxidant measures after exhaustive exercise, though nitric oxide levels fell.Effect of vitamin A administration on free radicals and lactate levels in individuals exercised to exhaustion.
- In 9 students in a crossover trial, 4 weeks of thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide at 10 mg per kg body weight daily lowered blood lactate and ammonia during exercise and reduced perceived exertion compared with placebo.The effects of endurance training and thiamine supplementation on anti-fatigue during exercise.
- Nine trained cyclists exercising to fatigue at high intensity did not perform significantly differently on a glucose and electrolyte drink or an electrolyte-only drink than on a non-electrolyte placebo drink, although seven of nine rode longer on the active drinks.Fluid replacement drinks during high intensity exercise: effects on minimizing exercise-induced disturbances in homeosta…
- In 8 people with COPD, a single 2 g IV vitamin C dose compared with saline reduced quadriceps neuromuscular fatigue and lowered inflammatory C-reactive protein during exercise, but did not improve breathlessness or exercise tolerance.Ascorbate attenuates cycling exercise-induced neuromuscular fatigue but fails to improve exertional dyspnea and exercise…
- In 8 trained cyclists, phosphate raised a blood oxygen-delivery marker and time to exhaustion differed between conditions, but the authors said more work was needed to confirm any performance benefit.Phosphate loading and the effects on VO2max in trained cyclists.
- Eight healthy young men taking 6 grams of potassium-magnesium aspartate over 24 hours before a hard cycling test lasted about as long to exhaustion as those given placebo, so no endurance benefit was seen.The effects of oral administration of salts of aspartic acid on the metabolic response to prolonged exhausting exercise …
- In 8 men, an intravenous salt water infusion during hard cycling extended time to exhaustion to about 32 minutes versus 19 minutes with no infusion.Intravenous bicarbonate and sodium chloride both prolong endurance during intense cycle ergometer exercise.
- In 7 male triathletes, 6 weeks of a daily antioxidant capsule containing 600 mg ascorbic acid did not change maximal oxygen uptake or muscle fatigue compared with placebo.No effect of antioxidant supplementation in triathletes on maximal oxygen uptake, 31P-NMRS detected muscle energy metabo…
- In 6 healthy men, adding 1,000 IU vitamin E to coenzyme Q10 for 2 weeks did not change aerobic power or exercise economy.Muscle and plasma coenzyme Q10 concentration, aerobic power and exercise economy of healthy men in response to four week…
- In six healthy people, ammonium chloride that made the blood more acidic did not significantly change peak power or total work in a 30-second all-out cycling test compared with placebo.Effects of pH on maximal power output and fatigue during short-term dynamic exercise.
- In patients with muscle symptoms from meds and low vitamin D, six months of vitamin D replacement raised blood vitamin D levels and reduced pain by 63% compared with untreated controls, with better quality of life, but energy and fatigue were not directly measured.Read the study on PubMed (36346279) →
- Construction workers who drank riboflavin-fortified apple juice daily for 28 days reported less fatigue on fatigue questionnaires, along with improved antioxidant markers.Physicochemical properties of and volatile compounds in riboflavin fortified cloudy apple juice; study of its effect on …
- In a Sri Lankan tea plantation, anemic workers given iron picked significantly more tea over one month than those given placebo, and their daily activity levels also rose.Iron-deficiency anaemia and its effect on worker productivity and activity patterns.
- In 214 outpatients with COVID-19, 8000 mg ascorbic acid for 10 days did not shorten symptoms, including fatigue, compared with usual care.Effect of High-Dose Zinc and Ascorbic Acid Supplementation vs Usual Care on Symptom Length and Reduction Among Ambulator…
- In 201 pregnant women with persistent iron deficiency, a single 1000 mg intravenous iron dose improved fatigue more than daily oral iron at weeks 3 and 6, and the women stayed non-anemic for longer.Intravenous ferric derisomaltose versus oral iron for persistent iron deficient pregnant women: a randomised controlled …
- In 88 women newly diagnosed with breast cancer, 9 weeks of weekly vitamin D3 plus omega-3 lowered fatigue scores and reduced inflammation markers, but vitamin D alone did not produce significant changes.The effects of Omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D supplementation on the quality of life and blood inflammation markers i…
- In 85 women with severe fatigue after postpartum hemorrhage, a single 1200 milligram intravenous iron isomaltoside dose reduced physical fatigue more than oral iron over 12 weeks.Intravenous iron isomaltoside treatment of women suffering from severe fatigue after postpartum hemorrhage.
- In a single-arm study of 78 pregnant people with iron deficiency anemia, one 1000 mg intravenous dose of ferric derisomaltose raised mean hemoglobin by 1.3 g/dL by delivery and improved self-reported fatigue, with no major infusion reactions.Efficacy of Single-Dose Intravenous Ferric Derisomaltose for Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy.
- In an open-label pilot of 50 people with Parkinson disease, thiamine injections of 100 mg twice a week were followed by better motor and non-motor symptom scores over a mean follow-up of about 42 weeks, but without a placebo group.Long-Term Treatment with High-Dose Thiamine in Parkinson Disease: An Open-Label Pilot Study.
- In an open-label trial of 40 head and neck cancer survivors, 100 mg vitamin C tablets daily for 8 weeks gave less fatigue relief than Tualang honey.Effects of Tualang Honey on Cancer Related Fatigue: A Multicenter Open-label Trial of H&N Cancer Patients.
- In 39 patients with advanced cancer and weight loss, a 4-month regimen that included 30,000 IU a day of vitamin A along with other antioxidants, supplements, and drugs improved fatigue scores and lowered inflammatory cytokines, but it was an open study with no placebo group and vitamin A's effect could not be separated from the other ingredients.A phase II study with antioxidants, both in the diet and supplemented, pharmaconutritional support, progestagen, and ant…
- In a phase I safety study of 34 cancer patients given high-dose intravenous sodium selenite for 2 to 4 weeks, fatigue was among the most common side effects, though it was reversible.Pharmacokinetics and Toxicity of Sodium Selenite in the Treatment of Patients with Carcinoma in a Phase I Clinical Trial…
- In 28 patients with advanced lung cancer and low performance status, a multidrug regimen that included vitamin D was followed by improved fatigue and other general symptoms in most patients; there was no control group.Somatostatin, retinoids, melatonin, vitamin D, bromocriptine, and cyclophosphamide in advanced non-small-cell lung cance…
- In an open-label study of 27 people with myalgic encephalomyelitis (chronic fatigue syndrome), 200 mcg of selenium plus 400 mg of coenzyme Q10 daily for 8 weeks significantly reduced overall fatigue and lowered inflammatory and oxidative stress markers.Does Coenzyme Q10 Plus Selenium Supplementation Ameliorate Clinical Outcomes by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Inflamma…
- In 26 people with multiple sclerosis, taking 400 mg of sulbutiamine (a fat-soluble form of thiamine) once daily for two months significantly reduced fatigue scores, with the benefit seen mainly in those also taking disease-modifying treatment; the study had no placebo group.Sulbutiamine shows promising results in reducing fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis.
- In 26 adults with hypophosphatasia, eight weeks of a phosphorus-restricted diet did not significantly change fatigue scores or endurance measures, and the uncontrolled design limits conclusions.Impact of Restricted Phosphorus, Calcium-adjusted Diet on Musculoskeletal and Mental Health in Hypophosphatasia.
- In breast cancer patients taking 400 mg of magnesium oxide daily for 4 weeks, fatigue was significantly reduced, though this single-group pilot study had no placebo comparison.A pilot phase II trial of magnesium supplements to reduce menopausal hot flashes in breast cancer patients.
- In 24 women with fibromyalgia who completed a 4-week feasibility study, sprays of magnesium chloride on the arms and legs twice daily improved fibromyalgia impact and quality-of-life scores, though energy itself was not measured.Effects of transdermal magnesium chloride on quality of life for patients with fibromyalgia: a feasibility study.
- In a small uncontrolled pilot of 23 iron-deficient women, a daily food-derived supplement that also contained vitamin C was taken for 8 weeks, and self-reported energy improved, though vitamin C alone was not tested and there was no placebo group.A Food-Derived Dietary Supplement Containing a Low Dose of Iron Improved Markers of Iron Status Among Nonanemic Iron-Def…
- In an uncontrolled pilot study of 23 young women with iron deficiency anemia, 160 mg daily of ferrous sulfate for 8 weeks lowered fatigue scores and improved muscle endurance, but did not improve aerobic fitness or muscle strength.Efficacy of 8-week oral iron supplementation on fatigue and physical capacity in young women with iron deficiency anemia…
- Adults with refractory Hodgkin lymphoma given iodine-131 labeled antibody had mild grade 1 fatigue in 19 of 22 patients, with severe low blood counts in 7.Treatment of refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma patients with an iodine-131-labeled murine anti-CD30 monoclonal antibody.
- In 20 adolescent girls with iron deficiency and fatigue, intravenous iron sucrose led to clinically meaningful fatigue improvement in 19 of 20 at 6 weeks, with no control group.Intravenous iron therapy in non-anemic iron-deficient menstruating adolescent females with fatigue.
- In an open-label pilot of 15 retired football players, a daily multi-nutrient supplement that included vitamin D for 6 months was followed by improved vigor at 3 months and better general health ratings, but without a placebo group.The effect of dietary supplements on the quality of life of retired professional football players.
- In 12 symptomatic, severely vitamin D-deficient adults given cholecalciferol, muscle mitochondrial function improved and all participants reported less fatigue; there was no control group and the dose and duration were not stated.Improving the vitamin D status of vitamin D deficient adults is associated with improved mitochondrial oxidative functio…
- In an open-label pilot of 12 people with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease, high-dose oral thiamine (600 to 1500 mg daily, based on body weight) led to complete fatigue relief in 10 patients and nearly complete relief in the other 2 after about 20 days.Thiamine and fatigue in inflammatory bowel diseases: an open-label pilot study.
- In 11 people with nickel allergy and chronic hand eczema, a drug called Antabuse taken for 4 to 10 weeks was not studied for energy. Seven people reported side effects such as fatigue, headache and dizziness, and four stopped treatment because of them.Antabuse treatment of nickel dermatitis. Chelation--a new principle in the treatment of nickel dermatitis.
- In a small uncontrolled pilot of 10 homeless women taking alternate iron supplements for three months with nurse home visits, fatigue decreased and blood hematocrit rose, with few side effects.Side effects of alternative iron supplementation: a pilot study.
- In patients with inflammatory bowel disease, 300 mg of thiamine daily for 12 weeks did not significantly change fatigue compared with no thiamine, and fatigue rose over the study period for both groups.Long-term maintenance treatment with 300 mg thiamine for fatigue in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: results fr…
- In a large cohort of about 81,500 women aged 60 and older followed for a median of 16 years, higher magnesium intake was linked to a lower risk of frailty, with the top fifth of intake showing 12% lower risk than the bottom fifth.Total magnesium intake and risk of frailty in older women.
- In a survey of complementary medicine practitioners giving IV vitamin C (average 28 g every 4 days), 59 of 9,328 patients with data had lethargy or fatigue as a side effect, and most side effects were minor.Vitamin C: intravenous use by complementary and alternative medicine practitioners and adverse effects.
- In a survey of 4091 American adults, higher blood levels of two vitamin A forms, retinyl palmitate and retinyl stearate, were linked to less fatigue, but this link was not seen among the 272 people with a cancer history.Serum carotenoids and cancer-related fatigue: An analysis of the 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Sur…
- Among 2,584 thyroid cancer patients surveyed 2 to 4 years after diagnosis, receiving radioactive iodine treatment was linked to reporting worse energy than before treatment (odds ratio 1.31).Energy level and fatigue after surgery for thyroid cancer: A population-based study of patient-reported outcomes.
- In a chart review of 2142 people with fibromyalgia, 42.4% had vitamin B12 deficiency, and deficiency was linked to higher odds of fatigue (odds ratio 1.39) after adjusting for vitamin D.Association of Vitamin B12, Vitamin D, and Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone With Fatigue and Neurologic Symptoms in Patients …
- In 1676 people with colorectal cancer, higher blood levels of active vitamin B6 were linked with less fatigue and better quality of life six months after diagnosis, though this was not a supplement trial.Circulating B-vitamin biomarkers and B-vitamin supplement use in relation to quality of life in patients with colorectal…
- Among 1643 older Spanish adults followed for about 3.5 years, dietary vitamin A intake was not reported as linked to developing frailty, while low intakes of vitamins B6, C, E and folate were.Low vitamin intake is associated with risk of frailty in older adults.
- In a 90-day follow-up of 923 Indonesian COVID-19 survivors, vitamin C combined with other micronutrients and favipiravir did not significantly change post-COVID symptoms, including fatigue, which was the most common symptom.Vaccination status, favipiravir, and micronutrient supplementation roles in post-COVID symptoms: A longitudinal study.
- In a survey of 815 older Japanese adults, folic acid intake from diet was lower in people classed as prefrail, but this study did not measure energy and did not test folic acid supplementation.Association of Protein and Magnesium Intake with Prevalence of Prefrailty and Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Japane…
- In a population study of 750 adults, people with both low selenium and antibodies against selenoprotein P had about twice the prevalence of persistent fatigue after coronavirus infection.Low serum selenium combined with SELENOP-autoantibodies are associated with persistent fatigue after SARS-CoV-2 infectio…
- In a cross-sectional study of 714 steel workers, those exposed to occupational vanadium reported more fatigue and inertia on a mood scale than unexposed workers; this was workplace exposure, not a supplement.Vanadium exposure-induced neurobehavioral alterations among Chinese workers.
- In a retrospective study of 689 children without complaints, 23.2% had vitamin B12 deficiency and it was linked to vitamin D deficiency, but no supplement was tested for energy.Is There An Association Between Vitamin B12 Level and Vitamin D Status in Children?
- In a survey of 576 people in Syria who had COVID-19, 76.4% reported using vitamin C, but the survey did not measure whether vitamin C improved energy or fatigue, and fatigue was the most reported symptom.COVID-19 infected patients' experiences in Syria, and the role of the pharmacists during their infection.
- In a cross-sectional study of 547 children, higher vanadium in classroom dust was independently associated with more fatigue; this was environmental exposure, not a supplement.A cross-sectional analysis of air pollution in primary schools and children fatigue.
- In 530 older postmenopausal women, blood vitamin D levels were not clearly linked to energy or fatigue symptoms after adjustment; this was a measurement of existing levels, not a supplement trial.Vitamin D levels and menopause-related symptoms.
- In a survey of 499 postpartum women in Saudi Arabia, fatigue was linked to lower physical activity, but thiamine intake was only a statistical adjustment factor and was not tested as a treatment for energy.Physical activity patterns among women during the postpartum period: an insight into the potential impact of perceived f…
- In 411 dentists and their wives, people who took little vitamin C reported about double the number of fatigue symptoms compared with those who took more.Daily vitamin C consumption and fatigability.
- In 335 older adults, vitamin B12 levels were not associated with frailty, and no supplement was tested.Association between serum vitamin B12 level and frailty in older adults.
- Women with silicone breast implants had more autoantibodies than controls, a possible immune concern; this study did not test silicon supplements and did not measure energy.Multiple autoantibodies in patients with silicone breast implants.
- In 186 cancer patients with iron deficiency, intravenous iron was followed by better quality of life, fatigue scores, and physical function, though there was no control group.Impact of Iron-Deficiency Management on Quality of Life in Patients with Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study (CAMARA Stud…
- In a prospective study of 146 people with fatigue after COVID-19 who took Astenor Energy, a product containing arginine aspartate, vitamin B6, biotin and magnesium, fatigue scores fell over three months of treatment, but there was no placebo group and biotin's effect could not be separated from the other ingredients.The Effects of Arginine-Based Supplements on Fatigue Levels following COVID-19 Infection: A Prospective Study in Romania…
- In a retrospective German cohort of 125 breast cancer patients, adding intravenous vitamin C of 7.5 g for at least 4 weeks was associated with fewer treatment side effects, including fatigue, than no added vitamin C.Intravenous vitamin C administration improves quality of life in breast cancer patients during chemo-/radiotherapy and a…
- Women with fibromyalgia had lower vitamin B12 levels than 58 healthy women, and lower levels were linked to more tender points, though this study did not test supplements.Could ferritin, vitamin B12, and vitamin D play a role in the etiopathogenesis of fibromyalgia syndrome?
- In people with irritable bowel syndrome, lower vitamin B6 intake was linked with more fatigue, but this was an observational association within a diet study and not a test of vitamin B6 supplements.Poor intake of vitamins and minerals is associated with symptoms among patients with irritable bowel syndrome.
- In a study of 101 people with multiple sclerosis, lower dietary folate intake was linked to higher fatigue scores, but this cross-sectional study cannot show that folate changes fatigue.Dietary intake of nutrients and its correlation with fatigue in multiple sclerosis patients.
- Red blood cell magnesium was normal in 89 people with chronic fatigue syndrome, and a magnesium loading test in 6 of them found no deficiency, so the authors saw no reason to use magnesium treatment for this condition.Normal red cell magnesium concentrations and magnesium loading tests in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome.
- In 87 people, including 48 with epilepsy, selenium levels were higher in epilepsy patients, but selenium levels did not differ between people with and without fatigue.The Relationship of Fatigue and Depression with Trace Element Levels in Epileptic Patients.
- In a retrospective chart review of 86 cancer patients given high-dose IV vitamin C (50 to 150 g per infusion), patients overall reported improved fatigue, pain, and mood, with temporary nausea and injection-site discomfort as the most common side effects.Retrospective Evaluation of Clinical Experience With Intravenous Ascorbic Acid in Patients With Cancer.
- In a study of 84 gold jewellery workers, vanadium in urine was higher than in controls and some workers reported fatigue, but the abstract does not link the fatigue to vanadium; this was occupational exposure, not a supplement.Exposure to mercury and toxic trace elements in waste gold extraction in Sri Lanka: A study on an under-recognised occup…
- In 82 people (41 with rheumatoid arthritis), vitamin D supplementation over about 9 months was linked with better fatigue scores, though the dose was not stated and there was no placebo group.Associations of Vitamin D Levels and Vitamin D Receptor Genotypes with Patient-Reported Outcome/Disease Activity in Pati…
- In 67 adults with shingles, about 2 weeks of intravenous vitamin C alongside standard treatment was followed by reduced pain and less general fatigue, but the study had no placebo group.Intravenous vitamin C in the treatment of shingles: results of a multicenter prospective cohort study.
- In COVID-19 survivors with lingering fatigue, a multi-ingredient supplement containing vitamin B6 improved strength and walking performance over 8 weeks compared with a control group, but vitamin B6 was not tested alone.Effects of a New Multicomponent Nutritional Supplement on Muscle Mass and Physical Performance in Adult and Old Patients…
- In 32 people with fibromyalgia and 32 healthy controls, serum selenium levels did not differ between groups, and the abstract links fatigue to magnesium levels rather than selenium.The relationship between serum trace element levels and clinical parameters in patients with fibromyalgia.
- In a retrospective review of 58 stroke survivors with fatigue, all who were treated for low vitamin D had significant improvement in fatigue; there was no control group.Does Vitamin D Deficiency Predispose to Post Stroke Fatigue?
- Vitamin B12 levels were normal in 55 people with primary fibromyalgia, who reported muscle fatigue as one of their most disabling symptoms.Primary fibromyalgia. A clinical and laboratory study of 55 patients.
- In 43 women with breast implants, tissue silicon levels were not linked to connective tissue disease; this study did not test silicon supplements and did not measure energy.Silicon analysis of breast and capsular tissue from patients with saline or silicone gel breast implants: II. Correlatio…
- In a Swedish registry of 40 adults with a med-associated multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, 38 of 39 treated with riboflavin clinically improved, including reduced fatigue and muscle symptoms.Read the study on PubMed (41808636) →
- In a 7-day diary study of 20 adults with hypophosphatasia and 20 matched controls, vitamin B6 intake did not differ significantly between groups, and the study did not measure energy levels directly.Mineral Intake and Clinical Symptoms in Adult Patients with Hypophosphatasia.
- In a survey of 38 people with chronic fatigue syndrome or fibromyalgia, those who rated themselves most improved had taken higher daily amounts of oral folic acid along with frequent vitamin B12 injections, but the survey cannot show folic acid caused the improvement.Response to vitamin B12 and folic acid in myalgic encephalomyelitis and fibromyalgia.
- In a retrospective review of 38 children with neurological symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency, all recovered within one month of B12 supplementation; fatigue was among the symptoms but was not reported separately.Neurological symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency: analysis of pediatric patients.
- In a study of 37 adults with pulmonary arterial hypertension, 29% had a functional vitamin B12 deficiency, but no supplement was tested, so the study does not show whether B12 improves energy.Nutritional status in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
- In a small cross-sectional study of 30 patients with titanium dental implants, vanadium levels in blood and hair were not linked to fatigue questionnaire scores; this was exposure from implants, not a vanadium supplement.Dental Implant Corrosion Products May Accumulate in the Human Body.
- In 27 well-trained endurance athletes, plasma manganese and other trace elements did not change across different levels of cycling exercise intensity, and no link to energy use was found.Plasma trace elements levels are not altered by submaximal exercise intensities in well-trained endurance euhydrated ath…
- In 25 patients with multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, those whose condition responded to riboflavin had favorable outcomes, while non-responders had more severe early illness.Determinants of Riboflavin Responsiveness in Multiple Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency.
- Children treated for thyroid cancer with surgery and radioactive iodine had fatigue as one of their long-term adverse events, reported in 5 of 25 children.Frequent adverse events after treatment for childhood-onset differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a single institute experie…
- This study of 22 women compared jaw muscle oxygen use during chewing on a silicone device and found lower oxygen extraction in women with jaw disorder; it did not test silicon as a supplement and did not measure energy.Patients with myogenic temporomandibular disorders have reduced oxygen extraction in the masseter muscle.
- In a small case series of 20 infants with vitamin B12 deficiency, who were treated with cyanocobalamin, clinical and lab findings improved overall, though energy was not separately reported and the dose and duration were not stated.Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Infants.
- In 19 people with multiple sclerosis, those on a less inflammatory diet, which had higher vitamin B6 intake, reported more energy and fewer symptoms than those on a more inflammatory diet.Assessment of Functional Status in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Based on the Inflammatory Potential of Their Diet.
- In 17 well-trained endurance athletes during incremental cycling, plasma manganese levels were not linked to stress hormones, blood sugar, or fats, though zinc and selenium did vary with exercise intensity.Plasma levels of trace elements and exercise induced stress hormones in well-trained athletes.
- In 10 patients with late-onset multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, high-dose riboflavin at 400 mg daily produced rapid muscle strength improvement, though neuropathic symptoms did not improve.Diagnostic Challenges in Late Onset Multiple Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency: Clinical, Morphological, and Genetic Asp…
- All 5 people with ALS who received methylcobalamin injections reported more energy and less fatigue, based on interviews; the dose was not stated.Patients' experiences with methylcobalamin injections in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
- In a case series of 19 adults with a rare bone disorder, four patients given empirical pyridoxine (vitamin B6) did not get symptom relief, including fatigue.Hypophosphatasia in Adults: Clinical Spectrum and Its Association With Genetics and Metabolic Substrates.
- Apart from hypothyroid fatigue, children with thyroid cancer given a tracer dose of radioactive iodine for scans reported no symptoms.124-iodine positron emission tomography/computed tomography dosimetry in pediatric patients with differentiated thyroid …
- In lymphoma survivors, a higher vitamin B6 breakdown marker was associated with a greater risk of chronic cancer-related fatigue, pointing to low-grade inflammation as a possible cause.Metabolic analysis of amino acids and vitamin B6 pathways in lymphoma survivors with cancer related chronic fatigue.
- A survey of U.S. adults found that drinkers had higher energy intake than non-drinkers, but their diets were less nutrient dense, including for calcium; the survey did not test calcium for energy.Alcohol consumption and nutrient density of diets in the Nationwide Food Consumption Survey.
- This survey of hypothetical scenarios found people kept taking B12 for fatigue after a small symptom improvement, showing post hoc bias rather than any real effect of B12 on energy.Post Hoc Bias in Treatment Decisions.
- In this comparison of 184 young Turkish women with painful periods and 184 without, women with painful periods had lower vitamin D levels, and those with low vitamin D reported more fatigue, depression and irritability. This was an observational association, not a supplement trial.Serum vitamin D concentrations in young Turkish women with primary dysmenorrhea: A randomized controlled study.
- In 78 people with chronic fatigue syndrome, 1200 mg of sustained-release sodium chloride for 3 weeks was given to 22 with low blood pressure on standing; 11 of these 22 reported improved symptoms over 8 weeks, while 10 still had the blood pressure drop.Pathogenesis and management of delayed orthostatic hypotension in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome.
- This baseline analysis of 65 adults with self-reported gluten sensitivity on a gluten-free diet found low vitamin D intake and reported tiredness and fatigue among their symptoms, but it did not test vitamin D supplementation or its effect on energy.Dietary and symptom assessment in adults with self-reported non-coeliac gluten sensitivity.
- In 47 patients waiting for a liver transplant, dietary phosphorus intake rose over 12 weeks of nutritional counseling, but the study did not test phosphorus for energy and only 25.5% met nutritional goals.Effect of a 12-week nutritional intervention in the food intake of patients on the waiting list for liver transplantatio…
- In 40 octogenarians with anemia and resistant heart failure, a combined treatment of erythropoietin and intravenous iron sucrose improved heart function, shortness of breath, and fatigue, though iron was not tested alone.Effect of correction of anemia with erythropoietin and intravenous iron in resistant heart failure in octogenarians.
- In a small cross-sectional pilot of 23 people with multiple sclerosis, vitamin D intake from food was only weakly and not clearly linked to physical capacity or fatigue.Is diet associated with physical capacity and fatigue in persons with multiple sclerosis? -Results from a pilot study.
- In 21 patients with inflammatory bowel disease who finished 8 weeks of oral liposomal iron, fatigue scores fell by an average of 9.2 points in an uncontrolled pilot study.Treatment of iron deficiency anemia with liposomal iron in inflammatory bowel disease: efficacy and impact on quality of…
- In a large family with an inherited mitochondrial muscle mutation, riboflavin given to two affected members did not improve their exercise intolerance or fatigue.Benign mitochondrial myopathy with exercise intolerance in a large multigeneration family due to a homoplasmic m.3250T>C…
- In hypertensive patients, a nicotinamide mononucleotide supplement lowered blood pressure and improved vascular function, but energy was not measured.NAD+ exhaustion by CD38 upregulation contributes to blood pressure elevation and vascular damage in hypertension.
- In this mostly lab and animal study, nicotinamide with pyridoxine helped muscle stem cells regenerate muscle and improved strength in animals, but energy was not measured.Nicotinamide and pyridoxine stimulate muscle stem cell expansion and enhance regenerative capacity during aging.
- In a rat study lasting 6 weeks, chromium picolinate added to the diet lowered blood sugar, total cholesterol, and triglycerides and reduced oxidative stress, with a stronger effect in rats that exercised regularly. This was an animal study, not a human trial.The effects of chromium picolinate on glucose and lipid metabolism in running rats.
- In mice, biotin deficiency shortened swimming time in a forced-swim test, suggesting fatigue or low mood, and a single biotin injection quickly restored swimming time; this was an animal study with no human data.Experimental study of fatigue provoked by biotin deficiency in mice.
- In exhausted rats, a daily mix of ten nutrients including a small biotin dose (0.1 mg per kg) let them run longer, reduced oxidative damage, and increased mitochondrial proteins in muscle compared with rats given no supplement; this was an animal study and biotin's effect alone was not isolated.Mitochondrial nutrients stimulate performance and mitochondrial biogenesis in exhaustively exercised rats.
- In mice, pantothenate deficiency lowered tissue levels of coenzyme A and glycogen stores and shortened running time to exhaustion compared with supplemented mice.The effect of pantothenate deficiency in mice on their metabolic response to fast and exercise.
- In rats given a multi-ingredient energy formula containing niacin-bound chromium (0.45% of the formula) for 90 days, heart energy levels and heart function after an induced blood-flow interruption improved. The chromium was not tested alone, and this was an animal study.Enhanced cardiovascular function and energy level by a novel chromium (III)-supplement.
Review Totals and Summary
Members Only2,990 reviews · 92% positive
2,990 reviews · IHerb 1,337 · Walgreens 582 · Amazon 528 · Centrum website 381 · Walmart 162
92% positive3% neutral5% negative
Centrum Adults tablets are well regarded overall, with about 2,408 ratings across the stores. Most buyers praise the quality, the price and the convenience of one daily tablet. The main complaints are short expiry dates on shipped stock and stomach upset for some people. Reviews of capsules were left out, and this summary covers the tablets only. **What buyers say it did for them:** Many describe a steady daily habit that they trust, and some notice more energy. One says, "I actually feel much better" and another says they were "less susceptible to colds and felt more energetic." Others mention immunity support and a sense of peace of mind when their diet is irregular. Long-term users are common: "Have been taking this vitamin for over 20yrs." One reviewer who had switched from a cheaper brand said the Centrum label listed minerals like iron that the other product lacked. **What buyers complain about:** The biggest complaint, mainly on Amazon, is expiry. Buyers say bottles arrived close to their date: "EXPIRATION DATE IS VERY NEAR." Another says the vitamins "expire in 8 months." One buyer said the small bottle was missing from the order. On Walmart, one buyer received a bottle with no box and mismatched lot numbers. A few people had stomach trouble: "I get crampy stomach aches after taking this." Another reviewer felt sick after three days, and a one-star reviewer found it too strong and advised asking a doctor first. One reviewer who felt nauseated swallowing it whole links this to the iron content and grinds it into breakfast. The iHerb summary also mentions a bottle that is hard to open, and one reviewer who found potency somewhat low on some ingredients. **Taste, smell and size:** Reviewers mostly find the tablets easy to take. One says "The pills are easy to swallow. There is no aftertaste." Another says there is "no taste." Others report no smell and a manageable size. One reviewer said the B2 complex and vitamin D cause noticeable effects like hunger. **Value for money:** Price and supply get a lot of praise, especially for the large bottle. One says "Great price for large supply. Will last me for a year +." Another calls it "Great value." The iHerb page says the 200-count bottle lasts for months. A smaller group questions the very large 425-count size: "It's wastage of money and time." **Who it suits and who it did not:** It seems to suit adults who want a simple, reliable daily multivitamin to cover nutritional gaps, including people with busy schedules, families sharing a bottle and long-time Centrum users. One reviewer's son, aged 20, takes it daily. It was less suitable for people prone to stomach upset or who find the tablet hard to swallow whole. Buyers who care about shelf life may want to check the expiry date on arrival, particularly on Amazon.
Biohacker Summary
Members Only9 of 10 recommend it
9 of 10 biohackers on our panel recommend it
Magnesium is the main ingredient, and all ten panelists spoke about it. Four of them say they use it, one recommends it, and the rest are neutral but mostly discuss it positively. Sleep is the main reason, and several name the glycinate or threonate forms for bedtime, with one taking 400 mg of threonate before bed. Others mention it for muscle recovery, workout performance with a 30 mg electrolyte drink, blood pressure at a median of 368 mg a day in trials, and one uses it during surgery. Cautions are that one panelist says magnesium does not fix waking in the night, and another warns that labels can make a dose look larger than it is. Vitamin D is a smaller ingredient in this product that many on the panel also take or recommend.
See all 10 biohackers →Hide the biohackers
Dr. Mark Hyman · Magnesium · uses
- Recommends considering magnesium glycinate before bed for nervous system support, deeper sleep quality, and to help the body transition into rest, and states that they take it every night.
- Recommends Vitamin D for health, stating that amazing things happen when patients' vitamin D statuses reach optimal levels.
- Recommends Magnesium Breakthrough Advanced 10 from Bioptimizers for restful sleep, muscle recovery, stress resilience, and metabolic health, especially during stressful times of the year.
- Mentions iron as an existing biomarker that plays a role in mental health, which Function Health includes in their measurements.
- Mentions vitamin D as an existing biomarker that plays a role in mental health, which Function Health includes in their measurements.
- Notes that vitamin D plays a role in immune function.
- Mentions that vitamin A levels can be looked at to get a deep sense of what's happening with nutrient levels.
- Warns that potassium bromate, a dough conditioner banned in the EU, UK, and Canada, is still allowed in U.S. bread.
- Recommends magnesium because it is involved in over 600 reactions in the body and up to 80% of people may have low levels that never get flagged on a standard blood test.
- Recommends magnesium as a basic supplement during detoxification to support pathways, help with constipation, and provide electrolytes.
- Recommends vitamin C as a basic supplement during detoxification to help with inflammation and detoxification.
- Recommends checking vitamin D levels and states that if they had to pick one single intervention for immune health, vitamin D would be it.
- Recommends Magnesium Breakthrough Advanced 10 from Biooptimizers, which contains 10 bioavailable forms and 550 mg of elemental magnesium, to support restful sleep, restorative sleep, muscle recovery, stress resilience, and metabolic health.
- Dr. Hyman discusses vitamin D in relation to sun exposure patterns.
Dave Asprey · Magnesium · neutral
- Mentions magnesium in the context of sleep but states that it doesn't address the core issue of waking up during the night.
- Takes Vitamin DAKE from Suppgrade Labs.
- Suggests that magnesium may help slow aging, support cellular repair, and improve sleep.
- Suggests that vitamin D supports brain health, muscle function, and focus.
- Recommends taking vitamin C for better skin health.
- States that magnesium can affect how the body responds to a supplement.
- Host Dave Asprey explains why correcting a vitamin D deficiency still makes sense for male fertility, even though supplementation did not improve overall semen parameters in a randomized trial.
- States that currently, he is only taking vitamin C and vitamin D.
- States that currently, he is only taking vitamin C and vitamin D.
- Dave Asprey's kids get a little bit of vitamin E every day, which helps to stabilize the bad oils they get when eating at restaurants.
- Recommends taking vitamin K2 with vitamin D to keep calcium in the bones, and suggests kids also take it for stronger bones.
- Recommends Vitamin K2, stating it supports healthy calcium metabolism.
- Developed a nonnano zinc sunscreen over five years, stating her skin is probably better now than it's ever been.
- Recommends fixing sleep with 300mg of Magnesium 101 before bed if diet and exercise aren't melting stubborn belly fat.
Dr. Eric Berg · Magnesium · neutral
- Dr. Eric Berg states that magnesium supports energy, muscle function, and sleep, and that most of it is stored inside cells, making deficiencies harder to detect with a standard blood test.
- Dr. Berg warns that the recommended daily intake for vitamin D is based on a massive error and that the actual necessary amount is closer to 8,895 IU, with millions remaining deficient.
- Recommends getting vitamin D levels tested to ensure they are between 50 and 70, as vitamin D is intimately involved in regulating prostate size.
- Discusses foods that contain Vitamin K2.
- Recommends ensuring sufficient zinc intake because the prostate needs enough zinc for the conversion from testosterone to DHT to be smooth and optimized.
- Identifies iron as the Achilles' heel of cancer, as it is needed for its DNA to replicate.
- Recommends taking at least 10,000 IUs of vitamin D3 every single day in the winter, stating it is the most important vitamin to lower cancer risk.
- Recommends vitamin D to support the immune system, aiming for blood levels between 80 to 100 ng per ml.
- States that people need more potassium than any other mineral, yet most people aren’t getting enough.
- Notes that magnesium could also be a factor in preventing muscle cramps.
- Explains that potassium is essential for peristalsis, the pumping action through the colon, and without it, things can sit there, leading to constipation.
- Mentions that lemon is loaded with vitamin C, and when combined with coffee, vitamin C significantly increases the bioavailability of antioxidants in the coffee.
- Recommends magnesium, specifically magnesium glycinate, stating it is key for D3 and K2 to work and is probably more important than calcium for building bone.
- Recommends increasing magnesium to restore balance and support healthy blood pressure.
Ben Greenfield · Magnesium · uses
- Uses magnesium during surgery because it is neuroprotective.
- Mentions that overshooting zinc can lead to a copper deficiency, highlighting the interplay between these elements.
- Ben Greenfield's formulation includes 30 grams of zinc a day, taken for one week before surgery and two weeks after, as it is an important cofactor for wound healing.
- Mentions a recent study showing no significant increase in bleeding for patients on Vitamin E supplementation during open heart surgery, which was interesting for him to learn.
- States that vitamin C is extremely important for collagen turnover and cites orthopedic data showing that 500 mg to 1 g of vitamin C can reduce the rate of complex regional pain in total knee replacements and wrist fractures.
- Notes that Vitamin D is actually a hormone and recommends patients aim for levels around 40 to 50, or even 60 for fracture healing, for optimal healing, as opposed to just above 20 which is considered normal.
- Says he is drinking LMNT, which contains sodium, potassium, and magnesium, and states that he actually drinks this stuff.
- Says he is drinking LMNT, which contains sodium, potassium, and magnesium, and states that he actually drinks this stuff.
- Notes that Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that supports healthy skin cell turnover.
- Mentions magnesium as part of a bare-minimum protocol.
- Advises getting red blood cell magnesium levels to the high end of the range as a minimum step for overall health and to slow down heart disease.
- Mentions vitamin C as part of a bare-minimum protocol.
- Mentions vitamin D as part of a bare-minimum protocol.
- Advises getting vitamin D levels between 60 and 100 nanograms per milliliter as a minimum step for overall health and to slow down heart disease.
Dr. Rhonda Patrick · Magnesium · neutral
- Magnesium supplementation has lowered blood pressure in randomized controlled trials. An analysis of 34 trials involving over 2,000 participants found modest reductions in both systolic and diastolic pressure, with a median dose of 368 mg/day.
- Warns that some magnesium supplements make the dose look much larger than it really is and that labels can fool people.
- Vitamin D supplementation was linked to a 40% lower risk of dementia in an observational study of more than 12,000 older adults.
- Mentions that vitamin D also plays a role in maintaining muscle mass.
- Mentions magnesium as an important nutrient component for testosterone.
- Notes that not getting enough zinc can affect testosterone, as zinc is very important for testosterone synthesis.
- Warns that some supplement companies mislead consumers by listing the total compound weight of magnesium citrate as the elemental magnesium dose, when the actual elemental magnesium content is much lower, potentially around 44-66 milligrams.
- Recommends ensuring adequate vitamin D intake for men's sperm health.
- Recommends men take a 30 milligram zinc supplement for sperm health when preparing for IVF.
- Recommends a combination of methyl folate and folic acid, as folic acid has been shown to reduce neural tube defects.
- Vitamin D and strength training alone did not, but adding them strengthened the effect on one clock, with the full combination slowing that measure by ~3.8 months.
- States there is not yet strong, consistent evidence that magnesium supplementation reliably improves sleep, noting that while some meta-analyses suggest it can improve sleep quality scores, sleep efficiency, and sleep duration, individual studies are inconsistent and several have found no meaningful effect.
- Lutein and zeaxanthin can also be obtained from certain multivitamins.
- Lutein and zeaxanthin can also be obtained from certain multivitamins.
Thomas DeLauer · Magnesium · uses
- Uses Element's cans which contain 30 milligram magnesium, finding that electrolytes help his workout performance.
- Uses Element's cans which contain 100 milligram potassium, finding that electrolytes help his workout performance.
- Recommends taking vitamin C along with collagen about an hour before a workout for connective tissue benefits.
- Uses Element's 30 mg magnesium cans first thing in the morning to prime his day and help with workout performance.
- Uses Element's 100 mg potassium cans first thing in the morning to prime his day and help with workout performance.
- Recommends magnesium around the time one would normally break a fast to calm the brain and dull feelings of conditioned hunger.
- Uses vitamin C as part of their immunity duo, stating it is important for boosting the immune system, especially during cold and flu season.
- Adds zinc to their immunity duo because it helps them absorb vitamin C, considering the two together a fantastic combination for fall and winter.
- Uses vitamin D3 in the fall and winter months when getting less sun, as it's important to supplement it then.
- Recommends taking a massive amount of vitamin D simultaneously with an early morning massive breakfast to help reset circadian rhythms and address hyperphagia.
- Warns that consuming too many leafy greens can lead to an accumulation of nickel, potentially causing an allergy.
- Recommends Vitamin B12 for mental health and mood, explaining its role in myelination and neurotransmitter production. They specifically recommend a liposomal and micellar form of methylcobalamin B12 for better absorption and to avoid toxicity.
- Recommends magnesium, noting it is a cofactor for enzymes that build neurotransmitters, and deficiency can affect mood, happiness, and motivation.
- Recommends zinc, noting it is a cofactor for enzymes that build neurotransmitters, and deficiency can affect mood, happiness, and motivation.
Siim Land · Magnesium · recommends
- States that Magnesium can be a useful addition for some people for sleep.
- Advises against taking vitamin D in the morning with other supplements because it is fat soluble and requires dietary fat for better absorption.
- Recommends taking Vitamin D with fat for better absorption.
- Recommends taking vitamin C with collagen to support joint collagen synthesis.
- States that Vitamin D connects biology to light and that UVB reaching the skin enables its production.
- Mentions that iron is a mineral necessary for making collagen.
- States that vitamin C is needed for initiating collagen synthesis and that higher vitamin C intake appears to increase vitamin C content in the skin.
- Mentions that copper is a mineral necessary for making collagen.
- Recommends magnesium for sleep, especially deep sleep, and suggests trying better types like Threonate, Biscinate, or Torate, referencing a study where magnesium supplementation improved deep sleep.
- Notes that Vitamin K2 helps activate proteins involved in bone mineralization and calcium regulation.
- Mentions that prunes contain vitamin K, which is a factor in their ability to help with bone density.
- Recommends Magnesium for blood pressure, migraines and deficiency, based primarily on human research, especially randomized controlled trials showing measurable benefits.
- Recommends Vitamin K2 for bone health and calcium metabolism, based primarily on human research, especially randomized controlled trials showing measurable benefits.
- Lists Magnesium as one of 15 supplements backed by human studies.
Andrew Huberman · Magnesium · neutral
- Discusses Magnesium Threonate as a tool for falling asleep.
- Zinc carnosine to support and improve the lining of your gut.
- Notes that AG1 Pro contains zinc carnosine to support and improve the lining of the gut.
- States that AG1 Pro contains zinc carnosine to support and improve the lining of the gut.
- Uses AG1 Pro, which contains zinc carnosine to support and improve the lining of the gut.
- States that AG1 Pro contains zinc carnosine to support and improve the lining of the gut, and he was already taking some of these ingredients separately.
- States that AG1 Pro includes zinc carnosine, which he was already taking separately, to support and improve the lining of the gut.
- Notes that most people are probably deficient in vitamin D and benefit from supplementing, but there's no point in doing it unless you're deficient for most things.
- Personally takes zinc carnosine, which is included in AG1 Pro to support and improve the lining of the gut.
- AG1 Pro has zinc carnosine to support and improve the lining of your gut. Some of these ingredients I personally was already taking separate from the AG1 formula.
- States that AG1 Pro contains zinc carnosine to support and improve the lining of your gut.
- Uses AG1 Pro, which contains zinc carnosine to support and improve the lining of the gut.
- Takes 400 mg of Magnesium Threonate before bed for sleep.
- Takes 5,000 IU of Vitamin D3 in the morning for longevity.
Bryan Johnson · Magnesium · uses
- Takes 400 mg of Magnesium Threonate before bed for sleep.
- Takes 90 mcg of Vitamin K2 in the morning for general health.
- Takes 5000 IU of Vitamin D3 in the morning for general health.
- Takes 400 mg of Magnesium L-Threonate before bed for sleep.
- Takes 5000 IU of Vitamin D3 in the morning for general health.
- Has had low iron for 11 years and despite eating meat and trying all forms of iron supplementation at different times and sequences, none of it worked to raise his iron or ferritin levels.
- Had low iron for 11 years, with ferritin averaging 38 ng/mL, and has finally boosted it back to healthy levels.
- Mentions that the sunlight assessment claims low vitamin D levels cause the immune system to misfire, and notes that their vitamin D has been measured.
- Takes 400 mg of Magnesium Threonate before bed for sleep.
- Takes 100 mcg of Vitamin K2 in the morning for longevity.
- Takes 5000 IU of Vitamin D3 in the morning for longevity.
- Takes 15 mg of Zinc in the morning for longevity.
- He takes 400 mg of Double Wood Magnesium L-Threonate before bed for sleep.
- He takes 100 mcg of Vitamin K2 in the morning for general health.
Peter Attia · Magnesium · neutral
- Peter reviews the evidence for select off-label medications and supplements commonly used for sleep, including glycine, magnesium, ashwagandha, and phosphatidylserine.
- States there is some evidence that increasing dietary potassium through potassium-rich foods like bananas and potatoes, rather than supplements, can lower blood pressure.
- Suggests that zinc and magnesium could potentially help with vasodilation and sleep, particularly for women experiencing severe symptoms in the luteal phase.
- Lists vitamin D as one of her staple supplements.
- Suggests that zinc and magnesium could potentially help with vasodilation and sleep, particularly for women experiencing severe symptoms in the luteal phase.
- Discusses the dangers of supplementing with high levels of iodine.
- Notes that several studies show patients taking vitamin D can reduce TPO levels and prolong the honeymoon period of Hashimoto's disease.
- Warns that high-dose iodine supplementation carries a risk of autoimmune thyroid disease, citing increased incidence in Japan due to higher dietary iodine intake.
- Notes that several studies show patients taking selenium can reduce TPO levels and prolong the honeymoon period of Hashimoto's disease.
- Peter discusses electrolytes and fiber and the ketogenic diet, specifically preventing magnesium loss.
- States that in mouse studies, there was a combined effect of alpha ketoglutarate with vitamin D for both sexes.
- Notes that in mouse studies, there was a combined effect of alpha ketoglutarate with vitamin A for male mice.
- Uses vitamin D as an example of how people might dismiss its efficacy due to failed clinical trials that didn't adjust the dose or measure levels.
- In mouse studies, Peter Attia's team found a combined effect of AKG with Vitamin D for both sexes.
RAL Summary
Members OnlyTier 2 for Energy
Human studies of Magnesium show 80% of people improved where it was measured (7 of 19 human studies showed an improvement), and 92% of 3000 reviews are positive. The final check notes: The tier rests on magnesium's 80 percent figure, which came from weekly magnesium injections in chronic fatigue syndrome, not an oral tablet like this one, although iron and vitamin D at the two-tablet dose still give clear human support for tier 2.
Take 2 servings a day (2 tablets) to match the dose that worked in the studies.
Where the evidence disagrees: 151 of the 329 human studies found no effect.
More Details
Members OnlyBody systems · Combine with · Possible side effects
Body systems: Blood, Nervous system, Muscular system, Immune system, Digestive system
Combine with: For mood support, pair this multivitamin with targeted ingredients. Omega-3 fish oil (providing 1,000 mg or more of combined EPA and DHA, EPA-dominant) has the best evidence for supporting mood. Additional vitamin D3 (if blood levels are low) and magnesium glycinate may help emotional balance and relaxation. Saffron extract (about 30 mg daily) and L-methylfolate or methylcobalamin may support serotonin and methylation pathways. Ashwagandha or L-theanine can help with stress-related mood swings, and probiotics may support the gut-brain axis. Check with a healthcare provider before combining these with meds or other medications, particularly 5-HTP or St. John's Wort, which can interact dangerously with meds.
Possible side effects: Some buyers reported stomach cramps, nausea or feeling sick, with one linking it to the iron. High-dose niacin can cause flushing, stomach upset and fatigue, though the dose here is low.
Supplement Facts
Vitamin A 3500 IU · Vitamin C 60 mg · Vitamin D 1000 IU
Supplement Facts
Serving Size 1 Tablet(s)
Amount Per Serving% Daily Value
| Vitamin A | 3,500 IU | |
| Vitamin C | 60 mg | |
| Vitamin D | 1,000 IU | |
| Vitamin E | 30 IU | |
| Vitamin K | 25 mcg | |
| Thiamine | 1.5 mg | |
| Riboflavin | 1.7 mg | |
| Niacin | 20 mg | |
| Vitamin B6 | 2 mg | |
| Folic Acid | 400 mcg | |
| Vitamin B12 | 6 mcg | |
| Biotin | 30 mcg | |
| Pantothenic Acid | 10 mg | |
| Calcium | 200 mg | |
| Iron | 18 mg | |
| Phosphorus | 20 mg | |
| Iodine | 150 mcg | |
| Magnesium | 50 mg | |
| Zinc | 11 mg | |
| Selenium | 55 mcg | |
| Copper | 0.5 mg | |
| Manganese | 2.3 mg | |
| Chromium | 35 mcg | |
| Molybdenum | 45 mcg | |
| Chloride | 72 mg | |
| Potassium | 80 mg | |
| Nickel | 5 mcg | † |
| Silicon | 2 mg | † |
| Tin | 10 mcg | † |
| Vanadium | 10 mcg | † |
† Daily Value not established.
Other ingredients: Calcium Carbonate, Potassium Chloride, Dibasic Calcium Phosphate, Magnesium Oxide, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Ascorbic Acid, Ferrous Fumarate, DL-Alpha-Tocopheryl Acetate, Maltodextrin, Contains Less Than 2% Of.
Directions: Suggested Use: Adults: Take one (1) tablet daily with food. Not formulated for use in children. Do not exceed suggested use.
Label source: NIH label database · Report a label change
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Our articles on this subject
- Magnesium Glycinate vs Citrate: What the Studies ShowArticle · Oct 30, 2026
- Melatonin vs Magnesium for Sleep: What the Studies ShowArticle · Nov 3, 2026
Graded November 3, 2026 by the Reverse Age Lab evidence engine, from human studies, real reviews and our biohacker panel. How we grade. Is this medical advice? No. Rala organizes the published evidence; go over any change with your doctor, especially if you take meds.
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