Thorne VeganPro Complex Chocolate Flavored Review
The listing is titled VeganPro Complex: Chocolate 28 oz by Thorne Research and is sold under the Thorne brand. The description text on the page, however, is written for Thorne's RecoveryPro, not VeganPro. It says elite athletes, high school athletes and weekend warriors need to recover so they can be ready for training. It states that RecoveryPro helps moderate stress and encourages restful sleep while supporting nighttime muscle recovery. The directions say to mix one scoop of the chocolate-flavored powder with 8 ounces of hot or cold water before bedtime. Listed benefits include 13 grams of whey protein to promote muscle repair, tryptophan and magnesium bisglycinate for restful sleep, cysteine, branched-chain amino acids, and PharmaGABA as a natural source of GABA. Magnesium bisglycinate is said to relax both smooth and skeletal muscle. The text also covers NSF for Sport testing, which checks label claims and screens for more than 200 banned substances such as stimulants, narcotics, meds and meds. The country of origin is listed as USA and the manufacturer as Thorne. The page's FAQ says the container is 28 oz and made in the USA, but notes that the ingredient panel and serving count are not shown, so the container label should be checked. No ingredients list, serving size or barcode is printed on this page. The SKU is KIWLAFA02079 and the MPN field is blank. Shoppers should read the container label and consult a doctor before use.
We don’t sell supplements. We help you make decisions and get the best price.
Lowest prices
We may earn a commission from some store links. How we choose.
Finding the lowest prices at the stores now. This takes a few seconds.
Study, Trial or Testing Result Summary
Members Only338 human studies · 123 improved
7 of these 338 human studies gave the ingredient by drip or injection, not by mouth.
The main ingredient of this shake is a 31 gram plant protein blend. No studies of that blend were given, so its effect on muscle building is not assessed here. The nutrients below come from the vitamin and mineral part of the formula. Vitamin D taken alone did not add muscle in large trials, including 2157 adults over 70 for 3 years [1] and 95 older adults doing weight training [2]. Vitamin C and vitamin E did not help strength training gains [3][4], and in some trials they blunted gains in lean mass [5][6]. Chromium did not add lean mass or strength in training studies [7][8]. Magnesium did not clearly improve strength in pooled trials [9]. Boron did not change lean mass or strength in bodybuilders [10]. The omega-3 fat in this product showed mixed results, with gains at much higher doses in one trial [11] but no change in a 3-year trial at 800 milligrams [12]. Choline and riboflavin are present only in trace amounts, well below studied doses [13][14]. Three proprietary blends hide their exact amounts. Animal and cell studies are never counted.
See all 338 studies →Hide the studies
- Across 19 studies of 19,528 people, those with muscle loss (sarcopenia) had lower vitamin D blood levels than those without, but this compared blood levels and did not test vitamin D supplements.Does vitamin D affect sarcopenia with insulin resistance in aging?
- In 59 trials of 5543 older adults with sarcopenia, protein combined with vitamin D probably increased handgrip strength by about 2 kg and improved quality of life compared with usual care.Nutritional and Pharmacological Interventions for Sarcopenia in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analy…
- In 16 trials of 4398 people being treated for tuberculosis, zinc raised muscle mass index and weight, and zinc plus vitamin A raised weight, but vitamin A alone was not shown to build muscle.Effectiveness of micronutrients supplement in patients with active tuberculosis on treatment: Systematic review/Meta-ana…
- Across 26 trials of 1892 people with cancer, fish oil with DHA and EPA raised body weight and BMI but had no significant effect on lean body mass.Comparison of EPA and DHA&EPA on body weight, BMI, and lean body mass in cancer patients: a network meta-analysis.
- In 1174 people after weight-loss surgery, selenium deficiency was found in 16% at one year and 2% at two years, with symptoms including weakness and loss of muscle mass; no controlled test of selenium for building muscle was reported.Selenium Deficiency After Bariatric Surgery, Incidence and Symptoms: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
- In 7 trials of 792 older adults, vitamin D3 added to resistance exercise improved lower-limb strength, but other measures showed small non-significant gains beyond exercise alone.The effect of combined resistance exercise training and vitamin D3 supplementation on musculoskeletal health and functio…
- In 3 trials of 637 people with sarcopenia, whey protein, leucine and vitamin D increased limb muscle mass, and improved grip strength and physical performance only when combined with exercise.Effects of Whey Protein, Leucine, and Vitamin D Supplementation in Patients with Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Met…
- Pooling 14 trials of 542 athletes, healthy adults, elderly people and alcoholics, magnesium did not significantly improve muscle strength, torque or power, though it may help people who are low in magnesium such as the elderly.The effect of magnesium supplementation on muscle fitness: a meta-analysis and systematic review.
- Across seven trials of 349 older people with weak bones and low muscle, strength training raised muscle mass, grip strength and protein intake, but calcium intake did not change significantly.Effects of Strength Training on Body Composition, Physical Performance, and Protein or Calcium Intake in Older People wi…
- Across 18 placebo-controlled trials with 322 people, vitamins C and E together before a single exercise session lowered fat oxidation damage, interleukin-6, cortisol and creatine kinase, but did not change muscle soreness or muscle strength.Effects of the combination of vitamins C and E supplementation on oxidative stress, inflammation, muscle soreness, and m…
- Across 18 placebo-controlled trials with 313 healthy people, vitamin C lowered fat oxidation damage and interleukin-6 after a single exercise session but did not change muscle damage, soreness or strength.Effects of vitamin C on oxidative stress, inflammation, muscle soreness, and strength following acute exercise: meta-ana…
- Across 20 placebo-controlled trials in 298 healthy adults, vitamin E did not improve muscle strength, soreness, muscle damage or inflammation after exercise.Vitamin E Does not Favor Recovery After Exercises: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
- In nine resistance training trials lasting at least 4 weeks, vitamin C and/or E neither helped nor hurt gains in lean mass or muscle strength.The effects of vitamin C and E on exercise-induced physiological adaptations: a systematic review and Meta-analysis of r…
- In nine trials of vitamin D in adults aged 45 and over, vitamin D had no significant effect on blood levels of the growth hormone IGF-1.Effects of Dietary or Supplementary Micronutrients on Sex Hormones and IGF-1 in Middle and Older Age: A Systematic Revie…
- In 7 trials, calcifediol improved gait speed, handgrip strength and leg extension compared with baseline values.Effect of Calcifediol on Physical Performance and Muscle Strength Parameters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
- In older adults, whey protein plus vitamin D improved lean mass, muscle strength and physical function, though it did not add to the effect of resistance exercise.Whey Protein Supplementation with or without Vitamin D on Sarcopenia-Related Measures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Anal…
- In a review of nine studies of antioxidants in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, vitamin E combined with penicillamine showed no significant benefit over placebo for lung function, muscle strength or movement.Antioxidants for Treatment of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
- In a pooled analysis of 4 trials in adults aged 55 and older, vitamin E combined with vitamin D and protein shortened the time to complete five chair stands by about 1.1 seconds, though the effect cannot be attributed to vitamin E alone.Antioxidant-rich foods, antioxidant supplements, and sarcopenia in old-young adults ≥55 years old: A systematic review a…
- Across 12 observational studies of older adults, people with sarcopenia (muscle loss) ate less folate, along with less energy and several other nutrients, than people without it; this shows an association, not a treatment effect.Energy and nutrient intake by people with and without sarcopenia diagnosed by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia i…
- A pooled analysis of 23 studies found older people with sarcopenia ate less selenium and other nutrients than those without, but it did not test selenium supplements.Comparison of calorie and nutrient intake among elderly with and without sarcopenia: A systematic review and meta-analys…
- A pooled analysis of resistance-training studies found that chromium did not significantly increase lean mass or strength, unlike creatine and HMB.Effect of dietary supplements on lean mass and strength gains with resistance exercise: a meta-analysis.
- In 10 trials of older adults, omega-3 gave a small muscle mass gain of 0.33 kg, with a larger gain of 0.67 kg at more than 2 g per day.Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Muscle Mass, Muscle Strength and Muscle Performance among the Elderly: A Meta-Analysis…
- In 11 placebo-controlled trials, omega-3 had no significant effect on lean body mass in the meta-analysis, though two individual trials found benefit.Supplementation with omega-3 and lean body mass in the general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
- In nine placebo-controlled trials of healthy adults doing eccentric exercise, omega-3 reduced muscle soreness, muscle damage and swelling and improved strength and range of motion at peak impairment.Effects of LC n-3 PUFA Supplementation on Muscle Pain, Function, and Damage Markers in Healthy Young to Middle-Aged Adul…
- In nine trials of people with pancreatic cancer, omega-3 gave modest weight gain but no significant change in lean body mass.Effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation on nutritional status in patients with pancreatic cancer: a system…
- In a review of nine reviews covering 128 studies, calcium supplements had only modest effects on bone mineral content and no muscle benefit was reported for calcium itself, though cheese and yogurt were linked to better grip strength.Nutrients and food supplements for the prevention of musculoskeletal diseases: an umbrella review.
- In 16 studies of 1573 stem cell transplant patients, results on vitamin D or calcium and sarcopenia were mixed and vitamin A gave no clear muscle benefit.Micronutrient requirements for stem cell transplantation patients > 100 days after transplant and during graft versus ho…
- In 12 trials of 1337 older adults with sarcopenia or malnutrition, branched-chain amino acids plus vitamin D improved muscle mass, grip strength and physical performance in six of nine trials.The Role of Nutrition in the Treatment of Sarcopenia in Old Patients: From Restoration of Mitochondrial Activity to Impr…
- In 15 trials of 461 healthy people who exercised, omega-3 did not improve muscle growth or strength beyond training alone, though it helped soreness recovery and muscle function.N-3 PUFA as an ergogenic supplement modulating muscle hypertrophy and strength: a systematic review.
- In seven trials of 192 sedentary people, five of six trials measuring muscle mass or volume found higher values with omega-3, and muscle protein synthesis rose in both trials that measured it.Muscle hypertrophy induced by N-3 PUFA supplementation in absence of exercise: a systematic review of randomized control…
- In a review of supplements for cancer-related muscle wasting, vitamin C improved some quality of life measures but no muscle benefit was shown, and evidence overall was not solid enough to recommend it.A systematic review on the role of vitamins, minerals, proteins, and other supplements for the treatment of cachexia in …
- In a review of ten studies in people after knee ligament surgery, vitamin supplements showed no benefit for muscle loss, and vitamins C and E may have increased local muscle inflammation.Supplement Use in Patients Undergoing Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review.
- This broad review of nutrients for healthy aging in older adults mentions vitamin C among helpful nutrients but gives no specific muscle-building results and calls for more clinical studies.Nutraceuticals and their role in promoting musculo-skeletal healthy aging.
- In 6 trials of healthy athletes aged 18-45 given 600 to 5,000 IU a day for 4 weeks to 6 months, vitamin D3 improved or tended to improve muscle strength (1.37 to 18.75%), while vitamin D2 did not.Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Muscle Strength in Athletes: A Systematic Review.
- In 37 trials of exercise with nutrition supplements including vitamin D in adults over 60, supplements added benefit to exercise in only about a quarter of studies for muscle mass and strength.Nutrition and physical activity in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia: systematic review.
- A review of nine trials in healthy adults aged 50 and older found beef, protein and amino acids improved wellbeing overall, but vitamin B12 showed no effect, and the abstract gives no B12 dose, duration or muscle-specific result.The potential role of beef and nutrients found in beef on outcomes of wellbeing in healthy adults 50 years of age and ol…
- In a review of 45 mostly cross-sectional studies in older adults, no link was found between calcium and muscle mass, strength, physical performance or sarcopenia.Minerals and Sarcopenia in Older Adults: An Updated Systematic Review.
- A review of 10 mostly observational studies in older adults found that higher selenium intake or blood levels were linked to more muscle mass, better physical performance and less sarcopenia.Minerals and Sarcopenia; The Role of Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Selenium, Sodium, and Zinc on Musc…
- In seven trials of cancer patients with wasting, EPA and DHA did not significantly change lean muscle mass, and only one trial showed a weight benefit.Anorexia-cachexia syndrome: a systematic review of the role of dietary polyunsaturated Fatty acids in the management of …
- Across 20 trials in cancer patients, supplements with more DHA than EPA were more often linked to lower inflammation and better nutrition (67% of results), while high EPA-to-DHA ratios mostly showed no benefit on body weight.Does the ratio of eicosapentaenoic acid to docosahexaenoic acid matter in cancer treatment? A systematic review of their…
- In 2157 healthy adults aged 70 and older, 2000 IU of vitamin D a day for 3 years did not improve lean muscle mass or lower the chance of developing sarcopenia compared with placebo.Effect of vitamin D, omega-3 supplementation, or a home exercise program on muscle mass and sarcopenia: DO-HEALTH trial.
- In 1680 adults aged 70 and older, 3 years of omega-3 capsules with 800 mg DHA daily, alone or with lifestyle coaching, did not change chair stand or handgrip strength compared with placebo.Effect of Long-Term Omega 3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation with or without Multidomain Lifestyle Interventio…
- In 1434 children aged 6 to 9, two years of an after-school program with 380 mg daily calcium-rich snacks and exercise raised bone stiffness in one group but did not change muscle strength or vertical jump.Beat osteoporosis - nourish and exercise skeletons (BONES): a group randomized controlled trial in children.
- In 1094 adults with prediabetes, active vitamin D (eldecalcitol 0.75 mcg a day) for about 3 years cut new sarcopenia cases to 4.6% from 8.8% with placebo.Active vitamin D treatment in the prevention of sarcopenia in adults with prediabetes (DPVD ancillary study): a randomis…
- In 657 infants born very early, higher-dose DHA feeds until term age did not change growth, lean body mass, fat mass or blood pressure at age 7, though more of these children were classed as obese.Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Supplementation of Preterm Infants on Growth, Body Composition, and Blood Pressure …
- Children whose mothers took 1000 units of cholecalciferol daily during pregnancy had slightly higher bone mineral density and lean mass at ages 6 to 7 than children whose mothers took placebo, in an exploratory follow-up analysis.Pregnancy vitamin D supplementation and offspring bone mineral density in childhood follow-up of a randomized controlled…
- In 409 women aged 70 to 80 who had fallen, taking 800 units of vitamin D daily for two years did not reduce falls or improve muscle strength or balance compared with placebo.Exercise and vitamin D in fall prevention among older women: a randomized clinical trial.
- In 401 older women and men, vitamin K supplementation for 3 years lowered undercarboxylated osteocalcin by about 60% but did not change lean muscle mass or fat mass compared with the control group.Reducing Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin With Vitamin K Supplementation Does Not Promote Lean Tissue Loss or Fat Gain Over…
- Sarcopenic older adults who drank a vitamin D and leucine whey protein drink twice daily for 13 weeks gained slightly more leg muscle mass and improved chair-stand time more than those given a control drink, though handgrip strength did not differ.Effects of a vitamin D and leucine-enriched whey protein nutritional supplement on measures of sarcopenia in older adult…
- In 324 children and adolescents given 0 to 4000 IU of vitamin D3 daily for 12 weeks, rising vitamin D levels did not improve muscle mass or strength compared with placebo.Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Intact Parathyroid Hormone Influence Muscle Outcomes in Children and Adolescents.
- In 244 men and women aged 50 and older, 3 months of potassium bicarbonate lowered bone turnover and calcium loss in urine but had no significant effect on muscle strength or function compared with placebo.Potassium Bicarbonate Supplementation Lowers Bone Turnover and Calcium Excretion in Older Men and Women: A Randomized Do…
- In 241 older adults with sarcopenia, a 12-week nutrition supplement with whey protein, fish oil and vitamin D increased appendicular muscle mass and grip strength and reduced fat mass compared with routine care.Effects of nutrition supplementation and physical exercise on muscle mass, muscle strength and fat mass among sarcopenic…
- In 230 postmenopausal women with low vitamin D over 1 year, neither 800 IU daily nor high-dose vitamin D3 changed muscle mass or muscle function compared with placebo.Treatment of Vitamin D Insufficiency in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
- In 220 people after bariatric surgery over 24 months, vitamin D loading with calcium, protein, and exercise reduced the loss of lean body mass compared with no intervention.The Impact of Vitamin D, Calcium, Protein Supplementation, and Physical Exercise on Bone Metabolism After Bariatric Surg…
- In 200 older Chinese adults, 6 months of fish oil with 1.07 g DHA and 1.34 g EPA daily increased thigh size, skeletal muscle mass, handgrip strength and walking test speed compared with corn oil.Effects of fish oil-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid on body composition, muscle strength and physical performance…
- In people with knee osteoarthritis, 1200 units of vitamin D3 daily for 24 weeks did not improve muscle strength compared with placebo, including in the vitamin D deficient subgroup of 50 people, though that subgroup was small.High-intensity versus low-intensity resistance training in patients with knee osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled tr…
- In 156 older women with low muscle mass, 1500 mg daily of calcium-HMB for 12 weeks did not add to the effects of resistance training on muscle quality compared with placebo.β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate Supplementation May Not Enhance Additional Effects of Exercise on Muscle Quality in Older Wom…
- In 150 patients with Parkinson disease or parkinsonism during a 30-day rehabilitation program, twice-daily whey protein with leucine and vitamin D increased walking distance more than standard diet alone (about 18 meters extra) and preserved muscle mass.Muscle-targeted nutritional support for rehabilitation in patients with parkinsonian syndrome.
- In 148 men aged 70 and over with mobility problems, 20 weeks of resistance training with vitamin D, calcium and protein supplements improved 30-second chair stand performance and muscle strength compared with no intervention.Beneficial effects of exercise, testosterone, vitamin D, calcium and protein in older men-A randomized clinical trial.
- In 148 active-duty Airmen doing exercise training for 12 weeks, a multi-ingredient supplement containing folic acid raised lean muscle mass by 1.5% more than exercise with a placebo drink, but folic acid was not tested on its own.Enhanced physical and cognitive performance in active duty Airmen: evidence from a randomized multimodal physical fitnes…
- Older adults with memory complaints who exercised twice a week and took an omega-3, vitamin D and protein supplement for 6 months gained about 0.7 kg more lean mass than controls, though cognition and physical function did not improve.Effects of a 6-Month Multifaceted Diet and Exercise Intervention on Cognition in Older Adults at Risk of Cognitive Decli…
- In overweight postmenopausal women on a 6-month calorie-restricted diet, calcium plus vitamin D pills improved bone density compared with placebo but did not improve lean tissue retention, which was better with low-fat dairy.Role of Calcium and Low-Fat Dairy Foods in Weight-Loss Outcomes Revisited: Results from the Randomized Trial of Effects …
- In 130 sarcopenic older adults doing supervised exercise, 12 weeks of whey protein, essential amino acids and 100 IU of vitamin D daily added 1.7 kg of fat-free mass and increased grip strength more than exercise with placebo, and lowered C-reactive protein.Whey protein, amino acids, and vitamin D supplementation with physical activity increases fat-free mass and strength, fu…
- In 128 healthy adults aged 65 and older, 24 weeks of potassium bicarbonate did not improve muscle power, physical performance or muscle mass compared with placebo, though blood levels of a growth hormone marker (IGF-1) were higher.Independent effects of whey protein and alkali supplementation on muscle health in healthy older adults: factorial rando…
- Hospitalized older adults with sarcopenia who took a whey protein formula with leucine and vitamin D during rehabilitation gained more muscle mass and walking speed than those given a control formula, and stayed in hospital for a shorter time.Improving rehabilitation in sarcopenia: a randomized-controlled trial utilizing a muscle-targeted food for special medic…
- In 120 adults over 40 with knee pain, 8 weeks of an omega-3 product high in EPA reduced pain more than placebo and shortened the time to complete the Up and Go test.Efficacy of Boswellia serrata Extract and/or an Omega-3-Based Product for Improving Pain and Function in People Older Th…
- In 117 elderly care residents, six months of resistance training with or without protein and vitamin supplements did not change blood levels of fat-soluble vitamins including retinol.Fat Soluble Vitamins in Institutionalized Elderly and the Effect of Exercise, Nutrition and Cognitive Training on Their …
- In 112 sarcopenic or dynapenic older adults, bodyweight exercise combined with a protein and vitamin D supplement improved knee strength and muscle quality more than either alone or no treatment over 12 weeks.Synergistic effect of bodyweight resistance exercise and protein supplementation on skeletal muscle in sarcopenic or dyn…
- In 110 older adults with sarcopenia, 12 weeks of a muscle-targeted supplement containing 200 IU of vitamin D3 per sachet, taken as two sachets daily with exercise, increased lean tissue, muscle index and grip strength compared with a control group.Effects of combined nutritional supplementation and exercise on proxy measures of muscle mass, strength, and function in…
- Over 24 weeks in older adults at risk of muscle loss, adding 1.1 g docosahexaenoic acid and 0.8 g EPA to leucine-enriched protein did not improve lean mass, strength, physical performance or muscle protein synthesis compared with a control drink.Does supplementation with leucine-enriched protein alone and in combination with fish-oil-derived n-3 PUFA affect muscle…
- In 106 boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, penicillamine plus vitamin E for 18 months did not improve muscle strength or other measures compared with placebo.Clinical investigation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: penicillamine and vitamin E.
- In 105 older outpatients at risk of malnutrition, a nutrient-rich drink for 12 weeks raised calcium intake and increased muscle mass in women, but muscle strength and physical performance did not differ from standard care.The effect of 12-weeks Nutritional supplementation on Nutritional Intake and Status among Indonesian Older Outpatients w…
- In 102 adults aged 50-80 with type 2 diabetes, 90 mcg a day of vitamin K2 in yogurt for 6 months increased grip strength, muscle mass and muscle index and improved blood sugar control compared with yogurt alone.Vitamin K2 Alleviates Insulin Resistance Associated Skeletal Muscle Atrophy via the AKT/mTOR Signalling Pathway.
- In 101 children with overweight or obesity over 1 year, a lifestyle program that reduced body fat did not change their vitamin D levels, and the study did not report muscle outcomes.Associations between Body Composition and Vitamin D Status in Children with Overweight and Obesity Participating in a 1-…
- In 98 adults over 50, drinking 1 liter a day of calcium and magnesium-rich mineral water for 12 months raised muscle mass relative to height and lowered falls at 6 months, but did not change physical performance scores.Efficacy of a Naturally Calcium and Magnesium-Rich Mineral Water on Musculoskeletal Fragility: A Randomized, Double-Blin…
- In 95 older adults over 28 weeks, vitamin D3 (2,000 IU daily after an initial higher dose) did not improve muscle gains from resistance training compared with placebo.Vitamin D3 supplementation does not enhance the effects of resistance training in older adults.
- In 95 older adults in care homes, a nutritional supplement plus resistance training for 6 months was linked to better blood fat measures as choline levels rose, but this study did not report muscle building results for choline.Nutritional supplementation alters associations between one-carbon metabolites and cardiometabolic risk profiles in olde…
- In 95 overweight Navy personnel who exercised, 400 mcg of chromium picolinate daily for 16 weeks did not increase lean body mass or reduce body fat more than placebo.Effects of chromium picolinate on body composition.
- Healthy older adults taking 4 g per day of krill oil for 6 months gained about 9% more knee strength, 11% more grip strength and more thigh muscle thickness than the control group.The effect of krill oil supplementation on skeletal muscle function and size in older adults: A randomised controlled tr…
- In 88 postmenopausal women with knee osteoarthritis doing home exercises for 24 weeks, adding vitamin E gave no extra gain in muscle strength or physical performance beyond exercise alone.Additive effects of active vitamin D3 or vitamin E administration on therapeutic lower-limb home exercise for knee osteo…
- In 83 vitamin D-deficient middle-aged women, 250 mg magnesium daily plus weekly vitamin D for 8 weeks improved handgrip strength and walking-test time and lowered a blood inflammation marker, but did not change body composition or knee strength.Randomized Study of the Effects of Vitamin D and Magnesium Co-Supplementation on Muscle Strength and Function, Body Comp…
- In 82 older adults at risk of undernutrition, 12 weeks of a supplement containing vitamin D improved walking distance more than a standard supplement and increased mitochondrial gene activity.A novel oral nutritional supplement improves gait speed and mitochondrial functioning compared to standard care in older…
- In 82 older adults doing resistance exercise for 12 weeks, a supplement with 200 mcg folic acid plus dairy protein and other micronutrients increased lean body mass by 0.63 kg more than exercise alone, with no extra gain in physical performance; folic acid was not tested on its own.Effects of Low-Dose Dairy Protein Plus Micronutrient Supplementation during Resistance Exercise on Muscle Mass and Physi…
- In 81 COPD patients with low muscle mass, a supplement combining omega-3 fats, leucine, and vitamin D taken with 4 months of exercise training improved inspiratory muscle strength and body mass more than placebo did.A randomized clinical trial investigating the efficacy of targeted nutrition as adjunct to exercise training in COPD.
- In 80 resistance-trained men taking a pre-workout blend including 500 mg vitamin C for 8 weeks, body composition and most strength measures did not differ from placebo, and early strength gains at 4 weeks were similar to placebo by 8 weeks.Effects of ingesting a pre-workout dietary supplement with and without synephrine for 8 weeks on training adaptations in…
- In 80 hospitalized COVID-19 pneumonia patients, a multi-ingredient supplement including selenium led to less loss of grip strength and thigh muscle thickness than standard care alone.Clinical Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Arginine Administered Orally in Association with Other Active Ingredients f…
- In 74 middle-aged overweight women, 250 mg magnesium oxide daily for 8 weeks did not produce greater gains in muscle strength, function or lean mass than placebo.Does magnesium supplementation improve body composition and muscle strength in middle-aged overweight women? A double-bl…
- In 72 pregnant women with obesity, 2 g a day of DHA and EPA raised newborn lean mass and birthweight and lengthened pregnancy compared with placebo oil.Effect of Omega-3 Supplementation in Pregnant Women with Obesity on Newborn Body Composition, Growth and Length of Gesta…
- In 72 children with newly diagnosed leukemia, 3 months of omega-3 with docosahexaenoic acid lost less lean body mass than the sunflower oil placebo group.Pilot study on the effect of supplementation with long-chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on body composition in chil…
- In 71 young and older adults, 240 mcg per day of vitamin K2 for 12 weeks did not change muscle strength, physical function, soreness or inflammation after muscle-damaging exercise, though some age-specific differences were seen in older adults.The Effects of Vitamin K2 on Recovery from Muscle-Damaging Resistance Exercise in Young and Older Adults: The TAKEOVER R…
- In 66 older adults with low muscle mass, yogurt fortified with 500 mg vitamin C plus HMB and vitamin D for 12 weeks improved handgrip strength and walking speed more than plain yogurt, and also lowered inflammation and oxidative stress.A Novel Fortified Dairy Product and Sarcopenia Measures in Sarcopenic Older Adults: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled…
- In 64 adults with chronic lung disease doing rehabilitation, 4 weeks of 180 mg vitamin C in an antioxidant mix did not improve muscle endurance beyond placebo but raised muscle strength by 11% and cut the rate of muscle weakness from 30% to 10.7%.Additional Effects of Nutritional Antioxidant Supplementation on Peripheral Muscle during Pulmonary Rehabilitation in CO…
- In 64 people with facial nerve inflammation, the control group got vitamin B1 with B12 and a med for about 3 weeks and 84.4% improved, but acupuncture did better and thiamine was not tested on its own, so this does not show thiamine builds muscle.[Influence on orbicularis oculi muscle in the patients with facial neuritis treated with the penetra-ting needling at Cu…
- In 62 overweight pre-diabetic adults, 4 months of a combined cinnamon, chromium and carnosine supplement (1.2 g a day) raised the percentage of fat-free mass compared with placebo.A Dietary Supplement Containing Cinnamon, Chromium and Carnosine Decreases Fasting Plasma Glucose and Increases Lean Mas…
- In 60 older women with age-related muscle loss doing resistance training, 12 weeks of 1000 mg vitamin C plus vitamin E gave larger gains in arm lean mass, muscle mass index, grip strength and knee strength than placebo.Effects of vitamins C and E supplementation combined with 12-week resistance training in older women with sarcopenia: A …
- In 60 older adults with sarcopenia, a double-blind 6-month supplement of whey protein with vitamin D and vitamin E increased muscle mass and grip strength more than a placebo drink.A high whey protein, vitamin D and E supplement preserves muscle mass, strength, and quality of life in sarcopenic older…
- In 60 women over three months, single high-dose vitamin D3 boluses of 50,000 to 500,000 IU did not change grip strength or physical performance.Effects of High Dose Bolus Cholecalciferol on Free Vitamin D Metabolites, Bone Turnover Markers and Physical Function.
- In 60 Nordic skiers over 24 weeks of off-season training, vitamin K2-rich Jarlsberg cheese led to muscle strength and lean mass gains no different from regular Norvegia cheese, with only a near-significant trend toward better upper-body strength.Comparison of cheese with and without Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii LMGT 2951 on off-season muscle s…
- Preterm infants fed formula with DHA and arachidonic acid had more lean body mass and less fat mass at 12 months corrected age than infants fed unsupplemented formula.Body composition in preterm infants who are fed long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: a prospective, randomized, contr…
- In 59 patients with alcoholic liver disease, 6 weeks of magnesium had no effect on muscle strength or mass compared with placebo, as both groups improved.Magnesium supplementation and muscle function in patients with alcoholic liver disease: a randomized, placebo-controlled…
- In 59 older adults averaging about 80 years, a combination supplement containing magnesium improved muscle mass, all muscle function tests and inflammation markers compared with placebo.A Patented Dietary Supplement (Hydroxy-Methyl-Butyrate, Carnosine, Magnesium, Butyrate, Lactoferrin) Is a Promising Ther…
- In 58 patients after bariatric surgery, 2000 mg per day of EPA and DHA for about 13 weeks did not prevent muscle loss or improve grip strength or walking performance compared with placebo.Effects of Omega-3 Supplementation in Sarcopenia After Bariatric Surgery: A Triple-Blind Randomized Controlled Clinical …
- In 57 older men and women, six months of vitamin C and E with or without resistance training changed body composition but did not change strength gains or pro-oxidant markers.Combined effect of antioxidant supplementation and resistance training on oxidative stress markers, muscle and body comp…
- In 56 people with type 2 diabetes, 50 or 200 mcg of chromium nicotinate for 90 days did not change lean body mass percentage compared with placebo.Effect of chromium supplementation on the glucose homeostasis and anthropometry of type 2 diabetic patients: Double blin…
- In 53 elderly people with low muscle mass, 12 weeks of omega-3 capsules containing 10 mg vitamin E did not change muscle mass, grip strength, or walking test results compared with control capsules containing 11 mg vitamin E.The Effect of a 12-Week Omega-3 Supplementation on Body Composition, Muscle Strength and Physical Performance in Elderly…
- In 51 people with Parkinson's disease, magnesium was used as the comparison to whey protein for 4 weeks, and the two groups did not differ in changes in walking and movement tests.Can we add whey protein supplementation in patients with Parkinson's disease without interfering with levodopa response?
- In a randomized trial of 50 burn patients, a tube feeding formula containing vitamin A showed a trend toward better muscle mass preservation that was not statistically significant.Differential effects of three enteral dietary regimens on selected outcome variables in burn patients.
- In 49 healthy older men, twice-daily whey protein blend containing 500 IU vitamin D, creatine and omega-3s for 20 weeks increased strength and lean mass more than a maltodextrin control, though vitamin D's separate effect cannot be isolated.A whey protein-based multi-ingredient nutritional supplement stimulates gains in lean body mass and strength in healthy …
- In 49 chronic heavy-drinking adults, 6 weeks of oral magnesium raised muscle strength significantly while placebo produced no change.Oral magnesium supplementation improves metabolic variables and muscle strength in alcoholics.
- In 49 children with obesity on a 16-week Mediterranean-style diet that raised selenium intake, lean mass decreased along with fat mass and BMI, so no muscle benefit was seen.Mediterranean-style diet reduces metabolic syndrome components in obese children and adolescents with obesity.
- In 48 older adults with low bone and muscle mass, adding whole-body vibration training to daily calcitriol for 3 months improved muscle mass, strength and physical function more than calcitriol alone.Effects of 12 Weeks of Whole-Body Vibration Training and Vitamin D Supplementation on Bone Density and Muscle Quality in…
- In 46 adults with long COVID fatigue, taking 500 mg of liposomal vitamin C with l-arginine twice daily for 28 days improved walking distance and grip strength more than placebo.Effects of l-Arginine Plus Vitamin C Supplementation on Physical Performance, Endothelial Function, and Persistent Fatig…
- In a randomized trial of 45 people with tennis elbow, a 30-day supplement containing 250 mg of vitamin C, collagen and hyaluronic acid, given with exercise and shock wave therapy, increased grip strength more than the other treatment groups, though vitamin C was not tested alone.Efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave therapy and nutraceutical supplementation in the treatment of lateral epicondyliti…
- In 45 people with type 2 diabetes who finished the trial, 200 mcg per day of vitamin K2 (menaquinone-7) for 12 weeks did not change muscle mass, fat-free mass or other body composition measures compared with placebo.The effect of menaquinone-7 supplementation on dp-ucMGP, PIVKAII, inflammatory markers, and body composition in type 2 d…
- In 44 people with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, drinking a whey beverage fortified with vitamin C and magnesium daily for 8 weeks lowered inflammatory markers and increased lean body mass and grip strength compared with the control group.Fortified whey beverage for improving muscle mass in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a single-blind, randomized c…
- In 44 children and teens with cystic fibrosis, 300 mg of magnesium daily for 8 weeks improved breathing muscle strength much more than placebo in a crossover trial.Oral magnesium supplementation in children with cystic fibrosis improves clinical and functional variables: a double-bli…
- In 43 malnourished people with liver cirrhosis, 3 g a day of calcium HMB for 12 weeks did not change fat-free mass compared with the supplement without it, though handgrip strength trended upward.Randomized Clinical Trial: Effects of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate (HMB)-Enriched vs. HMB-Free Oral Nutritional Supplement…
- In 42 young women doing strength training for 10 weeks, taking 1 g of vitamin C a day with vitamin E blunted gains in peak muscle torque and total work compared with placebo, although muscle thickness rose similarly in both groups.Effect of strength training combined with antioxidant supplementation on muscular performance.
- In 42 elderly Thai women with low vitamin D, 0.5 mg of alfacalcidol daily with calcium for 12 weeks increased quadriceps strength more than calcium with placebo.Combination of alfacalcidol with calcium can improve quadriceps muscle strength in elderly ambulatory Thai women who hav…
- In 42 adults aged 65 to 82, a daily formulation containing 10 mg tocotrienol, along with astaxanthin and zinc, plus 3 months of incline walking improved strength and muscle size, while walking training alone with placebo did not change them.Building strength, endurance, and mobility using an astaxanthin formulation with functional training in elderly.
- In 41 adults with overweight or obesity doing alternate-day fasting for 8 weeks, krill oil (providing about 312 mg choline daily along with fish omega-3s and astaxanthin) prevented the loss of fat-free mass and handgrip strength that happened with placebo.Benefits of Krill Oil Supplementation During Alternate-Day Fasting in Adults With Overweight and Obesity: A Randomized T…
- In 41 untrained men, 2 grams per day of DHA for about 6 weeks lowered some muscle damage and inflammation markers after eccentric exercise but did not change strength or soreness.Docosahexaenoic acid affects markers of inflammation and muscle damage after eccentric exercise.
- In 40 healthy young men over 8 weeks, 0.4 mg of folic acid daily combined with resistance training increased skeletal muscle mass by about 4.8 kg, versus about 1 kg for training alone, folic acid alone or placebo.Effects of folic acid combined with resistance training on body composition and blood biomarkers in adult males.
- In 40 young men doing 8 weeks of resistance training, calcium HMB did not improve muscle thickness, strength or power more than placebo.Leucine Metabolites Do Not Enhance Training-induced Performance or Muscle Thickness.
- In 40 resistance-trained young men over 8 weeks of training, calcium HMB did not reduce training-related inflammation or change muscle thickness or strength compared with placebo.Leucine metabolites do not attenuate training-induced inflammation in young resistance trained men.
- In 38 patients with heart failure, all of whom took vitamin D, a high-calorie, high-protein oral supplement for 24 weeks increased lean mass more than a Mediterranean diet alone, but muscle thickness tended to fall in that group and fat mass rose in the diet group.Mediterranean Diet, Vitamin D, and Hypercaloric, Hyperproteic Oral Supplements for Treating Sarcopenia in Patients with …
- In 38 football players doing intensive weight training, 200 mcg of chromium picolinate daily for 9 weeks did not change lean body mass or strength compared with placebo.Effects of chromium picolinate supplementation on body composition, strength, and urinary chromium loss in football play…
- In 37 healthy adults aged 50 to 69 doing 12 weeks of resistance training, those with low choline intake gained much less strength and thigh muscle quality than those with medium or high intake, who gained about 47% in strength versus 19%.The Effect of Choline and Resistance Training on Strength and Lean Mass in Older Adults.
- In 37 overweight or obese adults on a mild calorie-restricted diet, 240 mcg daily selenomethionine for 3 months increased lean and muscle mass and reduced fat mass compared with placebo.Selenium Supplementation, Body Mass Composition, and Leptin Levels in Patients with Obesity on a Balanced Mildly Hypocal…
- Over 6 months, older adults with low muscle mass taking a juice drink with 1500 mg docosahexaenoic acid, 1500 mg EPA and whey protein kept their grip strength and improved their physical performance score, while lean mass did not change and fat mass rose.Effects of a Long Chain n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid-rich Multi-ingredient Nutrition Supplement on Body Composition an…
- In 36 patients having aortic aneurysm surgery, about 3-4 weeks of antioxidant micronutrients including beta-carotene did not change the drop in handgrip or leg strength compared with placebo, though self-rated physical function was preserved.Limited effects of micronutrient supplementation on strength and physical function after abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy…
- In 36 men doing 8 weeks of weight training, chromium (not copper) supplements did not change muscle gain or strength, and copper was only measured as intake and blood levels, not given as a supplement.Chromium supplementation and resistance training: effects on body composition, strength, and trace element status of men…
- In 36 obese adults after a very-low-calorie diet, 200 mcg of chromium picolinate daily for 26 weeks increased lean body mass while chromium yeast and placebo did not.[Effect of chromium yeast and chromium picolinate on body composition of obese, non-diabetic patients during and after a…
- In 34 men aged 60 to 81 doing 12 weeks of strength training, 500 mg vitamin C plus vitamin E daily led to smaller gains in total lean mass and leg muscle thickness than placebo, though strength gains were similar in both groups.Vitamin C and E supplementation blunts increases in total lean body mass in elderly men after strength training.
- In healthy older men doing 12 weeks of strength training, taking 1000 mg vitamin C plus 235 mg vitamin E daily blunted the bone density gains seen with placebo.High doses of vitamin C plus E reduce strength training-induced improvements in areal bone mineral density in elderly me…
- Older men with excess weight who took a multi-ingredient supplement containing vitamin D3 along with exercise for 12 weeks gained more leg strength than those on a collagen-based product, though vitamin D's own effect could not be separated out.Obesity and Metabolic Disease Impair the Anabolic Response to Protein Supplementation and Resistance Exercise: A Retrosp…
- In 32 older adults given nicotinamide riboside (1,000 mg) plus pterostilbene (200 mg) daily, muscle stem cell recruitment and muscle recovery after an induced muscle injury were no better than placebo.A randomized placebo-controlled trial of nicotinamide riboside and pterostilbene supplementation in experimental muscle …
- In 32 adults with moderate to severe COPD, 4 weeks of daily EPA and DHA (2.0 to 3.5 g total) increased arm and leg lean mass compared with placebo, though muscle function did not change.ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation improves postabsorptive and prandial protein metabolism in patients with …
- In 30 active men, 3150 mg per day of omega-3 fats taken with resistance training for 8 weeks produced greater gains in muscle strength and power than training alone, along with lower inflammatory and oxidative markers.The Effects of Omega-3 Supplementation Combined with Strength Training on Neuro-Biomarkers, Inflammatory and Antioxidant…
- In 29 people recovering from anterior cruciate ligament surgery, 1000 mg vitamin C plus high-dose vitamin E for about 16 weeks did not change muscle strength compared with placebo.Serum cytokines and muscle strength after anterior cruciate ligament surgery are not modulated by high-doses of vitamins…
- In 28 overweight or obese adults on a low-calorie diet, 200 mcg of selenium plus zinc for 8 weeks raised resting metabolic rate and improved one mobility test (timed up-and-go) more than placebo, but body composition, fitness and handgrip strength did not differ.The Effects of Zinc and Selenium Co-Supplementation on Resting Metabolic Rate, Thyroid Function, Physical Fitness, and F…
- In 28 boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, 2.9 grams a day of omega-3 fats for 6 months showed non-significant trends toward slower lean mass loss and less fat mass versus placebo, with fewer boys developing insulin resistance.Evidence of muscle loss delay and improvement of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in Duchenne muscular dystrophy …
- In 27 people with myotonic dystrophy followed for 2 years, taking up to 800 mg vitamin E daily with selenium did not slow the loss of grip strength or walking speed compared with placebo.Functional deterioration and selenium-vitamin E treatment in myotonic dystrophy. A placebo-controlled study.
- In 27 active men, a single dose of high-EPA fish oil taken after damaging exercise improved jump performance compared with placebo, while the low-EPA oil and other recovery measures showed no clear difference.Effect of an acute dose of omega-3 fish oil following exercise-induced muscle damage.
- In 26 healthy young adults doing resistance training for 10 weeks, a supplement containing whey protein, creatine, calcium and 1000 IU of vitamin D gained more lean body mass than a placebo, though vitamin D was only one ingredient.The Effect of a Multi-ingredient Supplement on Resistance Training-induced Adaptations.
- In 26 adults over 10 weeks of resistance training, a multi-ingredient supplement containing vitamin D increased the size of fast-twitch muscle fibers more than a collagen control.The Effect of Multi-Ingredient Protein versus Collagen Supplementation on Satellite Cell Properties in Males and Females…
- In 25 healthy adults with low vitamin D, those with more trunk fat needed higher vitamin D2 injection doses to reach sufficient levels, while dose was not related to lean mass, so this study does not show a muscle-building effect.Impact of body composition on vitamin D requirements in healthy adults with vitamin D deficiency.
- In 25 resistance-trained people, a pre-workout drink containing 65 mg niacin for 7 days helped maintain leg press strength and increased lifting volume and repetitions compared with placebo, with no difference in cycling time trial or side effects.Short-Term Effects of a Ready-to-Drink Pre-Workout Beverage on Exercise Performance and Recovery.
- In 25 overweight children aged 9-12, 400 mcg of chromium chloride daily for 6 weeks with lifestyle changes increased lean body mass more than placebo (2.43 kg vs 1.36 kg).Effects of short-term chromium supplementation on insulin sensitivity and body composition in overweight children: rando…
- In 24 older adults, a single dose of 3 g calcium beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate added to 40 g whey boosted muscle protein synthesis in older women and reduced muscle protein breakdown, but the effect was not seen in men.The Effect of β-Hydroxy-β-Methyl Butyrate (HMB) upon Acute Fed-State Muscle Protein Turnover in Older Men and Women: A R…
- In 24 stroke patients in rehabilitation, one sachet daily of a multi-nutrient product containing copper for 8 weeks led to greater gains in lean mass, fatigue, balance and function than rehabilitation alone, but copper's own effect cannot be separated out.The role of nutritional supplement on post-stroke fatigue: a pilot randomized controlled trial.
- In healthy older women taking 3 g per day of fish oil for 12 weeks, resting metabolic rate rose 14%, lean mass rose 4%, and functional capacity rose 7%, while the olive oil placebo group showed no change.Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation for 12 Weeks Increases Resting and Exercise Metabolic Rate in Healthy Community-Dwell…
- In 24 healthy men, 8 weeks of fish oil containing 260 mg DHA and 600 mg EPA daily reduced strength loss and range-of-motion limits after hard eccentric arm exercise compared with placebo.Eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids-rich fish oil supplementation attenuates strength loss and limited joint rang…
- In healthy young adults immobilised for 2 weeks, omega-3 fatty acids containing 390 mg docosahexaenoic acid per day only slightly reduced the loss of muscle thickness and lean mass, a change that was not statistically significant.Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Vitamin D in Immobilisation: Part A- Modulation of Appendicular Mass Content, Composition and St…
- In 23 trained men doing resistance training for 10 weeks, taking vitamin C with vitamin E produced similar leg and bench press strength gains to placebo but appeared to blunt upper body muscle gains and grip strength improvement.Antioxidant vitamin supplementation on muscle adaptations to resistance training: A double-blind, randomized controlled …
- In 23 men aged 65 and older doing resistance training, 3 grams a day of omega-3 fish oil for 12 weeks did not improve body composition or inflammation more than placebo.Omega-3 supplementation with resistance training does not improve body composition or lower biomarkers of inflammation m…
- In 22 runners taking 1000 mg vitamin C and 300 mg vitamin E for 6 weeks before a 50-km ultramarathon, supplements did not reduce muscle damage or speed recovery of muscle strength compared with placebo.Antioxidants did not prevent muscle damage in response to an ultramarathon run.
- In 21 young recreationally trained adults, fish oil taken with a 10-week resistance training program increased upper-body and relative lower-body strength more than placebo did.The effect of fish oil supplementation on resistance training-induced adaptations.
- In 19 healthy young adults doing 8 weeks of functional training, a daily supplement with vitamin A, omega fatty acids and vitamin E raised muscle mass by 1.7% while placebo lost 1.2%, with similar strength gains in both groups.Effects of Supplementation with Omega-3 and Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Antioxidant Vitamins, Combined with …
- In 19 male bodybuilders, 2.5 mg of boron daily for 7 weeks did not change testosterone, lean body mass or strength compared with placebo, though both groups improved from training.Plasma boron and the effects of boron supplementation in males.
- In 19 male bodybuilders, 2.5 mg of boron daily for 7 weeks raised blood boron but did not change testosterone, lean body mass or strength compared with placebo, while both groups improved from training.The effect of boron supplementation on lean body mass, plasma testosterone levels, and strength in male bodybuilders.
- In 18 collegiate basketball players over 12 weeks of strength training, about 517 IU daily of vitamin D3 did not improve lean mass, fat loss or jump power compared with placebo.Vitamin D supplementation and body composition changes in collegiate basketball players: a 12-week randomized control tr…
- In 18 older men doing resistance training for 12 weeks, 924 mcg a day of chromium picolinate did not increase muscle size, strength or lean mass beyond training alone, and the placebo group gained more knee-extension power.Effects of resistance training and chromium picolinate on body composition and skeletal muscle in older men.
- In 16 untrained young men doing resistance training for 12 weeks, 200 mcg a day of chromium did not increase strength or lean body mass more than placebo.Effects of chromium and resistive training on muscle strength and body composition.
- In 15 women softball athletes doing resistance training for 6 weeks, 500 mcg a day of chromium picolinate produced no significant differences in strength or body composition compared with placebo.The effect of chromium picolinate on muscular strength and body composition in women athletes.
- In 14 older adults with impaired physical function, 32 days of 207.5 mg niacin equivalents daily did not improve muscle energy production, muscle NAD levels or exercise efficiency compared with the control.NAD+-Precursor Supplementation With L-Tryptophan, Nicotinic Acid, and Nicotinamide Does Not Affect Mitochondrial Functio…
- In 12 overweight women losing weight, riboflavin at 1.16 versus 0.96 mg per 1000 kcal made no difference to aerobic capacity, weight loss or change in lean body mass.Effects of exercise on riboflavin requirements: biological validation in weight reducing women.
- In 12 male weight trainers, a single dose of potassium-magnesium aspartate taken before a resistance workout did not lower blood ammonia or improve bench press performance to failure compared with vitamin C.Effect of acute potassium-magnesium aspartate supplementation on ammonia concentrations during and after resistance trai…
- In 10 selenium-depleted patients on long-term intravenous nutrition, 200 mcg of selenium 5-7 times weekly for 4 months did not change thigh muscle strength, though type 1 muscle fiber diameter increased slightly.The effect of selenium supplementation on skeletal and cardiac muscle in selenium-depleted patients.
- In a 12-week randomized trial in adults with metabolic syndrome, tocotrienol-enriched oats increased muscle mass by about 0.3 kg compared with control, alongside improvements in blood sugar, blood pressure and cholesterol.Effects of tocotrienol-enriched oat supplementation on metabolic profile, nutritional status and health-related quality …
- In a six-month trial in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, L-threonine given with the active form of vitamin B6 did not improve muscle strength compared with placebo, and the number of people and the dose were not stated.Electrophysiologic endpoint measures in a multicenter ALS drug trial.
- In people having hip replacement surgery, a pain-relief cocktail that included magnesium sulfate and sodium bicarbonate reduced pain and morphine use and improved early walking, while the abstract does not report muscle strength results.Effects of a Modified Long-Acting Cocktail on Analgesia and Enhanced Recovery After Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Double-Bli…
- In older women, a 24-week resistance training program combined with a diet that lowered the omega-6 to omega-3 ratio increased leg lean mass by 1.8%, while resistance training alone did not change lean mass; the study did not isolate docosahexaenoic acid as a supplement.Influence of combined resistance training and healthy diet on muscle mass in healthy elderly women: a randomized control…
- In overweight postmenopausal women, a DHA-rich omega-3 supplement over 16 weeks improved muscle quality in the lower limbs and lowered triglycerides and diastolic blood pressure, but did not add to the gains from resistance training.Effects of DHA-Rich n-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation and/or Resistance Training on Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Bi…
- In postmenopausal women with overweight or obesity, 16 weeks of resistance training or a docosahexaenoic acid-rich omega-3 supplement improved muscle quality, and tumor necrosis factor alpha fell in all groups, but the combined treatment did not add to either alone.Myokine Circulating Levels in Postmenopausal Women with Overweight or Obesity: Effects of Resistance Training and/or DHA…
- In a case-control study of 130 adults, people with epilepsy ate less vitamin C than healthy controls and had higher body fat, but the study did not test vitamin C effects on muscle.Dietary and lifestyle behavior in adults with epilepsy needs improvement: a case-control study from northeastern Poland.
- In 103 schoolboys, a 6-month exercise program raised lean mass and lowered fat mass, but thiamine was not given as a supplement; the exercise group only ate more vitamin B1 through their diet, so the study says nothing about thiamine for muscle building.Implementation of a Physical Activity Program Protocol in Schoolchildren: Effects on the Endocrine Adipose Tissue and Co…
- In 66 adolescent girls, about 1300 mg daily calcium from milk for 12 weeks did not change body composition or muscle performance, though resistance training did improve them and milk with training improved bone density.Resistance Training and Milk-Substitution Enhance Body Composition and Bone Health in Adolescent Girls.
- In 40 older adults with type 2 diabetes and abdominal obesity on a low-calorie diet, 3 weeks of a fermented milk product containing manganese among other nutrients preserved skeletal muscle mass better than diet alone and lowered oxidative stress markers, but the effect of manganese alone is unknown.[Assessment of the clinical effectiveness of a specialized fermented milk product for the dietary correction of carbohyd…
- In 39 adults with type 2 diabetes, 15 weeks of exercise training changed body fat and fitness but riboflavin was not given as a supplement, and the study did not show that riboflavin built muscle.The effect of exercise conditioning, diet, and drug therapy on glycosylated hemoglobin levels in type 2 (NIDDM) diabetic…
- In 33 young women doing 10 weeks of strength training, taking 400 IU vitamin E with 1 g vitamin C daily blunted gains in lean mass compared with placebo, which did gain lean mass.Antioxidant Supplementation Impairs Changes in Body Composition Induced by Strength Training in Young Women.
- In a retrospective study of 30 intensive care patients with ICU-acquired weakness, adding vitamin B1 to usual care produced greater improvement in muscle strength scores than usual care alone and shortened time on the ventilator and in intensive care.[Clinical efficacy of vitamin B1 in ICU-acquired weakness patients].
- In 30 trained young men, 3 grams per day of krill oil (a source of DHA) for about six days around a hard leg workout, compared with placebo, lowered muscle damage markers and improved recovery of strength and antioxidant levels.Impact of Antarctic krill oil supplementation on skeletal muscle injury recovery after resistance exercise.
- In 27 older women over six months, alphacalcidol (0.5 mcg daily) raised knee leg strength by about 11 to 15% in vitamin D-deficient women compared with women with normal levels.Muscle strength, functional mobility and vitamin D in older women.
- In 26 healthy men doing resistance training for 10 weeks, eating foods rich in astaxanthin, beta-carotene and resveratrol increased leg strength and resting oxygen use, while muscle mass rose in both groups.Astaxanthin-, β-Carotene-, and Resveratrol-Rich Foods Support Resistance Training-Induced Adaptation.
- In 26 untrained young adults doing 7 weeks of leg strength training, those taking magnesium gained more thigh strength than those on placebo (211 vs 174 Nm).Effect of magnesium supplementation on strength training in humans.
- In 26 resistance-trained men, 6 or 8 grams per day of omega-3 fats for 33 days did not reduce muscle damage or speed recovery after eccentric exercise compared with placebo.Impact of varying doses of omega-3 supplementation on muscle damage and recovery after eccentric resistance exercise.
- In 12 young and 12 old men, a single dose of nicotinamide riboside raised NAD levels in both groups and improved isometric muscle strength by 8% and fatigue index by 15% only in the older men, with no change in maximal oxygen uptake or in the young.Acute nicotinamide riboside supplementation improves redox homeostasis and exercise performance in old individuals: a do…
- In 20 patients with cystic fibrosis, 6 months of endurance or resistance training did not improve muscle strength, and vitamin E levels showed only a trend that differed by training type.Muscular strength after different types of training in physically active patients with cystic fibrosis.
- In 20 healthy men during 60 days of bed rest, a daily cocktail containing 138 mg vitamin E did not prevent loss of muscle strength or fiber atrophy compared with placebo.Evaluation of an Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Cocktail Against Human Hypoactivity-Induced Skeletal Muscle Deconditi…
- In 13 teens and adults with Prader-Willi syndrome, a diazoxide choline drug taken for 10 weeks open-label raised lean body mass by 2.26 kg and cut fat mass by 1.58 kg, but the choline salt was part of a drug and there was no placebo comparison for this outcome.A randomized pilot efficacy and safety trial of diazoxide choline controlled-release in patients with Prader-Willi syndr…
- In 10 patients with COPD, a single 2 g intravenous vitamin C infusion, compared with saline, reduced quadriceps fatigue during exercise and lowered malondialdehyde, a marker of oxidative stress.Ascorbate infusion increases skeletal muscle fatigue resistance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
- Over 28 days, young male construction workers drinking riboflavin-fortified apple juice (1.3 mg daily) had less self-reported fatigue than those drinking plain juice, and their malondialdehyde (an oxidative stress marker) fell more, while changes in body muscle mass were not statistically significant.Physicochemical properties of and volatile compounds in riboflavin fortified cloudy apple juice; study of its effect on …
- In 243 adults with low vitamin K status, taking 180 mcg of menaquinone-7 daily for one year produced a small drop in BMI and no reported gain in lean muscle mass.Sex-Specific Effects of Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) Supplementation on Body Composition and Adiposity Markers.
- In an open-label study of 242 adults with diabetic nerve damage, vitamin B12 as methylcobalamin at 500 mcg three times daily for 12 weeks was less effective than epalrestat on symptoms and muscle strength, and it was judged less well tolerated.Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of Epalrestat compared to Methylcobalamine in patients with diabetic neuropathy.
- In an open-label trial of 208 pregnant women given 1,200 mg of omega-3 fats a day, higher maternal DHA levels were linked to higher birth weight, while higher arachidonic acid and omega-6 levels were linked to lower BMI at one year.Effect of dietary intervention to reduce the n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio on maternal and fetal fatty acid profile and its r…
- In an open-label trial of 208 pregnant women given 1,200 mg of omega-3 fats a day, higher DHA and omega-3 levels in breast milk were linked to more fat mass in infants at age one, while arachidonic acid was linked to lower lean body mass.Breast milk fatty acid profile in relation to infant growth and body composition: results from the INFAT study.
- In 125 people with Prader-Willi syndrome, one year of diazoxide choline tablets was associated with a significant increase in lean body mass in an open-label study that had no placebo group.Diazoxide choline extended-release tablet in people with Prader-Willi syndrome: results from long-term open-label study.
- In 107 postmenopausal women with low vitamin D over 6 months, weekly calcifediol or weekly cholecalciferol raised vitamin D levels faster and improved leg muscle function more than monthly or single-dose cholecalciferol.Effects of Different Vitamin D Supplementation Schemes in Post-Menopausal Women: A Monocentric Open-Label Randomized Stu…
- In 60 obese adults on an unsupplemented 1000 kcal diet for about 6 months, thiamin levels stayed normal and muscle mass was maintained while fat was lost.Dietary management of obesity: evaluation of the time-energy displacement diet in terms of its efficacy and nutritional …
- In older adults with muscle loss, a whey protein supplement enriched with leucine and vitamin D for 12 weeks did not change muscle mass or grip strength more than extra protein from diet alone, but it improved walking speed more, especially in those under 75.Effects of adequate dietary protein with whey protein, leucine, and vitamin D supplementation on sarcopenia in older adu…
- In a retrospective study of 52 middle-aged women taking 100 mcg vitamin K2 daily with other vitamins for 12 weeks, body weight and fat percentage fell while lean mass was reported as preserved, with no separate muscle gain shown, and high-sensitivity CRP dropped; there was no control group.Effects of 12-Week Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation on Immune Function, Body Weight, and Metabolic Parameters in M…
- In an open study of 39 advanced cancer patients with weight loss, a four-month regimen including 30,000 IU per day of vitamin A along with other antioxidants, diet, and drugs significantly increased lean body mass, though without a placebo group.A phase II study with antioxidants, both in the diet and supplemented, pharmaconutritional support, progestagen, and ant…
- In 35 postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes, 1000 IU of vitamin D daily for 12 months raised vitamin D levels and improved muscle strength and muscle function, in a study without a control group.Effects of 12 Months of Vitamin D Supplementation on Physical Fitness Levels in Postmenopausal Women with Type 2 Diabete…
- In a single-group study of 25 evaluable patients with advanced cancer, 16 weeks of a multi-ingredient antioxidant plan containing 30,000 IU daily of vitamin A was followed by higher lean body mass and lower inflammation and oxidative stress markers, though vitamin A could not be assessed on its own.Cancer-related anorexia/cachexia syndrome and oxidative stress: an innovative approach beyond current treatment.
- In 9 elite female distance runners, eating 100 grams of sturgeon fillet daily for 2 weeks raised blood docosahexaenoic acid and lowered a urinary marker of oxidative stress, but muscle mass did not change.Effects of sturgeon fillet intake on top-ranked Japanese female long-distance runners.
- Two adults with myotonic dystrophy type 1 who received 100 mg thiamine shots twice a week for 11 to 12 months had better muscle strength and daily activity scores.Can long-term thiamine treatment improve the clinical outcomes of myotonic dystrophy type 1?
- Niacin at 750 to 1,000 mg a day for up to 10 months raised blood NAD levels and increased muscle strength and mitochondrial biogenesis in people with adult-onset mitochondrial myopathy.Niacin Cures Systemic NAD+ Deficiency and Improves Muscle Performance in Adult-Onset Mitochondrial Myopathy.
- A genetic analysis of about 378,000 UK Biobank participants found little evidence that genetically higher vitamin B12 levels were linked to risk of sarcopenia (low muscle mass and strength).Causal Relationship of Genetically Predicted Serum Micronutrients Levels With Sarcopenia: A Mendelian Randomization Stud…
- In a genetic analysis of about 295,000 UK adults, blood vitamin D levels below 20 ng/mL were linked to a rapidly rising risk of sarcopenia, though this study did not test supplements directly.Genetic Variants, Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels, and Sarcopenia: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis.
- In a cross-sectional study of 68,002 UK adults, higher dietary retinol intake was associated with stronger handgrip in both men and women, though this association does not show cause and effect.Associations between diet and handgrip strength: a cross-sectional study from UK Biobank.
- In a large US survey of 19,696 adults, higher dietary selenium intake was linked to lower odds of sarcopenia, with the highest intake group having about 39% lower odds than the lowest group.Dietary selenium intake and sarcopenia in American adults.
- In a survey of 11,635 Korean adults, lower vitamin B1 intake was linked to higher odds of low handgrip strength, with the association seen in men.Sex and Diet-Related Disparities in Low Handgrip Strength among Young and Middle-Aged Koreans: Findings Based on the Kor…
- In a large survey of US adults, higher dietary antioxidant scores were linked to lower sarcopenia risk, and this association was mainly attributed to vitamin E intake.The inverse associations between composite-dietary-antioxidant-index and sarcopenia risk in US adults.
- In 9,693 US adults, those with the highest dietary copper intake had about 57% lower odds of low muscle mass than those with the lowest intake, and this link was partly explained by serum albumin, bilirubin, and gamma-glutamyl transferase.Oxidative stress indicators mediated the association of dietary copper intake with low muscle mass: a cross-sectional st…
- In a cross-sectional study of 8,711 US adults aged 20 to 59, higher dietary intake of vitamin B1 (thiamine) was associated with lower odds of early-onset sarcopenia (muscle loss at a young age), but this does not show that taking thiamine causes muscle gain.Association of vitamins B1 and B2 intake with early-onset sarcopenia in the general adult population of the US: a cross-…
- In 8,135 US adults aged 18 to 59, blood manganese was linked to sarcopenia in a non-linear way, with risk rising above about 13.45 micrograms per liter.Associations between blood manganese levels and sarcopenia in adults: insights from the National Health and Nutrition Ex…
- In NHANES adults from 2005 to 2018, higher dietary copper intake, along with several other micronutrients, was negatively associated with sarcopenia.Associations of four important dietary pattern scores, micronutrients with sarcopenia and osteopenia in adults: results …
- In a survey of 6,621 US adults aged 40 and older, those with the highest dietary antioxidant intake, including selenium, had about half the odds of sarcopenia compared with those with the lowest intake.Association between Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index and sarcopenia in U.S. middle-aged and older adults: A cross-sec…
- In 5,389 Chinese adults, higher blood copper levels were linked to less muscle mass relative to body size and weaker grip relative to body size, with the strongest links in younger adults.Serum essential elements and muscle health in Chinese adults: a community-based study.
- In a survey of 4,500 adults over 50 in western China, lower vitamin D levels were linked to sarcopenia under some diagnostic criteria but not others.The Comparison of Sarcopenia Diagnostic Criteria using AWGS 2019 with the Other Five Criteria in West China.
- In a large Korean sample of adults 65 and older, retinol intake was among the top-ranked predictors of sarcopenia in women, but the abstract does not report that vitamin A improved muscle.Sarcopenia feature selection and risk prediction using machine learning: A cross-sectional study.
- In 3,860 US adults, higher serum copper was linked to lower muscle mass, with the highest-copper group showing about 0.29 kg/m2 lower muscle mass than the lowest-copper group.Association between serum copper levels and muscle mass: results from NHANES 2011-2016.
- In a cross-sectional study of 3713 adults aged 50 and older, vitamin D deficiency was linked to sarcopenia in men but not women, and low physical activity was linked to sarcopenia only in women.Sex differences in the association of physical activity levels and vitamin D with obesity, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic ob…
- In older South Koreans, not meeting the recommended riboflavin intake was linked to a 36.6% higher risk of sarcopenic obesity, though this is an association from a survey, not proof of cause.Sarcopenic obesity can be negatively associated with active physical activity and adequate intake of some nutrients in K…
- In 3214 adults in Newfoundland, higher dietary choline and betaine intake was associated with better body composition, including less body fat and more lean mass, though this cross-sectional study cannot prove cause.Higher Dietary Choline and Betaine Intakes Are Associated with Better Body Composition in the Adult Population of Newfou…
- In a national survey of 3080 Korean women aged 65 and older, those who ate at or above the recommended amount of omega-3 fats (including docosahexaenoic acid) were about 22% less likely to have low grip strength than those who ate less.Increased Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake Is Associated with Low Grip Strength in Elderly Korean Females.
- In 2,851 Chinese children aged 6 to 9, higher blood manganese was weakly linked to lower odds of insufficient muscle development.Insufficient Muscle Development Level Associated with Serum Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt Levels in Children Aged 6 to 9 Ye…
- In 2,570 women, higher dietary magnesium was linked with more muscle mass and greater leg explosive power, but not with grip strength.Dietary Magnesium Is Positively Associated With Skeletal Muscle Power and Indices of Muscle Mass and May Attenuate the A…
- In a cross-sectional study of 2532 older adults, higher oral magnesium intake was associated with lower odds of sarcopenia in a dose-dependent pattern, even after full adjustment.Association between oral intake magnesium and sarcopenia: a cross-sectional study.
- In 2,015 older Taiwanese adults followed for three years, a higher serum copper-to-zinc ratio was associated with higher risk of developing sarcopenia (adjusted odds ratio 1.39 per standard deviation increase).Copper-to-zinc ratio predicts incident sarcopenia and adverse health outcomes: Results from I-Lan Longitudinal Aging Stu…
- In a cohort of 1970 UK adults, estimated daily drinking water selenium exposure showed few links to health outcomes, including sarcopenia (low muscle mass), so no clear effect on muscle was found.Personalised estimates of dosage within a population-based cohort suggest limited evidence that drinking water chemistry…
- In 1,930 adults aged 45 to 76 followed for six years, higher vitamin B12 levels showed only a non-significant trend toward lower risk of low handgrip strength.Prospective Associations of Serum Vitamin B12, Homocysteine, and Ferritin Levels with Probable Sarcopenia.
- In a national survey of 1,766 Japanese adults aged 60 and older, higher vitamin B6 intake was positively associated with higher skeletal muscle index in men.Nutrient and food group intakes and skeletal muscle index in the Japanese elderly: a cross-sectional analysis of the NHN…
- In 1606 community-dwelling Japanese adults aged 65 and older, a diet high in fish, soy foods, vegetables, fruit and mushrooms, and low in rice was linked to lower odds of sarcopenia (low muscle), with vitamin K intake used only as one nutrient that helped define the dietary pattern.Association of nutrient-derived dietary patterns with sarcopenia and its components in community-dwelling older Japanese…
- In older men from a large cohort, blood thiamine showed only a weak correlation with walking speed (r = -0.18), and no link to muscle mass was reported for it.Nutrient Metabolites Associated With Low D3Cr Muscle Mass, Strength, and Physical Performance in Older Men.
- In 1420 Korean postmenopausal women, those eating the most fruit, which is rich in vitamin C and potassium, had lower odds of having multiple body composition problems, including low muscle mass, though this cross-sectional study cannot prove cause.Fruit intake and osteosarcopenic obesity in Korean postmenopausal women aged 50-64 years.
- In a cross-sectional study of 1345 community-dwelling Japanese adults aged 60 and older, the highest dietary vitamin E intake was linked to lower odds of sarcopenia (low muscle mass and function) than the lowest intake, but this does not show that vitamin E causes muscle gain.Dietary Intake of Vitamin E and Fats Associated with Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Japanese People: A Cross-Sec…
- In a large study of 1172 adults aged 50 to 85, higher blood levels of alpha-carotene were linked to greater knee muscle strength, while retinol (vitamin A) levels were not linked to strength.Serum α-Carotene, but Not Other Antioxidants, Is Positively Associated with Muscle Strength in Older Adults: NHANES 2001…
- In 1081 adults, higher blood choline and betaine levels were linked to higher lean mass and less body fat in men but not in women, and this observational link does not show a cause.Higher serum choline and betaine levels are associated with better body composition in male but not female population.
- In 1050 adults aged 65 to 85, lower dietary intake of several kinds of choline was linked to sarcopenia together with mild cognitive impairment in a cross-sectional study, which cannot show that choline causes muscle loss.Correlation between Mild Cognitive Impairment and Sarcopenia: The Prospective Role of Lipids and Basal Metabolic Rate in…
- In 1037 adults aged 20 to 59 in a national survey, plasma omega-3 fats including docosahexaenoic acid were not associated with appendicular muscle mass after adjusting for other factors, in men or women.Plasma omega-3 is not associated with appendicular muscle mass index in young and middle-aged individuals: Results from …
- In 1,037 adults aged 20 to 59, higher blood DHA was linked to more appendicular muscle mass only in people eating less than 0.8 grams of protein per kilogram per day, with no link at higher protein intake.Plasma omega-3 fatty acids are positively associated with appendicular muscle mass index only in adults with low protein…
- In 950 adults aged 50 to 85 from a US national survey, blood levels of DHA and other omega-3 fats were not associated with handgrip strength, whether or not blood sugar was elevated.Association between Plasma Omega-3 and Handgrip Strength According to Glycohemoglobin Levels in Older Adults: Results fr…
- In 950 Korean older adults, the frail group had lower vitamin E intake, but the dietary inflammatory index was not associated with sarcopenic obesity.Association of the dietary inflammatory index with sarcopenic obesity and frailty in older adults.
- In 815 community-dwelling older Japanese adults, copper intake was lower in the prefrailty group, though magnesium was the main nutrient identified as linked to prefrailty.Association of Protein and Magnesium Intake with Prevalence of Prefrailty and Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Japane…
- In a study of 802 adults aged 65 and older, low dietary folate intake was linked to higher odds of frailty, which includes low muscle strength, after adjustment; this shows an association, not a supplement effect.Low nutrient intake is an essential component of frailty in older persons.
- In 766 black and white adolescents, lower dietary magnesium intake was associated with higher CRP and lower fat-free mass, and almost none of the teens met the recommended magnesium intake.Magnesium Intake, C-Reactive Protein, and Muscle Mass in Adolescents.
- In a population study of 765 adults over 65, lower alanine aminotransferase levels were linked to frailty, disability, muscle loss and vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) deficiency, and to higher mortality; no vitamin B6 supplement was tested and the abstract gives no direct effect of vitamin B6 on muscle building.Low Alanine Aminotransferase Levels in the Elderly Population: Frailty, Disability, Sarcopenia, and Reduced Survival.
- In a cohort of 70-year-olds in Sweden, higher riboflavin intake was linked to more lean muscle mass, but after correcting for multiple comparisons no link remained with grip strength or gait speed.Nutrient Intake and Its Association with Appendicular Total Lean Mass and Muscle Function and Strength in Older Adults: …
- In 620 older adults, riboflavin intake was linked to better walking and turning performance in women before adjustment, but no nutrient remained linked to grip strength in either sex after adjustment.Muscle Strength and Physical Performance in Relation to Dietary Intake Among Older Men and Women.
- In 584 community-dwelling older adults, vitamin C intake was higher in those with sarcopenia (low muscle), though this cross-sectional study cannot show cause and effect.Dietary intake and its association with sarcopenia in older adults: a cross-sectional analysis.
- In 534 Chinese adults aged 18 to 55, higher vitamin B1 levels were linked to lower muscle mass in one model, but this did not hold up after statistical correction.Serum vitamin D and B9 are positively associated with muscle mass in young and middle-aged adults: a cross-sectional stu…
- In a prevalence survey of 509 adults admitted with a hip fracture, most had low vitamin D levels and about 17 percent had muscle weakness, but no vitamin D supplement was given, so this study does not show whether vitamin D builds muscle.Prevalence of malnutrition in a cohort of 509 patients with acute hip fracture: the importance of a comprehensive assess…
- In 498 middle-aged black South African women, a diet pattern high in vitamin C, sugar and potassium was not reported to be linked with muscle or body composition, while an animal-based diet pattern was linked with higher lean mass.Nutrient Patterns and Body Composition Parameters of Black South African Women.
- In a cross-sectional survey of 493 Korean cancer survivors, sarcopenia (low muscle mass) was more common among those with inadequate vitamin A intake, but vitamin A was not a significant factor in the multivariable analysis.Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Sarcopenia in Korean Cancer Survivors: Based on Data Obtained by the Korea Nat…
- In this machine learning study of 484 older adults, vitamin B7 (biotin) was one of several nutritional predictors of sarcopenia risk, but the abstract does not state its direction of effect or any muscle-building result.Identifying risk factors for sarcopenia using machine learning: insights from multimodal data.
- In 469 older Japanese adults, higher vitamin B6 intake (from food) was linked to better movement, balance and walking ability, but not to muscle strength.Relationships among Physical Activity, Physical Function, and Food Intake in Older Japanese Adults Living in Urban Areas…
- In 454 Chinese children, higher plasma copper was linked to more body fat overall and in each body region, and inflammation partly explained this link. Muscle was not measured.Relationship Between Plasma Copper Concentration and Body Fat Distribution in Children in China: a Cross-Sectional Study…
- In 426 Chinese school-age children, blood levels of alpha-tocopherol (a form of vitamin E) were not linked to muscle mass or grip strength in either sex; higher blood retinol (vitamin A) was linked to muscle in girls only, and gamma-tocopherol was not studied.Associations of plasma retinol and α-tocopherol levels with skeletal muscle health in Chinese children.
- In a retrospective study of 406 peritoneal dialysis patients, higher blood selenium was weakly linked to more skeletal muscle mass, but this was only an association and not a tested treatment effect.Prevalence and correlates of low plasma selenium concentrations in peritoneal dialysis patients.
- In 392 adults with knee osteoarthritis, higher dietary potassium intake was linked to greater lower limb muscle strength over 24 months.Associations of Dietary Macroelements with Knee Joint Structures, Symptoms, Quality of Life, and Comorbid Conditions in …
- In 386 dialysis patients, blood manganese above 10.6 micrograms per liter was linked to a higher risk of sarcopenia.The non-linear associations between blood manganese level and sarcopenia in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis…
- In 353 liver cancer patients, those with muscle loss had lower blood levels of docosahexaenoic acid than those without, and they had shorter survival; this retrospective study cannot show that low docosahexaenoic acid causes muscle loss.Association between Sarcopenia and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
- In 188 people with rheumatoid arthritis and 158 controls, sarcopenia and vitamin D deficiency were each linked to a higher rate of spine fractures; the study did not test supplementation.Synergy of sarcopenia and vitamin D deficiency in vertebral osteoporotic fractures in rheumatoid arthritis.
- In 331 older adults, those with sarcopenia ate less vitamin K than those without, though this cross-sectional study cannot show that low intake causes muscle loss.Association between dietary nutrient intake and sarcopenia in the SarcoPhAge study.
- In 327 community-dwelling older adults in Taipei, lower serum selenium was associated with lower muscle mass, and the lowest selenium quarter had about 4.6 times the odds of low muscle mass compared with the highest quarter.Low serum selenium level is associated with low muscle mass in the community-dwelling elderly.
- In a cross-sectional study of 301 adults, vegans and vegetarians had higher vitamin K intake than omnivores, but the study did not link vitamin K intake to muscle mass.Bone Remodelling, Vitamin D Status, and Lifestyle Factors in Spanish Vegans, Lacto-Ovo Vegetarians, and Omnivores.
- In 300 older Iranian adults, vitamin A was one part of a broader nutrient pattern; the abstract links only a different pattern, the anti-inflammatory one, to lower odds of sarcopenia, and does not report a vitamin A effect on muscle.Patterns of Nutrient Intake in Relation to Sarcopenia and Its Components.
- In 295 Brazilian older adults, inadequate vitamin B6 intake directly affected the diagnosis of sarcopenia.High Prevalence of Energy and Nutrients Inadequacy among Brazilian Older Adults.
- In 295 hospitalized patients with cirrhosis, serum copper did not differ between those with and without myosteatosis (fatty muscle infiltration), while low serum manganese was the trace element linked to it.Low serum manganese as a noninvasive marker predicting the presence of myosteatosis among hospitalized patients with cir…
- In 281 older women, those with high relative muscle mass had higher daily manganese intake from food than those with low muscle mass.Dietary Protein Requirement Threshold and Micronutrients Profile in Healthy Older Women Based on Relative Skeletal Muscl…
- In a cross-sectional study of Chinese women, those with sarcopenia had lower dietary vitamin E intake, but this study did not test whether vitamin E changes muscle strength.Relationships between sarcopenia, nutrient intake, and gut microbiota in Chinese community-dwelling older women.
- Among Vietnamese women who married into Korean families, zinc intake fell over follow-up along with skeletal muscle mass, but the study did not test whether zinc intake was linked to the muscle loss.Dietary changes in Vietnamese marriage immigrant women: The KoGES follow-up study.
- In a cross-sectional study of 232 Korean adults, those with lower muscle mass had higher copper levels in their hair than those with normal muscle mass, but this does not show that copper affects muscle, and no copper supplement was given.Associations between Hair Mineral Concentrations and Skeletal Muscle Mass in Korean Adults.
- In a cross-sectional study of 227 older adults in India, low vitamin D levels were not linked to primary sarcopenia (low muscle mass and strength); the study did not test supplementation.Prevalence and factors contributing to primary sarcopenia in relatively healthy older Indians attending the outpatient d…
- Among 227 community-dwelling older adults in Maastricht, those with sarcopenia (low muscle mass and strength) ate 10% to 18% less vitamin B6, folate, vitamin E, magnesium and omega-3 fats than those without it.Differences in Nutrient Intake and Biochemical Nutrient Status Between Sarcopenic and Nonsarcopenic Older Adults-Results…
- In a prospective cohort of 197 older adults with type 2 diabetes followed for about 14 months, vitamin C intake was not related to loss of muscle mass.Vitamin Intake and Loss of Muscle Mass in Older People with Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Study of the KAMOGAWA-DM Coho…
- In 193 pancreatic cancer patients, folic acid was only part of the chemotherapy regimen, and muscle mass changes were linked to surgical removal of the tumor rather than to folate itself.Association Between Changes in Body Composition and Neoadjuvant Treatment for Pancreatic Cancer.
- In a cross-sectional study of 189 older adults, vitamin B6 status was linked to one or more measures of sarcopenia, but the abstract does not state the direction of the link.Systemic and Metabolic Signature of Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.
- In 185 women with polycystic ovary syndrome, higher blood and dietary levels of omega-3 fats, including DHA, were linked to more muscle mass and less body fat, but this was a cross-sectional association and not a trial.Associations between omega-3 fatty acids and insulin resistance and body composition in women with polycystic ovary synd…
- In 170 patients in a study of hip surgery, vitamin D deficiency was more common in people with sarcopenia than in those without; the study did not test supplementation.Vitamin D Deficiency and Sarcopenia in Hip Fracture Patients.
- In this case-control study of 170 women, professional dancers had higher biotin intake than non-dancers and better muscle mass and grip strength, but the study did not show that biotin intake caused these differences.Eating Attitudes and Anthropometric Indices of Adult Women in Performance Dance: A Case-Control Study in Greece.
- In 164 older adults with dizziness and unsteady gait, 23% had low vitamin B1 or B12, which was highly associated with muscle weakness and frailty.Dizziness and unstable gait in the older adults are associated with vestibular hypofunction, muscle dysfunction and slee…
- In 159 people with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, women had lower dietary vitamin E intake than men, and the authors suggest antioxidant supplements may help, but this study did not test supplementation.Nutritional Status of Patients with Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy.
- In 153 Korean adults aged 50 to 80, meeting recommended intakes of both vitamin E and vitamin C was linked to higher lean mass and bone density compared with missing both.Musculoskeletal Health of the Adults Over 50 Years of Age in Relation to Antioxidant Vitamin Intakes.
- In 150 Taiwanese adults, higher plasma copper was linked to less skeletal muscle mass and more body fat.Association Between Essential and Non-essential Metals, Body Composition, and Metabolic Syndrome in Adults.
- In 142 older adults with memory complaints, higher dietary DHA and EPA were linked to better thinking skills and higher dietary EPA was linked to better mobility and walking speed, but blood omega-3 levels were not linked to strength or physical function.Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Are They Beneficial for Physical and Cognitive Functioning in Older Adul…
- In a case-control study of 130 older adults, those with depression ate less vitamin B6 than controls, and inadequate intake of several nutrients was linked to weaker handgrip strength and poorer physical function.Inappropriate nutrients intake is associated with lower functional status and inferior quality of life in older adults w…
- In 124 men with HIV, higher selenium intake was associated with greater muscle mass and higher selenium levels with lower inflammatory markers, but this was a correlation study without supplementation.Zinc and selenium indicators and their relation to immunologic and metabolic parameters in male patients with human immu…
- In 115 outpatients with chronic pancreatitis, vitamin E deficiency was found only in those with pancreatic enzyme insufficiency, and the study did not show a link between vitamin E and muscle function.Micronutrient deficits in patients with chronic pancreatitis: prevalence, risk factors and pitfalls.
- In a retrospective study of 112 women with anorexia nervosa, higher vitamin B6 levels in the blood predicted more symptoms of negative body image; no supplement was given and muscle building was not measured as an outcome.Muscle Mass and Vitamin B6 Are Linked to Negative Body Image in Women with Anorexia Nervosa: A Retrospective Study.
- In a cross-sectional study of 103 adults in a Kashin-Beck disease area of China, higher blood selenium was linked to lower sarcopenia risk only in people without the disease, not in those with it.Kashin-Beck Disease: A Risk Factor for Sarcopenia and Its Interaction with Selenium.
- In 101 postmenopausal women, lower vitamin D levels were linked with higher body fat, metabolic syndrome and weaker grip strength, but no supplement was tested.Cross-talk between muscle and bone in postmenopausal women with hypovitaminosis D.
- In a retrospective study of 100 people after bariatric surgery, vitamin D levels and different cholecalciferol doses did not change handgrip strength or the shuttle walk test, while higher protein intake was linked to better handgrip strength.Assessment of Physical Fitness after Bariatric Surgery and Its Association with Protein Intake and Type of Cholecalcifer…
- In a cross-sectional study of 100 adults with obesity, those with sarcopenic obesity (low muscle mass with obesity) were more likely to have a manganese intake below recommended levels, though this does not show that manganese intake causes muscle loss.Sarcopenic Obesity in Adult Patients: Prevalence and Risk Factors.
- In a cross-sectional study of 97 women seeking fertility treatment, higher dietary riboflavin intake was linked to a higher muscle mass percentage after adjustment, but this cannot show that riboflavin causes more muscle.Dietary nutrient intake and nutritional status in women with infertility: a cross-sectional study.
- In a retrospective real-world study of 94 adults receiving weekly a med with vitamin B12 for 3 months, participants lost fat and about 1.4 kg of lean mass, including 0.9 kg of skeletal muscle, though muscle made up a larger share of body weight.Read the study on PubMed (39776038) →
- In 90 Thai older adults, inadequate vitamin B12 intake was found alongside lower muscle mass indices, though this cross-sectional study cannot show that B12 caused the difference.Loss of Posterior Occluding Teeth and Its Association with Protein-Micronutrients Intake and Muscle Mass among Thai Elde…
- In a cross-sectional study of 86 care facility residents, vitamin B12 was not a significant contributor to physical performance, while low folate was linked to weaker strength in older women.Relationship between Homocysteine, Folate, Vitamin B12 and Physical Performance in the Institutionalized Elderly.
- In 82 adults with acromegaly and matched controls, vitamin B6 intake was correlated with sit-to-stand test performance, but the abstract does not clearly state which direction is beneficial.The relationships among nutrition, body composition, muscle strength and physical performance in patients with acromegal…
- In 80 older women at risk of sarcopenia, lower dietary vitamin E intake was linked to poorer chair-stand performance in the high-speed resistance training group, but this was a correlation and not a supplement test.Nutritional intake as a determinant of high-speed resistance and multicomponent training efficacy on strength in older w…
- In 72 patients eligible for stem cell transplant, sarcopenia was associated with inadequate vitamin B6 intake.Evaluation of nutritional risk factors in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation-eligible patients.
- In a case-control study of 66 COVID-19 survivors, an 8-week amino acid supplement that also contained vitamin B6 and B1 improved muscle mass, handgrip strength and walking performance compared with controls.Effects of a New Multicomponent Nutritional Supplement on Muscle Mass and Physical Performance in Adult and Old Patients…
- In 65 high-level endurance runners, blood selenium was linked to body composition measures in both directions, but this was a correlation study with no selenium supplementation given.Association between Trace Elements and Body Composition Parameters in Endurance Runners.
- In 64 outpatients with chronic lung disease, thiamin intake met recommended levels and was not related to body weight, and no muscle benefit from thiamin was measured.Dietary evaluation of outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
- In a one-time examination of 61 older adults in Yakutia, riboflavin deficiency was found in about a third, but riboflavin status was not linked to body composition, while higher serum retinol was linked to lower muscle mass.[Iodine and vitamin status, body composition in older persons living in Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)].
- In 60 institutionalized older adults followed for one year, vitamin B12 levels fell somewhat over the year, and B12 was linked to thinking ability, but no improvement in muscle strength from B12 was reported.Health Risk, Functional Markers and Cognitive Status in Institutionalized Older Adults: A Longitudinal Study.
- In 58 geriatric outpatients, higher folate intake was associated with higher muscle mass and strength before correction for multiple testing, but this did not remain statistically significant after correction.Nutrient Intake and Muscle Measures in Geriatric Outpatients.
- In 53 Chinese men and women aged 18 to 35, calcium intake was similar across age and sex groups, and the study found only correlations between bone, body composition, and muscle strength, with no intervention tested.Muscle-Bone Interactions in Chinese Men and Women Aged 18-35 Years.
- In 50 military cadets, blood levels of docosahexaenoic acid were not associated with performance on the Army Combat Fitness Test, while eicosapentaenoic acid was linked to some events.Body Composition, Eicosapentaenoic Acid, and Vitamin D are Associated with Army Combat Fitness Test Performance.
- In a historical cohort of 45 people with late-onset lipid storage myopathy, riboflavin produced a significant improvement in muscle strength after one month and more full recoveries than glucocorticoid treatment, and the authors suggest longer riboflavin treatment may be needed.A Historical Cohort Study on the Efficacy of Glucocorticoids and Riboflavin Among Patients with Late-onset Multiple Acyl…
- In 40 young men, higher vitamin A intake was linked to lower cortisol levels, but the study did not measure muscle building outcomes.Effects of Lifestyle, Diet, and Body Composition on Free Testosterone and Cortisol Levels in Young Men.
- In 40 Irish dancers, female dancers' average iodine intake from 4-day food diaries was below UK reference values, but body composition did not correlate with the intake of any nutrient, iodine included.Dietary Intake, Body Composition, and Nutrition Knowledge of Irish Dancers.
- In a cross-sectional study of 40 older hip fracture patients, average selenium intake fell below recommended levels, and 10% had sarcopenia, but the study did not test selenium's effect on muscle.Hip Fracture Patients in Geriatric Rehabilitation Show Poor Nutritional Status, Dietary Intake and Muscle Health.
- In 37 hospitalized patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis, median thiamin intake was judged insufficient, but the study did not measure any effect of thiamin on muscle.Nutritional assessment and adequacy of dietary intake in hospitalized patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis.
- In 29 older adults with sarcopenia, higher red blood cell docosahexaenoic acid was linked to more appendicular lean mass, while another omega-3 measure was linked to less lean mass, so the results were mixed.Are dietary intake and nutritional status of specific polyunsaturated fatty acids correlated with sarcopenia outcomes in…
- In 26 obese adults on an unsupplemented 1000-calorie diet for an average of 15 weeks, blood pyridoxine (vitamin B6) stayed in the normal range and arm muscle mass was maintained.Time-calorie displacement diet for weight control: a prospective evaluation of its adequacy for maintaining normal nutri…
- In 26 young men who did strenuous eccentric exercise, higher blood levels of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid were linked to less loss of muscle strength and less loss of joint flexibility afterward.Plasma Eicosapentaenoic Acid Is Associated with Muscle Strength and Muscle Damage after Strenuous Exercise.
- In young women three years after anorexia treatment, serum vitamin A levels were on average adequate, while about a quarter had subnormal skeletal muscle mass; the study did not test vitamin A for muscle gain.Dietary intake and nutritional status in adolescents and young adults with anorexia nervosa: A 3-year follow-up study.
- In a cross-sectional study of older adults in nursing homes, vitamin C intake adequacy differed by frailty status, but the study did not show that vitamin C improved muscle.Associations Between Frailty, Sarcopenia, and Nutritional Status in Older Adults Living in Nursing Homes.
- In a large national survey of U.S. adults, higher dietary vitamin K intake was linked to greater skeletal muscle mass in men but not women, and to handgrip strength up to a moderate intake level.Dietary vitamin K intake in relation to skeletal muscle mass and strength among adults: a cross-sectional study based on…
- Thiamine deficiency was found in about half of chronic alcoholics, but it was no more common in those with atrophied thigh muscle fibres than in those without.Nutritional status in alcoholics with and without chronic skeletal muscle myopathy.
- In a two-year post-hoc analysis of patients with knee osteoarthritis, higher folate intake was associated with better leg muscle strength; this shows an association from dietary intake, not a supplement trial result.Associations between folate intake and knee pain, inflammation mediators and comorbid conditions in patients with sympto…
- In elite male basketball, handball and volleyball players, higher magnesium intake from diet was linked with better trunk, grip, jumping and leg strength test scores.Magnesium intake is associated with strength performance in elite basketball, handball and volleyball players.
- In a pilot study of serum metabolites, people with severe sarcopenia had lower alpha-tocopherol levels than those with milder sarcopenia.Identification of a novel biomarker for sarcopenia diagnosis using serum metabolomic analysis: a pilot study.
- In 80 patients with Graves' disease, radioactive iodine treatment was followed over 3 months, and lean mass fell in patients whose hyperthyroidism worsened while it rose in those who became euthyroid or hypothyroid; this treatment is not an iodine supplement.Redistribution of body composition in patients with Graves' disease after iodine-131 treatment.
- In 58 children and young adults with combined methylmalonic acidemia and homocystinuria, a treatment combining vitamin B6 with vitamin B12, betaine, folic acid and carnitine improved muscle strength and tone, though most survivors still had neurological problems.[Outcomes of patients with combined methylmalonic acidemia and homocystinuria after treatment].
- In 16 boys with muscular dystrophy treated for one year with selenium and vitamin E, no boy gained any usable muscle strength, and the decline in strength was about the same as expected from growing older.A trial of selenium and vitamin E in boys with muscular dystrophy.
- In a retrospective review of 10 people with a riboflavin-responsive muscle disorder, high-dose riboflavin at 400 mg daily produced rapid muscle strength gains in all of them, though nerve symptoms did not improve.Diagnostic Challenges in Late Onset Multiple Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency: Clinical, Morphological, and Genetic Asp…
- In six children and young adults with a riboflavin transporter disorder, 1000 mg of riboflavin daily for 12 months partly normalized nerve excitability and maintained muscle strength, without improving strength.Pathophysiology of motor dysfunction in a childhood motor neuron disease caused by mutations in the riboflavin transport…
- Six volunteers training intensely in a hot climate on a daily potassium intake of 100 mEq ended up with a mean potassium deficit of 517 mEq, mostly from sweating, while lean body mass rose.Pathophysiology of intense physical conditioning in a hot climate. I. Mechanisms of potassium depletion.
- In a case series of 5 bariatric surgery patients with nerve damage and muscle weakness after severe vomiting, high-dose vitamin B1 together with diet repair and physical therapy led all patients to recover without lasting problems.A cluster of polyneuropathy and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome in a bariatric unit.
- In mice with muscle atrophy, a vitamin D analogue restored grip strength in males but not females, and the effect depended on testosterone; human data from a national survey showed vitamin D and testosterone interact to affect grip strength.The Effects of Vitamin D on Muscle Strength Are Influenced by Testosterone Levels.
- In mice, oral nicotinamide with pyridoxine sped up muscle repair and increased strength during recovery and in aging, and blood levels of these nutrients were linked to muscle mass and walking speed in a cohort of older people.Nicotinamide and pyridoxine stimulate muscle stem cell expansion and enhance regenerative capacity during aging.
- Nicotinic acid produced by a gut bacterium restored muscle NAD levels, increased muscle mass and function, and promoted mitochondrial activity in aged mice, and related muscle measures in people with sarcopenia.Bifidobacterium adolescentis-derived nicotinic acid improves host skeletal muscle mitochondrial function to ameliorate s…
- In mouse models of muscle wasting, selenium delivered by nanoparticles eased sarcopenia better than free selenocysteine, and low serum selenium was correlated with weaker muscle function in older patients.Maintaining myoprotein and redox homeostasis via an orally recharged nanoparticulate supplement potentiates sarcopenia t…
- In a lab study, chromium tripicolinate increased glucose uptake by muscle cells in culture, and the abstract says dietary chromium tripicolinate increased lean body mass development in humans, though no human details are given.Composition and biological activity of chromium-pyridine carboxylate complexes.
Review Totals and Summary
Members Only179 reviews
Customer feedback on the chocolate version is more mixed than on Thorne's own site, where its few listed reviews are all positive. On Amazon's international listing, shoppers rated it lower. The most common praise is for a chocolate flavor that is rich but not heavy. One buyer said it tastes so good, like a thick drink. Several people use it as a quick meal replacement when rushing. They say it leaves them feeling nourished, and one said their skin and body felt fresher. Buyers with dairy or soy sensitivities, often sent to Thorne by their doctors, value a clean, allergen-conscious formula. They say it is gentle on the stomach. Reviewers of the vanilla version made similar points: it mixes easily, is sweet but not too sweet, and avoids the cinnamon found in many vegan powders. Those buyers were also waiting to try the chocolate. The main complaints are about taste and texture. One reviewer called the flavor unremarkable and said the texture was unpleasant. Some people find the powder thick and earthy. The mushrooms are blamed for this, and a few say it leaves a slimy residue on the shaker ball. This clashes with the "no grit" marketing claim. Other users like the thickness but call it more like a pudding than a thin shake. A second theme is loyalty to an older product. Long-time customers of Thorne's earlier MediPro Vegan were upset when it was discontinued. They say VeganPro tastes different. Some accept it, and others judge it worse. Some low ratings seem to come from this change. Others come from the all-in-one design, which means you get the vitamins and mushrooms whether you want them or not. The price is another sticking point. Writers on retailer and dietitian sites put it at roughly $3 per serving. They accept this for the third-party testing and the extra nutrients, but it is expensive for plain protein. Overall, people who want a single product for protein, vitamins and omega-3 are the happiest. People who want a thin, smooth, dessert-like shake are the most disappointed.
Biohacker Summary
Members Only9 of 10 recommend it
This product is a vegan protein powder, and the panel had nothing to say about protein itself, only about the vitamins and minerals in it, which are all smaller ingredients in this product. Vitamin D drew the most comment: most of the panel recommend or use it, citing brain health, muscle, and general health, with doses of 5,000 IU daily from one person and at least 10,000 IU in winter from another, and advice to take it with dietary fat and get levels tested. Magnesium was a smaller ingredient in this product that about half the panel use or recommend, mostly for sleep, in forms such as glycinate before bed and threonate at 400 mg. One panelist warned that magnesium labels can make the dose look larger than it is, and another warned that too much zinc can lead to a copper shortfall. Vitamin C was backed with collagen for joints and connective tissue, while zinc, vitamin K2 at 90 mcg, and potassium from foods rather than supplements each got a brief nod, and no one said they stopped taking any of them.
See all 10 biohackers →Hide the biohackers
Dr. Eric Berg · Vitamin D · warns
- Dr. Berg warns that the recommended daily intake for vitamin D is based on a massive error and that the actual necessary amount is closer to 8,895 IU, with millions remaining deficient.
- Recommends getting vitamin D levels tested to ensure they are between 50 and 70, as vitamin D is intimately involved in regulating prostate size.
- Discusses foods that contain Vitamin K2.
- Recommends ensuring sufficient zinc intake because the prostate needs enough zinc for the conversion from testosterone to DHT to be smooth and optimized.
- Recommends taking at least 10,000 IUs of vitamin D3 every single day in the winter, stating it is the most important vitamin to lower cancer risk.
- Recommends vitamin D to support the immune system, aiming for blood levels between 80 to 100 ng per ml.
- Dr. Eric Berg states that magnesium supports energy, muscle function, and sleep, and that most of it is stored inside cells, making deficiencies harder to detect with a standard blood test.
- States that people need more potassium than any other mineral, yet most people aren’t getting enough.
- Notes that magnesium could also be a factor in preventing muscle cramps.
- Explains that potassium is essential for peristalsis, the pumping action through the colon, and without it, things can sit there, leading to constipation.
- Mentions that lemon is loaded with vitamin C, and when combined with coffee, vitamin C significantly increases the bioavailability of antioxidants in the coffee.
- Recommends taking no less than 10,000 IU's of vitamin D3 for osteoporosis, alongside magnesium and K2.
- Recommends increasing vitamin D to restore balance and support healthy blood pressure.
- Recommends taking 40 to 45 milligrams of vitamin K2 daily for osteoporosis, citing a study from Japan with great results.
Dave Asprey · Vitamin D · uses
- Takes Vitamin DAKE from Suppgrade Labs.
- Mentions magnesium in the context of sleep but states that it doesn't address the core issue of waking up during the night.
- Suggests that vitamin D supports brain health, muscle function, and focus.
- Suggests that magnesium may help slow aging, support cellular repair, and improve sleep.
- Recommends taking vitamin C for better skin health.
- States that magnesium can affect how the body responds to a supplement.
- States that folate can affect how the body responds to a supplement.
- Host Dave Asprey explains why correcting a vitamin D deficiency still makes sense for male fertility, even though supplementation did not improve overall semen parameters in a randomized trial.
- States that currently, he is only taking vitamin C and vitamin D.
- States that currently, he is only taking vitamin C and vitamin D.
- Dave Asprey's kids get a little bit of vitamin E every day, which helps to stabilize the bad oils they get when eating at restaurants.
- Recommends taking vitamin K2 with vitamin D to keep calcium in the bones, and suggests kids also take it for stronger bones.
- Recommends Vitamin K2, stating it supports healthy calcium metabolism.
- Developed a nonnano zinc sunscreen over five years, stating her skin is probably better now than it's ever been.
Dr. Mark Hyman · Magnesium · uses
- Recommends considering magnesium glycinate before bed for nervous system support, deeper sleep quality, and to help the body transition into rest, and states that they take it every night.
- Recommends Vitamin D for health, stating that amazing things happen when patients' vitamin D statuses reach optimal levels.
- Recommends Magnesium Breakthrough Advanced 10 from Bioptimizers for restful sleep, muscle recovery, stress resilience, and metabolic health, especially during stressful times of the year.
- Mentions vitamin D as an existing biomarker that plays a role in mental health, which Function Health includes in their measurements.
- Notes that taking folate can lower homocysteine levels, which has shown health benefits and physical improvements in brain scans in clinical trials.
- Notes that vitamin D plays a role in immune function.
- Notes that some people may need a little bit extra folate with a supplement.
- Mentions that vitamin A levels can be looked at to get a deep sense of what's happening with nutrient levels.
- Warns that potassium bromate, a dough conditioner banned in the EU, UK, and Canada, is still allowed in U.S. bread.
- Recommends magnesium because it is involved in over 600 reactions in the body and up to 80% of people may have low levels that never get flagged on a standard blood test.
- Recommends magnesium as a basic supplement during detoxification to support pathways, help with constipation, and provide electrolytes.
- Recommends vitamin C as a basic supplement during detoxification to help with inflammation and detoxification.
- Recommends checking vitamin D levels and states that if they had to pick one single intervention for immune health, vitamin D would be it.
- Recommends Magnesium Breakthrough Advanced 10 from Biooptimizers, which contains 10 bioavailable forms and 550 mg of elemental magnesium, to support restful sleep, restorative sleep, muscle recovery, stress resilience, and metabolic health.
Siim Land · Vitamin D · recommends
- Advises against taking vitamin D in the morning with other supplements because it is fat soluble and requires dietary fat for better absorption.
- Recommends taking Vitamin D with fat for better absorption.
- Recommends taking vitamin C with collagen to support joint collagen synthesis.
- States that Magnesium can be a useful addition for some people for sleep.
- States that Vitamin D connects biology to light and that UVB reaching the skin enables its production.
- States that vitamin C is needed for initiating collagen synthesis and that higher vitamin C intake appears to increase vitamin C content in the skin.
- Mentions that copper is a mineral necessary for making collagen.
- Recommends magnesium for sleep, especially deep sleep, and suggests trying better types like Threonate, Biscinate, or Torate, referencing a study where magnesium supplementation improved deep sleep.
- Notes that Vitamin K2 helps activate proteins involved in bone mineralization and calcium regulation.
- Mentions that prunes contain vitamin K, which is a factor in their ability to help with bone density.
- Boron is a mineral that helps with bone density and vitamin D utilization, and also helps to increase free testosterone by reducing SHBG.
- Recommends Magnesium for blood pressure, migraines and deficiency, based primarily on human research, especially randomized controlled trials showing measurable benefits.
- Recommends Vitamin K2 for bone health and calcium metabolism, based primarily on human research, especially randomized controlled trials showing measurable benefits.
- Lists Magnesium as one of 15 supplements backed by human studies.
Andrew Huberman · Zinc · uses
- Zinc carnosine to support and improve the lining of your gut.
- Notes that AG1 Pro contains zinc carnosine to support and improve the lining of the gut.
- Discusses Magnesium Threonate as a tool for falling asleep.
- States that AG1 Pro contains zinc carnosine to support and improve the lining of the gut.
- Uses AG1 Pro, which contains zinc carnosine to support and improve the lining of the gut.
- States that AG1 Pro contains zinc carnosine to support and improve the lining of the gut, and he was already taking some of these ingredients separately.
- States that AG1 Pro includes zinc carnosine, which he was already taking separately, to support and improve the lining of the gut.
- Notes that most people are probably deficient in vitamin D and benefit from supplementing, but there's no point in doing it unless you're deficient for most things.
- Personally takes zinc carnosine, which is included in AG1 Pro to support and improve the lining of the gut.
- AG1 Pro has zinc carnosine to support and improve the lining of your gut. Some of these ingredients I personally was already taking separate from the AG1 formula.
- States that AG1 Pro contains zinc carnosine to support and improve the lining of your gut.
- Uses AG1 Pro, which contains zinc carnosine to support and improve the lining of the gut.
- Takes 400 mg of Magnesium Threonate before bed for sleep.
- Takes 5,000 IU of Vitamin D3 in the morning for longevity.
Ben Greenfield · Copper · neutral
- Mentions that overshooting zinc can lead to a copper deficiency, highlighting the interplay between these elements.
- Uses magnesium during surgery because it is neuroprotective.
- Ben Greenfield's formulation includes 30 grams of zinc a day, taken for one week before surgery and two weeks after, as it is an important cofactor for wound healing.
- Mentions a recent study showing no significant increase in bleeding for patients on Vitamin E supplementation during open heart surgery, which was interesting for him to learn.
- States that vitamin C is extremely important for collagen turnover and cites orthopedic data showing that 500 mg to 1 g of vitamin C can reduce the rate of complex regional pain in total knee replacements and wrist fractures.
- Notes that Vitamin D is actually a hormone and recommends patients aim for levels around 40 to 50, or even 60 for fracture healing, for optimal healing, as opposed to just above 20 which is considered normal.
- Says he is drinking LMNT, which contains sodium, potassium, and magnesium, and states that he actually drinks this stuff.
- Says he is drinking LMNT, which contains sodium, potassium, and magnesium, and states that he actually drinks this stuff.
- Notes that Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that supports healthy skin cell turnover.
- Mentions magnesium as part of a bare-minimum protocol.
- Advises getting red blood cell magnesium levels to the high end of the range as a minimum step for overall health and to slow down heart disease.
- Mentions vitamin C as part of a bare-minimum protocol.
- Mentions vitamin D as part of a bare-minimum protocol.
- Advises getting vitamin D levels between 60 and 100 nanograms per milliliter as a minimum step for overall health and to slow down heart disease.
Dr. Rhonda Patrick · Magnesium · neutral
- Magnesium supplementation has lowered blood pressure in randomized controlled trials. An analysis of 34 trials involving over 2,000 participants found modest reductions in both systolic and diastolic pressure, with a median dose of 368 mg/day.
- Warns that some magnesium supplements make the dose look much larger than it really is and that labels can fool people.
- Vitamin D supplementation was linked to a 40% lower risk of dementia in an observational study of more than 12,000 older adults.
- Mentions that vitamin D also plays a role in maintaining muscle mass.
- Mentions magnesium as an important nutrient component for testosterone.
- Notes that not getting enough zinc can affect testosterone, as zinc is very important for testosterone synthesis.
- Warns that some supplement companies mislead consumers by listing the total compound weight of magnesium citrate as the elemental magnesium dose, when the actual elemental magnesium content is much lower, potentially around 44-66 milligrams.
- Recommends ensuring adequate vitamin D intake for men's sperm health.
- Recommends men take a 30 milligram zinc supplement for sperm health when preparing for IVF.
- Recommends ensuring adequate methyl folate intake, ideally through a prenatal vitamin, for women preparing for IVF.
- Vitamin D and strength training alone did not, but adding them strengthened the effect on one clock, with the full combination slowing that measure by ~3.8 months.
- States there is not yet strong, consistent evidence that magnesium supplementation reliably improves sleep, noting that while some meta-analyses suggest it can improve sleep quality scores, sleep efficiency, and sleep duration, individual studies are inconsistent and several have found no meaningful effect.
- Lutein and zeaxanthin can also be obtained from certain multivitamins.
- Lutein and zeaxanthin can also be obtained from certain multivitamins.
Thomas DeLauer · Magnesium · uses
- Uses Element's cans which contain 30 milligram magnesium, finding that electrolytes help his workout performance.
- Uses Element's cans which contain 100 milligram potassium, finding that electrolytes help his workout performance.
- Recommends taking vitamin C along with collagen about an hour before a workout for connective tissue benefits.
- Uses Element's 30 mg magnesium cans first thing in the morning to prime his day and help with workout performance.
- Uses Element's 100 mg potassium cans first thing in the morning to prime his day and help with workout performance.
- Recommends magnesium around the time one would normally break a fast to calm the brain and dull feelings of conditioned hunger.
- Uses vitamin C as part of their immunity duo, stating it is important for boosting the immune system, especially during cold and flu season.
- Adds zinc to their immunity duo because it helps them absorb vitamin C, considering the two together a fantastic combination for fall and winter.
- Uses vitamin D3 in the fall and winter months when getting less sun, as it's important to supplement it then.
- Recommends taking a massive amount of vitamin D simultaneously with an early morning massive breakfast to help reset circadian rhythms and address hyperphagia.
- Recommends Vitamin B12 for mental health and mood, explaining its role in myelination and neurotransmitter production. They specifically recommend a liposomal and micellar form of methylcobalamin B12 for better absorption and to avoid toxicity.
- Recommends magnesium, noting it is a cofactor for enzymes that build neurotransmitters, and deficiency can affect mood, happiness, and motivation.
- Recommends zinc, noting it is a cofactor for enzymes that build neurotransmitters, and deficiency can affect mood, happiness, and motivation.
- Recommends Vitamin D, stating that it has receptors throughout the brain and deficiency can quickly impact brain and mood.
Bryan Johnson · Vitamin K · uses
- Takes 90 mcg of Vitamin K2 in the morning for general health.
- Takes 5000 IU of Vitamin D3 in the morning for general health.
- Takes 400 mg of Magnesium Threonate before bed for sleep.
- Takes 5000 IU of Vitamin D3 in the morning for general health.
- Takes 400 mg of Magnesium L-Threonate before bed for sleep.
- Mentions that the sunlight assessment claims low vitamin D levels cause the immune system to misfire, and notes that their vitamin D has been measured.
- Takes 100 mcg of Vitamin K2 in the morning for longevity.
- Takes 5000 IU of Vitamin D3 in the morning for longevity.
- Takes 400 mg of Magnesium Threonate before bed for sleep.
- Takes 2 mg of Boron in the morning for longevity.
- Takes 15 mg of Zinc in the morning for longevity.
- He takes 100 mcg of Vitamin K2 in the morning for general health.
- He takes 5000 IU of Vitamin D3 in the morning for general health.
- He takes 400 mg of Double Wood Magnesium L-Threonate before bed for sleep.
Peter Attia · Potassium · recommends
- States there is some evidence that increasing dietary potassium through potassium-rich foods like bananas and potatoes, rather than supplements, can lower blood pressure.
- Peter reviews the evidence for select off-label medications and supplements commonly used for sleep, including glycine, magnesium, ashwagandha, and phosphatidylserine.
- Suggests that zinc and magnesium could potentially help with vasodilation and sleep, particularly for women experiencing severe symptoms in the luteal phase.
- Lists vitamin D as one of her staple supplements.
- Suggests that zinc and magnesium could potentially help with vasodilation and sleep, particularly for women experiencing severe symptoms in the luteal phase.
- Discusses the dangers of supplementing with high levels of iodine.
- Notes that several studies show patients taking vitamin D can reduce TPO levels and prolong the honeymoon period of Hashimoto's disease.
- Warns that high-dose iodine supplementation carries a risk of autoimmune thyroid disease, citing increased incidence in Japan due to higher dietary iodine intake.
- Notes that several studies show patients taking selenium can reduce TPO levels and prolong the honeymoon period of Hashimoto's disease.
- Peter discusses electrolytes and fiber and the ketogenic diet, specifically preventing magnesium loss.
- States that in mouse studies, there was a combined effect of alpha ketoglutarate with vitamin D for both sexes.
- Notes that in mouse studies, there was a combined effect of alpha ketoglutarate with vitamin A for male mice.
- Uses vitamin D as an example of how people might dismiss its efficacy due to failed clinical trials that didn't adjust the dose or measure levels.
- In mouse studies, Peter Attia's team found a combined effect of AKG with Vitamin D for both sexes.
RAL Summary
Members OnlyTier 4 for Muscle and Strength
Human studies support Vitamin D (28 of 55 human studies showed an improvement), but there are not yet enough reviews to confirm it (10). The final check notes: The tier rests on vitamin D, a trace nutrient whose own findings say it does not build muscle when taken alone, while the main ingredient, the 31 gram protein blend, was never assessed.
Take 2 servings a day to match the dose that worked in the studies.
- Emerging: not enough evidence to rank higher yet.
Where the evidence disagrees: 160 of the 338 human studies found no effect.
More Details
Members OnlyBody systems · Combine with · Possible side effects
Body systems: Muscular system
Combine with: For mood support, pair a protein shake with ingredients that have clinical evidence. Options include high-EPA fish or algal omega-3 oil (1-2 g EPA/DHA daily), methylfolate and methylcobalamin (B9/B12) for neurotransmitter synthesis, vitamin D3 if levels are low, magnesium glycinate for nervous system balance, and saffron extract (about 30 mg daily) for mood. L-theanine or ashwagandha may help with stress-related mood changes, and probiotics may support the gut-brain axis. If the goal is muscle building or recovery, the protein works well with creatine monohydrate, vitamin D3, and magnesium. Consult a healthcare provider before combining supplements, especially if you take meds, since 5-HTP, SAMe, and St. John's wort can interact with them.
Possible side effects: No major side effects reported in the studies; some reviewers find the texture thick, earthy or slimy, while others say it is gentle on the stomach.
Supplement Facts
Total Carbohydrates 20 g · Vitamin A 1.05 mg · Vitamin C 250 mg
| Calories | 160 | |
| Total Fat | 3 g | |
| Total Carbohydrates | 20 g | |
| Protein | 20 g | |
| Vitamin A | 1.05 mg | |
| Vitamin C | 250 mg | |
| Vitamin D | 50 mcg | |
| Vitamin E | 13.5 mg | |
| Vitamin K | 400 mcg | |
| Thiamine | 50 mg | |
| Riboflavin | 12 mg | |
| Niacin | 60 mg | |
| Vitamin B6 | 20 mg | |
| Folate | 667 mcg DFE | |
| Vitamin B12 | 600 mcg | |
| Biotin | 500 mcg | |
| Pantothenic Acid | 45 mg | |
| Choline | 18 mg | |
| Calcium | 88 mg | |
| Iodine | 75 mcg | |
| Magnesium | 170 mg | |
| Zinc | 10 mg | |
| Selenium | 100 mcg | |
| Copper | 750 mcg | |
| Manganese | 1.5 mg | |
| Chromium | 200 mcg | |
| Sodium | 230 mg | |
| Potassium | 280 mg | |
| Proprietary Blend | 31 g | † |
| Proprietary Blend | 4 g | † |
| Proprietary Blend | 300 mg | † |
| Docosahexaenoic Acid | 200 mg | † |
| D-Gamma Tocopherol | 24 mg | † |
| Boron | 1 mg | † |
Other ingredients: Flavors, Cocoa, Cane Juice Sugar, Evaporated, Stevia Leaf Extract.
Directions: Suggested use: Mix 2 scoops with at least 10 ounces of cold water or preferred beverage daily or as recommended by your health-care practitioner.
Barcode (UPC) 693749011491 · Label source: NIH label database · Report a label change
Show entire label



More muscle and strength products
Members OnlyThe highest ranked for the same goal
Read more
Our articles on this subject
- Vitamin D2 vs D3: Which Form Raises Your Vitamin D More?Article · Oct 31, 2026
- Peter Attia's Supplement List: What He Takes and What the Trials SayArticle · Sep 20, 2026
Graded November 5, 2026 by the Reverse Age Lab evidence engine, from human studies, real reviews and our biohacker panel. How we grade. Is this medical advice? No. Rala organizes the published evidence; go over any change with your doctor, especially if you take meds.
Privacy policyConsumer health dataAffiliate disclosureTermsDo Not Sell or Share My Personal InformationCookie settings

